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47 results for “Mediterranean hotspots”
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Diversity-rich mediterranean-type sclerophyllous forests are home to 20% of described species on Earth. In the <em>Eucalyptus marginata</em> (jarrah) forest of southwest of Western Australia diversity is being reduced by extensive human use and the introduction of the plant pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em>. This study investigated the influence of <em>P. cinnamomi </em>infestation on the structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition of the forest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location</strong>: Jarrah forest of southwestern Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Species<strong> </strong>abundance, understorey cover and canopy cover were assessed along 22, 30-m long transects which crossed infested and non-infested zones in five reserves in the jarrah forest. A trait database was assembled for 137 plants using 13 traits related to nutrient- and carbon acquisition, disturbance tolerance and reproduction. The responses of canopy cover, understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, abundance, and functional diversity for trait groups, and all groups combined were modelled against reserve and zone as fixed effects and transect and transect section as random effects. To assess the species composition, NMDS ordination based on Bray Curtis resemblance and indicator species analyses were used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Results</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Significantly higher understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were recorded in non-infested compared to infested zones, but there were no changes in the canopy cover and overall abundance. In non-infested zones, the functional diversity of nutrient acquisition and reproductive traits was higher, but the functional diversity of carbon acquisition traits was lower. No difference in functional diversity was recorded in disturbance tolerance and overall traits between the two zones. NMDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed a significant difference in the species composition between the two zones, and 11 indicator species significantly associated with infested and non-infested zones were identified.<strong> </strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> has significantly affected the forest structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition. Contrasting responses of functional trait groups obscured overall trait responses to <em>P. cinnamomi.</em></p>
Annual bottom trawling hours and hotspots in the Mediterranean for 2019
<p>An enhanced version of the R4AIS workflow (Galdelli et al., 2021) was used to process T-AIS data, with a poll frequency of 5 min, of fishing vessels operating in the Mediterranean Sea in 2019. Data of vessels categorized as bottom trawlers were aggregated to obtain yearly fishing hours at 0.1° and 0.5° resolution. Besides information of the number of vessels involved in the fishing activity and their nationality were retrived.</p> <p>Besides, statistically significant trawling hotspots of fishing activities in the Mediterranean were identified by the application of the Getis-Ord Gi statistic (Getis and Ord 2010) though the statistical software R using the globalG.test function (spdep package). The function computes a global test for spatial autocorrelation using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. It tests the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation against the alternative hypothesis of positive spatial autocorrelation. Then the local spatial autocorrelation was tested calculating the Gi statistic, using the local_g_perm function (dfdep package), which indicates the strength of the clustering.</p> <p>Categorization of hotspots was performed, according to the Gi value and the p-value of a folded permutation test obtained for each grid cell, as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.01 as Very hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.05 as Hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat hot</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.05 as Cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.01 à Very cold</li> </ul> <p>Grid cells with a p-value > 0.1 were categorized as Insignificant.</p> <p> </p> <p>The present dataset includes layers of the annual bottom trawling activity and their hotspot in the Mediterranean (.shp; .csv) at both resolutions (0.1°; 0.5°)</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel — a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel — a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/49577e28-85f9-4cde-8e7f-3ec5baf7556f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/49577e28-85f9-4cde-8e7f-3ec5baf7556f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/49577e28-85f9-4cde-8e7f-3ec5baf7556f">https://gbif.org/dataset/49577e28-85f9-4cde-8e7f-3ec5baf7556f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin
FIGURE 2 | Analyses of Sicilian sativa and sylvestris germplasm. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) (A); Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) (B); first round of STRUCTURE (C) with percentage (pies) for each cluster and population (D); second round of STRUCTURE for cluster A (E) and cluster B (F).
FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin
FIGURE 3 | Analyses of Sicilian, Mediterranean and Central Asian sativa and sylvestris germplasm. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) (A); Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) (B); first round of STRUCTURE (C) with percentage (pies) for each cluster and population (D); Second round of STRUCTURE
Hidden and total fishing activity hotspots in the Mediterranean Sea between 2017 and 2022 estimated from AIS data
<p>Hidden and total fishing activity hotspots in the Mediterranean Sea between 2017 and 2022 estimated from AIS data</p>
Fishing activity hotspots in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Seas at 0.5°
<p>Statistically significant hotspots of fishing activities in the Mediterranean and Atlanti Seas were identified by the application of the Getis-Ord Gi statistic (Getis and Ord 2010) though the statistical software R using the globalG.test function (spdep package). The function computes a global test for spatial autocorrelation using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. It tests the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation against the alternative hypothesis of positive spatial autocorrelation. Then the local spatial autocorrelation was tested calculating the Gi statistic, using the local_g_perm function (dfdep package), which indicates the strength of the clustering.</p> <p>Categorization of hotspots was performed, according to the Gi value and the p-value of a folded permutation test obtained for each grid cell, as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.01 as Very hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.05 as Hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat hot</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.05 as Cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.01 à Very cold</li> </ul> <p>Grid cells with a p-value > 0.1 were categorized as Insignificant.</p> <p>The analyses were performed on cumulative fishing activity data at 0.5° resolution of seven different gears separately for the two macroareas.</p> <p>The dataset presented includes for each area maps of each gear hotspot and spatial layers of the gears hotspots (.shp; .csv)</p>
Fishing activity hotspots in case study areas of the Mediterranean, Black and Atlantic Seas at 0.1°
<p>Statistically significant hotspots of fishing activities in specific case study areas (Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Balearic Sea, Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, Black Sea, Levantine Sea and North Sea) were identified by the application of the Getis-Ord Gi statistic (Getis and Ord 2010) though the statistical software R using the globalG.test function (spdep package). The function computes a global test for spatial autocorrelation using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. It tests the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation against the alternative hypothesis of positive spatial autocorrelation. Then the local spatial autocorrelation was tested calculating the Gi statistic, using the local_g_perm function (dfdep package), which indicates the strength of the clustering.</p> <p>Categorization of hotspots was performed, according to the Gi value and the p-value of a folded permutation test obtained for each grid cell, as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.01 as Very hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.05 as Hot</li> <li>Gi>0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat hot</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.1 as Somewhat cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.05 as Cold</li> <li>Gi<0 and p_value <=0.01 à Very cold</li> </ul> <p>Grid cells with a p-value > 0.1 were categorized as Insignificant.</p> <p>The analyses were performed on cumulative fishing activity data at 0.1° resolution of nine different gears separately for the eight case study areas.</p> <p>Trawling hotspot cells categorized as “Very hot” (highly pressured) and “Hot” and “Somewhat hot” (medium pressured) were intersected with repositories of stocks and species-observation data (Coro et al., 2023) in order to retrieve information of species potentially caught by those fishing activities.</p> <p>The dataset presented includes for each case study area tables of species potentially caught within the trawling hotspots, maps of each gear hotspot, spatial layers of the gears hotspots (.shp; .csv)</p>
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Plant invasion in Mediterranean Europe: current hotspots and future scenarios
<p>These are the raw data that can be used to reproduce results of the paper: "<strong>Plant invasion in Mediterranean Europe: current invasion hotspots and future scenarios</strong>". </p> <p>The Mediterranean Basin has historically been subject to alien plant invasions that threaten its unique biodiversity. This seasonally dry and densely populated region is undergoing severe climatic and socioeconomic changes, and it is unclear whether these changes will worsen or mitigate plant invasions. Predictions are often biased, as species may not be in equilibrium in the invaded environment, depending on their invasion stage and ecological characteristics. To address future predictions uncertainty, we identified invasion hotspots across multiple biased modelling scenarios and ecological characteristics of successful invaders.</p> <p>We selected 92 alien plant species widespread in Mediterranean Europe and compiled data on their distribution in the Mediterranean and worldwide. We combined these data with environmental and propagule pressure variables to model global and regional species niches and map their current and future habitat suitability. We identified invasion hotspots, examined their potential future shifts, and compared the results of different modelling strategies. Finally, we generalised our findings by using linear models to determine the traits and biogeographic features of invaders most likely to benefit from global change.</p> <p>Currently, invasion hotspots are found near ports and coastlines throughout Mediterranean Europe. However, many species occupy only a small portion of the environmental conditions to which they are preadapted, suggesting that their invasion is still an ongoing process. Future conditions will lead to declines in many currently widespread aliens, which will tend to move to higher elevations and latitudes. Our trait models indicate that future climates will generally favour species with conservative ecological strategies that can cope with reduced water availability, such as those with short stature and low specific leaf area. Taken together, our results suggest that in future environments, these conservative aliens will move farther from the introduction areas and upslope, threatening mountain ecosystems that have been spared from invasions so far.</p> <p>With these data (environmental variables, species presences and background points, and distance to ports cities and to the coast) and using the R software following the ODMAP protocol attached to the original paper all results meet the criteria of reproducible science.</p>
Identifying Mediterranean Hotspots: The MED-HOT Index
<p>This folder contains the data and the scripts for producing the results of the manuscript entitled "Identifying Mediterranean Hotspots: The MED-HOT Index".</p>
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin
FIGURE 1 | Map of Sicily indicating the collection sites of wild grapevine.
Plant invasion in Mediterranean Europe: current hotspots and future scenarios
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Phylogeny of species, infraspecific taxa, and forms in Iris subgenus Xiphium (Iridaceae) that have centers of diversity in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Modelling the current and future biodiversity distribution in the Chilean Mediterranean Hotspot. The role of protected areas network in a warmer future
Aim: Mediterranean Chile is part of the five recognized Mediterranean-type climates in the world and harbors a very rich floral diversity. Climate change has been reported as a significant threat to its biodiversity. We used the flora of Mediterranean Chile to analyze how biodiversity patterns, as measured by Phylogenetic Diversity, genus and species richness will respond to climate change scenarios and identify the areas that will harbor the greatest evolutionary potential and biodiversity richness. We also evaluated how these spatial patterns are depicted within the current network of protected areas. Location: Chilean Mediterranean climate-type Region, South America. Methods: Biodiversity metrics were evaluated for current and future climatic scenarios. Species distribution models were done using Maxent for 1.727 species and 571 genera. Relationships between species/genera gain, loss and turnover were evaluated. For Mediterranean endemic species, loss and gain was also related to life form. Finally, variation in species gain, loss and turnover was evaluated in future climate change scenarios within and outside Mediterranean Chile state protected areas. Results: We found a general decrease in species richness in the entire Region toward future climate change scenarios. Phylogenetic Diversity is predicted to be higher than expected by richness in the north and south of the area, and lower than expected by richness in the Andes mountain. The highest average species and genus loss is predicted to occur outside the protected areas, meanwhile species and genus gain is higher within them. Main conclusions: Future biodiversity patterns are reported here for the first time in the Chilean Mediterranean Region. Our findings enhance the importance of the current protected areas to harbor this future variation, despite their reduced number and size along the region.
The contribution of the edaphic factor as a driver of recent plant diversification in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot
<p>1. The high diversification rates of plant lineages in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot have been linked to a complex interaction of climatic stressors, geographic isolation and soil type, but the question remains as to which of these factors has been the most significant environmental driver of recent speciation.</p> <p>2. Here, we draw on distributional data for the entire endemic flora of the Iberian Peninsula, together with DNA-based phylogenies and spatial phylogenetic methods, to explore patterns of relative phylogenetic endemism at different spatial resolutions and phylogenetic scales (superclades) and assess how environmental factors contribute to explain these patterns.</p> <p>3. We found that recent diversification of angiosperms as a whole, and particularly of eudicots, has been boosted by environmental stressors including high values of soil pH and dry-seasonal climatic conditions, while diversification of monocots has not been associated with soil conditions but with high elevation and less seasonal climate.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. These results provide robust insights into the environmental factors driving recent plant diversification in the Mediterranean Basin, including a role of soil properties that had not been quantified before. The contrasting environmental drivers of diversification in Eudicots and Monocots highlight the importance of analyzing spatial phylogenetic patterns at multiple phylogenetic scales to get a better understanding of the processes that shape biodiversity.</p>
FIGURE 13 in Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel—a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees
FIGURE 13. Male eighth sterna, ventral view: A, Andrena israelica n. sp.; B, A. judaea n. sp.; C, A. palaestina n. sp.; D, A. hermonella n. sp.; E, A. menahemella n. sp.; F, A. wolfi; G, A. sphecodimorpha mediterranea n. ssp.; H, A. perahia n. sp.; I, A. crocusella n. sp.
FIGURE 10. Andrena perahia n in Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel—a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees
FIGURE 10. Andrena perahia n. sp., female (A–D) and male (E–F): A, E, habitus, lateral view; B, F, head, anterior view; C, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D, metasoma, dorsal view.
FIGURE 7. Andrena menahemella n in Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel—a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees
FIGURE 7. Andrena menahemella n. sp., female (A–D) and male (E–H): A, E, habitus, lateral view; B, F, head, anterior view; C, G, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D, H, metasoma, dorsal view.
FIGURE 4. Andrena palaestina n in Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel—a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees
FIGURE 4. Andrena palaestina n. sp., female (A–D) and male (E–H): A, E, habitus, lateral view; B, F, head, anterior view; C, H, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D, metasoma, dorsal view; G, base of flagellum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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