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19 results for “Mediterranean grasslands”
Data from: Long-term and year-to-year stability and its drivers in a Mediterranean grassland
<p><span>Understanding the mechanisms underlying community stability has become an urgent need in order to protect ecosystems from global change and resulting biodiversity loss. While community stability can be influenced by richness, synchrony in annual fluctuations of species, species stability and functional traits, the relative contributions of these drivers to stability are still unclear. In semi-natural grasslands, land-use changes such as fertilization might affect stability by decreasing richness and influencing year-to-year fluctuations. In addition, they can promote long-term directional trends, shifting community composition and influencing grassland maintenance. Thus, it is important to consider how species and community stability vary year-to-year but also in the long term. </span></p> <p><span>Using a 14-year vegetation time series of a species-rich semi-natural Mediterranean grassland, we studied the relative importance of richness, synchrony, species stability and functional traits on community stability. To assess land-use change effects on stability, we applied a fertilization treatment. To distinguish stability patterns produced by year-to-year fluctuations from those caused by long-term trends, we compared the results obtained using a detrending approach from those without detrending. </span></p> <p><span>Stability is influenced by richness, synchrony and functional traits. Fertilization decreases species and community stability by promoting long-term trends in species composition, favouring competitive species and decreasing richness. Studying stability at the community and species level, and accounting for the effect of trends is essential to understand stability and its drivers more comprehensively.</span></p>
Fig. 21. Typical habitats. A. Mediterranean grassland, Karmiel. B. Desert loess plain, Yeruham. C. Desert rocky slope, Yeruham. D in Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
Fig. 21. Typical habitats. A. Mediterranean grassland, Karmiel. B. Desert loess plain, Yeruham. C. Desert rocky slope, Yeruham. D. Mediterranean dwarf scrub (batha), Yodfat. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
<p><span><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Climate and land-use changes, which include the application of various types of organic and inorganic fertilisers, have been reducing the species diversity of Mediterranean grasslands and threatening their conservation. Annual plants are one of the most diverse functional groups of species in these grasslands, despite suffering competitive pressure from perennial herbaceous and woody species, and they are essential for ecosystem functioning and stability. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Aims:</span></strong><span> To quantify how fertilisation modulates the impact of plant-to-plant interactions and climate fluctuations on the dynamics of annuals in Mediterranean grasslands. We hypothesised that the application of sewage sludge would increase competition between functional groups, reducing the abundance of annuals in the long-term, but would buffer the negative impacts of drought on the year-to-year fluctuation of the diversity of annuals.</span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> In a semi-natural species-rich Mediterranean grassland in northern Spain, we analysed the changes in the taxonomical and functional composition and diversity of annuals over 14 years in response to variations in the abundance of perennial herbaceous and woody species, climate fluctuations, and fertilisation with sewage sludge. We quantified separately the patterns of year-to-year fluctuations and long-term trends. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> The frequency and diversity of annuals decreased with a higher abundance of perennial herbaceous species, drought in June, and cold winters. The addition of sewage sludge decreased the abundance of annuals in the long-term, seemed to promote competition between annuals and other functional groups at an interannual scale, and mitigated the negative effects of drought and cold.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fertilisation influences differently the temporal response of annuals to climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions.</span></span></p>
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
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Data from: Long-term and year-to-year stability and its drivers in a Mediterranean grassland
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Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in subsoils after 20 years of added precipitation in a Mediterranean grassland
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Spatial plant-plant associations from a Mediterranean grassland and associated analyses
<p>This dataset contains data documenting plant spatial patterns in a Mediterranean grassland (la Crau, France) along a grazing and nutrient enrichment gradient, along with accessory data documenting soil characteristics. It has been used to compute spatial association networks for plant communties to investigate changes in plant-plant interactions with grazing. Results show that association networks become closer to random expectations as grazing pressure increases.</p>
Data from: Aridity Modulates N Availability in Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean Grasslands
While much is known about the factors that control each component of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle, it is less clear how these factors affect total N availability, the sum of organic and inorganic forms potentially available to microorganisms and plants. This is particularly true for N-poor ecosystems such as drylands, which are highly sensitive to climate change and desertification processes that can lead to the loss of soil nutrients such as N. We evaluated how different climatic, abiotic, plant and nutrient related factors correlate with N availability in semiarid Stipa tenacissima grasslands along a broad aridity gradient from Spain to Tunisia. Aridity had the strongest relationship with N availability, suggesting the importance of abiotic controls on the N cycle in drylands. Aridity appeared to modulate the effects of pH, plant cover and organic C (OC) on N availability. Our results suggest that N transformation rates, which are largely driven by variations in soil moisture, are not the direct drivers of N availability in the studied grasslands. Rather, the strong relationship between aridity and N availability could be driven by indirect effects that operate over long time scales (decades to millennia), including both biotic (e.g. plant cover) and abiotic (e.g. soil OC and pH). If these factors are in fact more important than short-term effects of precipitation on N transformation rates, then we might expect to observe a lagged decrease in N availability in response to increasing aridity. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the increase in aridity predicted with ongoing climate change will reduce N availability in the Mediterranean basin, impacting plant nutrient uptake and net primary production in semiarid grasslands throughout this region.
Viral metagenomic sequences from Mediterranean grassland soils
<p>Database of 6088 de-replicated viral contigs identified in viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) generated from Mediterranean grassland soils.</p>
Dataset for: Temporal trajectories of plant functional traits in mediterranean grasslands under different grazing regimes
<p>The excel file contains three spreadsheets:</p> <ol> <li>the environmental and temporal information about the plot (sample)</li> <li>the plant functional traits of the species (traits)</li> <li>the species composition of the plant communities (species).</li> </ol> <p>These data have been used for the statistical analysis of the manuscript Nour et al., 2024 on Applied Vegetation Science. For more information see the manuscript "Temporal trajectories of plant functional traits in Mediterranean grasslands under different grazing regimes" (Nour et al., 2024).</p>
Data from: Shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of some soil enzymes in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands
Shrub encroachment is a worldwide phenomenon with implications for desertification and global change. We evaluated its effects on the activities of urease, phosphatase and b-glucosidase in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima by sampling 12 sites with and without resprouting shrubs along a climatic gradient. The presence of shrubs affected the evaluated enzymes at different spatial scales. Soils under S. tenacissima tussocks and in bare ground areas devoid of vascular plants had higher values of phosphatase and urease when the shrubs were present. For the b-glucosidase, this effect was site-specific. At the scale of whole plots (30 m 30 m), shrubs increased soil enzyme activities between 2% (b-glucosidase) and 22% (urease), albeit these differences were significant only in the later case. Our results indicate that shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of extracellular soil enzymes in S. tenacissima grasslands.
Data from: Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands
The worldwide phenomenon of shrub encroachment in grass-dominated dryland ecosystems is commonly associated with desertification. Studies of the purported desertification effects associated with shrub encroachment are often restricted to relatively few study areas, and document a narrow range of possible impacts upon biota and ecosystem processes. We conducted a study in degraded Mediterranean grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima to simultaneously evaluate the effects of shrub encroachment on the structure and composition of multiple biotic community components, and on various indicators of ecosystem function. Shrub encroachment enhanced vascular plant richness, biomass of fungi, actinomycetes and other bacteria, and was linked with greater soil fertility and N mineralization rates. While shrub encroachment may be a widespread phenomenon in drylands, an interpretation that this is an expression of desertification is not universal. Our results suggest that shrub establishment may be an important step in the reversal of desertification processes in the Mediterranean region.
Data from: Grazing and climate interact to regulate greening trends in Mediterranean grasslands
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Data from: Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands
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Data from: Biological soil crusts modulate nitrogen availability in semi-arid ecosystems: insights from a Mediterranean grassland
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Spatial plant-plant associations from a Mediterranean grassland and associated analyses
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Data from: Shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of some soil enzymes in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands
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Data from: Aridity Modulates N Availability in Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean Grasslands
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Effects of fragmentation at fine scale in Mediterranean mountain grasslands
<p>European mountain grasslands suffer a process of abandonment and are colonized by shrubs and forest. This makes a fragmentation at fine scale where a matrix forest surrounds the grassland fragments. Multiple studies have been realized about grassland fragmentation but in anthropic matrix like crops. There is no knowledge about the effect of fragmentation on the abandoned grasslands where the isolation can be minor but not the environmental change due to the surrounding forest in the smallest fragments. In this work, we studied abandoned Mediterranean mountain grasslands in an oak forest matrix. We surveyed the grassland communities and their soil properties in multiple fragments of different sizes and isolation. We classified the communities into different functional groups and calculated landscape variables of fragmentation. Then, we analysed the effect of the fragmentation on the richness of the functional groups and the grassland community. The results show that the fragmentation does not have any effect on the grasslands except on the communities in the extreme gradient of the vegetation succession, the annuals and fringe forest communities. The landscape configuration does not have effects on the grasslands. The smallest grasslands favoured the herbaceous fringe forest and the decrease of the annuals, due to higher amounts of soil organic carbon and less light availability and wetter conditions. Annual grasslands are more abundant in bigger fragments with drier conditions. The connectivity among fragments is not a problem for the grassland communities at fine scale. The typical grassland species show that they remain even in the smallest fragments although in theses the community is more similar to the forest fringe.</p>
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