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82 results for “Mediterranean sponge”
Fig. 3 in Rare sponges from marine caves: discovery of Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp. (Demospongiae, Corallistidae) from Sardinia with an annotated checklist of Mediterranean lithistids
Fig. 3. Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp., holotype MSNG 54599, spicular complement. A. Dichotriaene. B. Cladome of a tubercled dichotriaene (top view). C. Streptaster/amphiaster microscleres with tubercles. D. Cladome of a smooth dichotriaene (top view). E. Dicranoclone desma. F. Styles/sub-tylostyles.
Fig. 2 in Rare sponges from marine caves: discovery of Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp. (Demospongiae, Corallistidae) from Sardinia with an annotated checklist of Mediterranean lithistids
Fig. 2. Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp., holotype MSNG 54599, photomicrographs of the skeletal architecture and spicular complement. A-C. Subectosomal skeletal network of dicranoclone desmas. D. Dichotriaene (top) and simple triaene (bottom, arrows) radially arranged in the ectosome with tubercled cladomes. E. Articulation among desmas with scattered styles/sub-tylostyles in the sub-ectosome. F. Detail showing the arrangement of silica in dicranoclone desmas (cross section) and styles/sub-tylostyles (arrows). G-I. Streptaster/amphiaster microscleres with spines/tubercles.
Fig. 1 in Rare sponges from marine caves: discovery of Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp. (Demospongiae, Corallistidae) from Sardinia with an annotated checklist of Mediterranean lithistids
Fig. 1. Habitus of the cave-dwelling Mediterranean Neophrissospongia nana nov. sp. from north-western Sardinia. A. In situ plate-like growth form in the type locality Grotta delle Terrazze (photo by R. Barbieri), B. Holotype MSNG 54599 (top view) (photo by G. Delitala).
FIG. 4 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea
FIG. 4. — Molecular phylogenetic tree based on a comparison of 28S rRNA sequences from 22 species. The topology is a consensus bootstrap neighbour-joining tree obtained after 500 bootstrap replicates with Haplosclerida as outgroup. Bootstrap proportions are shown above internal branches. Distances were calculated using Kimura method. Abbreviations: Ageoro, Agelas oroides; Ancten, Anchinoe tenacior; Asbhyp, Asbestopluma hypogea; Axidam, Axinella damicornis; Choren, Chondrosia reniformis; Cinsch, Cinachyrella schulzei; Cormas, Corallistes masoni; Dispol, Discodermia polydiscus; Eryeua, Erylus euastrum; Halpan, Halichondria panicea; Pacpat, Pachastrissa pathologica; Pacjoh, Pachymatisma johnstoni; Penhel, Penares helleri; Petfic, Petrosia ficiformis; Poecom, Poecillastra compressa; Renful, Reniera fulva; Renmuc, Reniera mucosa; Spogen, Spongosorites genitrix; Strmuc, Stryphnus mucronatus; Thycon, Thymosiopsis conglomerans; Thycut, Thymosiopsis cuticulatus; Thygue, Thymosia guernei.
FIG. 1. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea
FIG. 1. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n. sp.; A, holotype in situ, 17 m depth; B, view of the surface of the holotype, with reticulation of low ridges and epizoic bryozoan (Scrupocellaria sp.); C, section through the paratype (surface of the sponge on the left); D, thin polished section in the paratype, with the ectosome on the left, canals, and numerous debris of foreign origin. Scale bars: B, 1 mm; C, 14.3 mm; D, 1.4 mm.
FIG. 2. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea
FIG. 2. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n. sp.; A, semi-thin section through the ectosome; B, semi-thin section through the choanosome; C, TEM view of a choanocyte chamber; D, enlargement of a part of semi-thin section B; E, choanocyte; F, spherulous cell. Abbreviations: a, foreign body (calcareous alga); ap, aphodus; b, bacteria; c, canal; cc, choanocyte chamber; g, granular cell; n, nucleus; s, spherulous cell; v, vacuolar cell; vc, vacuolar cells near the pinacocyte layer of the canal. Scale bars: A, D, 16 µm; B, 58 µm; C, 3.2 µm; E, F, 1 µm.
F. 5. — 1 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea
F. 5. — 1, Thymosiosterol; 2, ∆24 thymosiosterol; 3, main sterol of T. conglomerans; 4, pulchrasterol.
FIG. 6 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea
FIG. 6. — Thymosia guernei Topsent, specimen from Portugal. Semi-thin section through the choanosome. Abbreviations: ca, canal; cc, choanocyte chamber; f, spongin fibre; sc, spherulous cell. Scale bar: 34 µm.
Data from: A NGS approach to the encrusting Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): transcriptome sequencing, characterization and overview of the gene expression along three life cycle stages
Sponges can be dominant organisms in many marine and freshwater habitats where they play essential ecological roles. They also represent a key group to address important questions in early metazoan evolution. Recent approaches for improving knowledge on sponge biological and ecological functions as well as on animal evolution have focused on the genetic toolkits involved in ecological responses to environmental changes (biotic and abiotic), development and reproduction. These approaches are possible thanks to newly available, massive sequencing technologies–such as the Illumina platform, which facilitate genome and transcriptome sequencing in a cost-effective manner. Here we present the first NGS (next-generation sequencing) approach to understanding the life cycle of an encrusting marine sponge. For this we sequenced libraries of three different life cycle stages of the Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans and generated de novo transcriptome assemblies. Three assemblies were based on sponge tissue of a particular life cycle stage, including non-reproductive tissue, tissue with sperm cysts and tissue with larvae. The fourth assembly pooled the data from all three stages. By aggregating data from all the different life cycle stages we obtained a higher total number of contigs, contigs with blast hit and annotated contigs than from one stage-based assemblies. In that multi-stage assembly we obtained a larger number of the developmental regulatory genes known for metazoans than in any other assembly. We also advance the differential expression of selected genes in the three life cycle stages to explore the potential of RNA-seq for improving knowledge on functional processes along the sponge life cycle.
Data from: Genetic diversity of the imperiled bath sponge Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 across the Mediterranean Sea: patterns of population differentiation and implications for taxonomy and conservation
The Mediterranean bath sponge Spongia officinalis is an iconic species with high socio-economic value and imperiled present and future status due to unregulated harvesting, mortality incidents and lack of established knowledge regarding its ecology. This study aims to assess genetic diversity and population structure of the species at different geographic sectors and levels of geographic distance along its distribution. For this purpose, 11 locations in the eastern Mediterranean (Aegean Sea), western Mediterranean (Provence coast), and the Strait of Gibraltar were sampled; specimens were analysed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, along with a set of 8 microsatellite loci. According to our results (i) no genetic differentiation exists among the acknowledged Mediterranean morphotypes and presumably S. officinalis can be viewed as a single, morphologically variable species; (ii) a notable divergence was recorded in the Gibraltar region, indicating the possible existence of a cryptic species; (iii) restriction to gene flow was evidenced between the Aegean Sea and Provence giving two well-defined regional clusters, thus suggesting the existence of a phylogeographic break between the two systems; (iv) low levels of genetic structure, not correlated to geographic distance, were observed inside geographic sectors, implying mechanisms (natural or anthropogenic) that enhance dispersal and gene flow, promoting population connectivity; (v) the genetic diversity of S. officinalis is maintained high in most studied locations despite pressure from harvesting and the influence of devastating epidemics. These findings provide a basis towards the effective conservation and management of the species.
FIGURE 1 in Loxosomella almugnecarensis n. sp. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) — a new sponge epizoite from the Iberian Mediterranean Sea
FIGURE 1. Loxosomella almugnecarensis Drawings depicting the live holotype in frontal view (A) and in dorsal view (B). Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Loxosomella almugnecarensis n. sp. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) — a new sponge epizoite from the Iberian Mediterranean Sea
FIGURE 2. Photographs of live individuals of A, Loxosomella almugnecarensis and B, Loxosomella pes (Schmidt) collected on the coast of Granada province, showing the difference in calyx shape and size of the tentacle crown. Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURE 29 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURE 29. Spongia zimocca (collected from Naxos Island at 60m depth). Spherical choanocyte chamber 20 μm in diameter, choanocyte cells with characteristic shape and the collar of microvilli surrounding the flagellum.
FIGURES 17–20. Spongia zimocca.17 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 17–20. Spongia zimocca.17, End of primary fibers in a Tunisian specimen. 18, Primary and secondary fibers from a Libyan sponge. 19, Primary and secondary fibers from a Tunisian specimen. 20, Secondary fiber from a sponge collected near Agathonissi, at 60m depth.
FIGURES 7–9. Spongia zimocca. 7 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 7–9. Spongia zimocca. 7, Compact form found between Cape Sounion and Aegina Island. 8, Specimen LMJG 15470 from the Graz Museum collection. 9, Sponges harvested by gagava trawler from Posidonia beds.
FIGURES 14–16. Spongia zimocca. 14 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 14–16. Spongia zimocca. 14, Sponge just harvested from Astipalea Island (ca. 18m depth.). 15, SEM of conules with pinacodermal membrane carrying many foreign structures. 16, Primary fiber surrounded by a dense network of secondary fibers in a specimen from Libya.
FIGURES 4–6. Spongia zimocca. 4, Form A sponges harvested from Libya. 5 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 4–6. Spongia zimocca. 4, Form A sponges harvested from Libya. 5, Characteristic specimen from Tunisia (upper surface). 6, Characteristic specimen from Tunisia (surface of attachment).
FIGURES 1–3. Spongia zimocca. 1 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 1–3. Spongia zimocca. 1, Map showing in red the species' distribution in the Mediterranean Sea (Greece: Aegean Sea, Dodekanissos, Cyclades, Crete, Ionian Sea, Laconia / Egypt / Libya / Tunisia). 2, Compact sponge from Libya, with flat to slightly lobose upper surface. 3, Specimen harvested from Tunisia.
FIGURES 27–28. Spongia zimocca. 27 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 27–28. Spongia zimocca. 27, Secondary and pseudo-tertiary fibers of a specimen from Aegean Sea deep waters (60–70 m). 28, Primary fiber protruding from the conule of a sponge harvested at Anafi Island in 2009.
FIGURES 21–26. Spongia zimocca. 21 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 21–26. Spongia zimocca. 21, Secondary fibers of a sample collected from Egypt. 22, Secondary fibers from a specimen obtained from shallow depths between Cape Sounion and Aegina Island. 23, Secondary fibers of a sample collected at great depth from the Aegean Sea. 24, Pseudo-tertiary fibers of a specimen collected from Libya. 25, Pseudo-tertiary fibers from a North African specimen. 26, Pseudo-tertiary fibers of a sample collected at great depth from the Aegean Sea.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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