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Fig. 1. Type RNHL 1809 in Extinction of Japan's first formally described earthworm (Horst, 1883) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae).

Fig. 1. Type RNHL 1809 of Amynthas japonicus in Leiden (courtesy of J. Bleeker Sept., 2016). This is the only known specimen and image of this Japanese species (cf. M. sieboldi – http://www. geocities.jp/at_mocha/mimizu/sieboldi-3.html).

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Fig. 3 in Extinction of Japan's first formally described earthworm (Horst, 1883) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae).

Fig. 3. Historical Nagasaki (with Dejima island) around the time of collection (from Siebold's Nippon, 1897; archive.org/ details/nipponarchivzur00siebgoog Wikipedia CC-BY).

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Fig. 2 in Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 2. Amynthas carnosus: upper Goto & Hatai's original fig. 4; lower Ph. kyamikia Kobayashi, 1934, figs. 1-3 (as exactly similar in syns. youngtai and sangyeoli).

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Fig. 1 in Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 1. Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) NSMT An435 Neotype showing prostomium, ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates in situ (GM=Genital Marking with internal glands); also septal glands on dorsal blood vessel and intestinal caecum (Ihs=left side).

Fig. 8. A in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 8. A.?Amynthas gracilis gracilis spermatheca from 7rhs, male field and caeca from 27rhs; B. Amynthas gracilis insularum sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium and pygidium, spermathecae, prostate in situ and caecum in 27 with [boxed] enlargement of male pore 18lhs.

Fig. 12 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 12. Amynthas simplex sp. nov. H. Ventral view with prostomium and pygidium, spermathecae and prostates in situ; caeca 27rhs.

Fig. 13 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 13. Metaphire haenyeo sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium and pygidium, spermathecae, prostate and caecum in situ with [boxed] enlargement of male pore 18lhs].

Fig. 16. A in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 16. A Eisenia fetida/andrei specimen providing DNA sample (WM18) ventral view plus prostomium, calciferous glands in 11 & 12, some nephridia (13 & 20) and the spermathecae in situ in 9 & 10; lateral views show pale patch near 9 and tubercula pubertates in 28-31. B Eisenia fetida/andrei specimen providing DNA sample (WO7=w62) for comparison.

Fig. 1 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 1. Drawida anchingiana halla sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect, prostomium; gizzards and reproductive organs with [boxed] enlargment of male pore.

Fig. 7 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 7. Amynthas corticis saeseum sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium, spermathecae (those on lhs from P1), gland in 18 and caeca in situ with [boxed] enlargement of spermathecae from H and P1 and of male area 18rhs].

Fig. 14 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 14. Metaphire quelparta seogwipo sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium, spermathecae, prostate and caecum in situ.

Fig. 11 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 11. Amynthas phaselus phaselus (Hatai, 1930: 659). Ventral view with prostomium, spermathecae and prostates in situ; caeca 27rhs shown with lymph glands on dorsal blood vessel; [boxed are enlargemnts of spermathecal and male pore in 7/8rhs and 18rhs].

Fig. 10 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 10. Amynthas phaselus maculosus (Hatai, 1930: 661). Ventral view with prostomium, spermathecae and prostates in situ; caeca 27rhs.

Fig. 6 in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 6. Amynthas aucklandis sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; prostomium and pygidium, spermathecae, prostate and caecum in situ with [boxed] enlargement of male pore 18lhs].

Fig. 9. A in Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea)-Quelpart Island revisited

Fig. 9. A. Amynthas masatakae specimen showing ventral aspect; prostomium, spermathecae and prostate duct in situ and caecum in 27; providing DNA (w28b). B. Amynthas tralfamadore showing spermathecae and prostate duct in situ plus caecum in 27 (w29). C. A. tralfamadore second specimen providing DNA (w30).

Fig. 10. A in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 10. A. corticis - Ohfuchi's (1937: fig. 4) three representative forms of his 'P. heteropoda' from Japan that is now a synonym of A. corticis. However, the central figure agrees almost exactly with A. diffringens types (as described herein) having markings just above spermathecal pores (Fig. 9) while the outer two specimens seem to agree with those A. corticis Korean specimens figured that provided DNA sample WO4- WO5 (Figs. 1, 5).

Fig. 6 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 6. Amynthas corticis - specimen from Incheon (NIBRIV261267, DNA sample w59) with enlargements of main characteristics; [boxed are sketches of GMs of two other sympatric specimens - IV261270]. The unusual arrangement of GMs around male pores suggested a new taxon but DNA did not differ from other A. corticis specimens (Fig. 1; Appendix and cf. A. hongkongensis, A. hatomajimensis and A. cruxus).

Fig. 5 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 5. Amynthas corticis - specimen from Korea (DNA sample WO4) showing X2 enlargement of aberrant spermatheca and the male pore 18rhs; second specimen (DNA sample WO5) and [boxed] the male pore 18rhs of third specimen (DNA WO6). Note: these specimens with superficially different GMs comply genetically (see Fig. 1 and cf Fig. 10).

Fig. 12 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 12. Amynthas fornicatus showing Gates' (1935: figs. 5-6) most uninformative and irrelevant details of spermathecae invoking adage "missing the forest for the trees".

Fig. 3. A in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 3. A. carnosus - sketch of Hikone specimen (Tokyo An-460 - DNA JET-112) showing ventral view of anterior and dorsal views of prostomium, clitellum and flared male pores posteriorly (other specimen An-461 and JET samples 113-115 agreed 100%). This specimen resembles P. pingi (cf Fig. 11) but its DNA agrees with A. carnosus (as in Fig. 1).