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54 results for “Megacities”
On-road traffic emission over megacity Delhi
<p>This dataset presents an estimate of hourly gridded on-road traffic exhaust emission of PME, BC, OM, CO, NOx, VOC, NH3, N2O and CH4, for the megacity Delhi (National Capital Territory of Delhi) for 2018 at a spatial resolution of 100m×100m. This dataset is presented as a netDCF covering the rectangular domain around National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. </p>
Dateset on 'Disentangling associations of human wellbeing with green infrastructure, degree of urbanity, and social factors around an Asian megacity'
<p>The data was collected a part of the baseline survey on household socio-economics among the Bengalurian along the rural-urban interface. </p>
Water-soluble iron in PM2.5 in winter over six Chinese megacities: distributions, sources, and environmental implications
<p>We collected winter PM2.5 samples simultaneously in six Chinese megacities for analyzing ws‐Fe contents and speciation.</p>
Output Data for "Effective adaptation options to alleviate nuisance flooding in coastal megacities – learning from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"
<p>This data repository pertains to the research article "Effective adaptation options to alleviate nuisance flooding in coastal megacities - learning from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam" by Leon Scheiber, Nivedita Sairam, Mazen Hoballah Jalloul, Kasra Rafiezadeh Shahi, Christian Jordan, Jan Visscher, Tara Evaz Zadeh, Laurens J.N. Oostwegel, Danijel Schorlemmer, Ngo Thanh Son, Hong Nguyen Quan, Torsten Schlurmann, Matthias Garschagen, Heidi Kreibich, published in Earth’s Future, 2024.</p> <p>The provided output data comprise:<br>- Risk Components (incl. inundation depths, exposed households and building values as well as relative losses)<br>- Expected Annual Damage (incl. 25/50/75th percentiles)<br>- Annually Affected Households </p> <p> </p>
Native fauna interact differently with native and alien trees in a tropical megacity
<p>These data files contain data collected on the interaction of urban avian and mammalian pollinators in Bengaluru, India. These data were collected on 8 species each of native and alien tree species in the city. Animals interacting with the trees were observed from December 2019 to March 2020. The observations were made by two observers and classified into various categories like pollination, nectar theft, flower depredation or merely occupancy of the trees. Data on the various tree characteristics like the height and floral display sizes are also included. </p> <p>Apart from the files that summarise the raw data, here we have also uploaded R files that were used for the data analyses.</p> <p>Each of the fields in the dataset are explained in more detail in the annotation word file.</p>
GLOBAL WARMING: FEATURES AND IMPACT ON LIFE IN MEGACITIES
<p>The article considers one of the key factors affecting the climate - human activity. First of all, it is associated with emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which creates a kind of greenhouse above the surface of the planet. The second factor is related to excess solar energy, which has accumulated over millions of years in oil, gas, coal, peat and other fossil hydrocarbons. Particular attention in the study is paid to those problems and methods of solution that can help or weaken global warming.</p>
Data from: Urbanization alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant-pollinator networks in a tropical megacity
<p><span>Urbanization is a major driver of biodiversity change but how it interacts with spatial and temporal gradients to influence the dynamics of plant-pollinator networks is poorly understood, especially in tropical urbanization hotspots. Here, we analyzed the drivers of environmental, spatial, and temporal turnover of plant-pollinator interactions (interaction β-diversity) along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, a South Indian megacity. The compositional turnover of plant-pollinator interactions differed more between seasons and with local urbanization intensity than with spatial distance, suggesting that seasonality and environmental filtering were more important than dispersal limitation for explaining plant-pollinator interaction β-diversity. Furthermore, urbanization amplified the seasonal dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions, with stronger temporal turnover in urban compared to rural sites, driven by greater turnover of native non-crop plant species (not managed by people). Our study demonstrates that environmental, spatial, and temporal gradients interact to shape the dynamics of plant-pollinator networks and urbanization can strongly amplify these dynamics. </span></p>
Data from: Urbanization alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant-pollinator networks in a tropical megacity
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Dataset to study "Disentangling ecosystem services perceptions from blue infrastructure around a rapidly expanding megacity"
<p>This dataset includes the raw data of a survey of 536 local residents along two rural-urban gradients around Bengaluru, India. The dataset sheet presents respondents' socio-demographic characteristics (village, village stratum, gender, age education, religion, length of residence, caste, occupation). It then displays Likert-scale answers, ranging from 1 ("not important" to 5 ("very important"), on agreement about the importance of water-filled and dry lakes (shown on photographs) for the provision of the respective ecosystem services and disservices, based on their livelihood needs and experiences. It then shows the answers to open questions on challenges and management options regarding lakes. The complete method is described in: Plieninger, T., Thapa, P., Bhaskar, D., Nagendra, H., Torralba, M., & Zoderer, B. M. (2022): Disentangling ecosystem services perceptions from blue infrastructure around a rapidly expanding megacity. Landscape and Urban Planning, in press.</p>
Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity
Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity and food security, as expanding cities, especially in the Global South, increasingly compete with natural and agricultural lands. However, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity in tropical regions is overlooked. Here we assessed how urbanization affects the functional response of farmland bees, the most important pollinators for crop production. We sampled bees across three seasons in 36 conventional vegetable-producing farms spread along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, an Indian megacity. We investigated how landscape and local environmental drivers affected different functional traits (sociality, nesting behaviour, body size and specialization) and functional diversity (functional dispersion) of bee communities. We found that the functional responses to urbanization were trait specific with more positive than negative effects of grey area (sealed surfaces and buildings) on species richness, functional diversity and abundance of most functional groups. As expected, larger, solitary, cavity-nesting, and surprisingly, specialist bees benefitted from urbanization. In contrast to temperate cities, the abundance of ground-nesters increased in urban areas, presumably because larger patches of bare soil were still available besides roads and buildings. However, overall bee abundance and the abundance of social bees (85% of all bees) decreased with urbanization, threatening crop pollination. Crop diversity promoted taxonomic and functional diversity of bee communities. Locally, flower resources promoted the abundance of all functional groups, and natural vegetation could maintain diverse pollinator communities throughout the year, especially during the non-cropping season. However, exotic plants decreased functional diversity and bee specialization. To safeguard bees and their pollination services in urban farms, we recommend (1) to preserve semi-natural vegetation (hedges) around cropping fields to provide nesting opportunities for above-ground nesters, (2) to promote farm-level crop diversification of beneficial crops (e.g., pulses, vegetables and spices), (3) to maintain native natural vegetation along field-margins, (4) to control and remove invasive exotic plants that disrupt native plant-pollinator interactions. Overall, our results suggest that urban agriculture can maintain functionally diverse bee communities and, if managed in a sustainable manner, can be used to develop win-win solutions for biodiversity conservation of pollinators and food security in and around cities.
Exploring the HONO source during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity in China
<p>HONO concentrations were measured using an atmospheric HONO online detector (TiH300, Focused Photonics., China). An automatic weather station (QXZ1.0, Yigu Technologies, China) was used to observe temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, and wind speed. PM<sub>2.5</sub> was analyzed using a tapered element oscil-lating microbalance (Model 1400a, Thermo Electron, USA). Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) was monitored using UV absorption (TE, Model 49i, Waltham, USA), while carbon monoxide (CO) was quantified using a gas filter correlation/non-dispersive infrared analyzer (TE, Model 48i, Waltham,USA). Nitrogen oxides (NO-NO<sub>2</sub>-NO<em><sub>x</sub></em>) were measured using an ammonia analyzer (AQMS-650, Focused Photonics, China). Photolysis rates of HCHO, NO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NO–3, and HONO were measured using an atmospheric photolysis rate analyzer (PFS-100, Focused Photonics, China). An ambient ion monitor (URG-9000D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used to obtain the hourly mass concentrations of NO–3.</p>
Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity
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Temporal characteristics and potential sources of black carbon in megacity Shanghai, China-Data
<p>These data are associated with the research publication with the same title (Temporal characteristics and potential sources of black carbon in megacity Shanghai, China), published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.</p> <p>The dataset includes hourly and daily black carbon concentrations observed in Shanghai, China and their contribution from liquid fuel, biomass, and coal. The dataset also includes the source data used to produce figures (Figure 2 to Figure 7) in the article. See the associated article for details.</p>
Dataset for "Chemistry of Atmospheric Fine Particles during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Megacity of Eastern China"
<p>Original data for the air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hangzhou, China</p>
Data from: Adaptive trait divergence of annual plants in response to urban habitat diversity in a megacity
<p>Data from the common garden experiment, field environmental factors, and data for Qst-Fst comparisons.</p>
Dataset of Evaluating the effects of biomass burning on severe haze formation in a megacity of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China
<p><span>This dataset contain the concentrations of different chemical compositions, including organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, BC, etc. The time series of different OA sources and meteorological parameters are also contained in the dataset.</span></p>
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland birds along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity
<p>Urbanization is a major driver of land use change and biodiversity decline. While most of the ongoing and future urbanization hot spots are located in the Global South, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity and associated functions and services in these regions has widely been neglected. Additionally, most studies assess biodiversity responses at local scale (α-diversity), however, ecosystem functioning is strongly determined by compositional and functional turnover of communities (β-diversity) at regional scales. We investigated taxonomic and functional β-diversity of farmland birds across three seasons on 36 vegetable farms spread along a continuous urbanization gradient in Bangalore, a South Indian megacity. Increasing amount of grey area in the farm surroundings was the dominant driver affecting β-diversity and resulting in taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland bird communities. Functional diversity losses were higher than expected from species declines (i.e. urbanization acts as an environmental filter), with particular losses of functionally important groups such as insectivores of crop pests. Moreover, urbanization reduced functional redundancy of bird communities, which may further weaken ecosystems resilience to future perturbations. Our study underscores urbanization as a major driver of taxonomic and functional homogenization of species communities in agricultural systems, potentially threatening crucial ecosystem services for food production.</p>
Atmospheric H2O2 during haze episodes in a Chinese megacity: concentration, sources, and implication on sulfate production-Date
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Amplified secondary organic aerosol formation induced by anthropogenic–biogenic interactions in forests around megacities
<p>The measured data for the manuscript "Amplified secondary organic aerosol formation induced by anthropogenic–biogenic interactions in forests around megacities "</p>
Data for Measurement report: Diurnal variations of brown carbon during two distinct seasons in a megacity in Northeast China
<p>Data described in the manuscript "Measurement report: Diurnal variations of brown carbon during two distinct seasons in a megacity in Northeast China" submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.