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84 results for “Meridion”
AMOC reconstruction between 1981 and 2016 from hydrographic data using an empirical linear regression model from Worthington, E. L., Moat, B. I., Smeed, D. A., Mecking, J. V., Marsh, R., and McCarthy, G. D.: A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline, Ocean Sci., 17, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021, 2021.
<p>Dataset used to create Figure 8 in Worthington et al., 2021 (https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021). Details of the data and methods can be found in the journal article.<br> <br> Worthington, E. L., Moat, B. I., Smeed, D. A., Mecking, J. V., Marsh, R., and McCarthy, G. D.: A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline, Ocean Sci., 17, 285–299, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021">https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021</a>, 2021.</p>
Lagrangian Decomposition of the Meridional Heat Transport at 26.5N - Water Parcel Crossings of the RAPID 26.5N Array
<p>This dataset contains the initial and final positions and properties of Lagrangian trajectories evaluated using 5-day mean velocity and tracer fields output from the ORCA0083-N06 ocean sea-ice model hindcast (1958-2015). Numerical water parcels are initialised to sample the full-depth southward transport across the RAPID 26.5N array every month during 2004-2015. Water parcels are advected backwards-in-time using a bespoke version of TRACMASS v7.1 Lagrangian particle tracking tool which enables users to specify a custom domain using a mask netCDF file.</p><p>Particles are initialised on the first-available day of each month (based on the centre of the model 5-day mean field windows) between 2004 and 2015 (inclusive) before being advected backwards-in-time within the North Atlantic Ocean until any one of four termination conditions are met: (1) water parcels reach the RAPID 26.5N array, (2) water parcels reach the OSNAP (West or East) arrays in the subpolar North Atlantic, (3) water parcels reach either the English Channel or Gibraltar Strait, or (4) particles reach the maximum advection time of 25-years. The 25-year maximum advection time ensures that we adequately resolve the subtropical gyre circulation north to the RAPID 26.5N array. The pathway transporting dense North Atlantic Deep Water from the OSNAP arrays to RAPID at 26.5N is not fully resolved in this Lagrangian experiment since these water parcels transit on multi-decadal timescales.</p><p>The number of water parcels initialised in each model-grid cell scales with the total northward transport through that cell, such that the maximum possible transport conveyed by any single particle is 5.0 mSv (mSv == 10-3 Sv), enabling the calculation of robust Lagrangian statistics. In reality, the average. water parcel has an associated volume transport of 3.3 mSv which is conserved throughout its circulation.</p><p>Water parcel locations (converted to geographical coordinates) and properties (conservative temperature, absolute salinity, potential density [TEOS-10]) are output on every model-grid cell crossing. TRACMASS determines particle properties on grid-cell crossings by taking the average of the properties stored at the nearest two T-grid points. Here, we provide the initial and final locations and properties of all water parcels initialised from RAPID 26.5N.</p><p>All Lagrangian experiments were completed using the JASMIN High-Performance Computing facility (<a href="https://jasmin.ac.uk">https://jasmin.ac.uk</a>).</p><p><strong>For a complete description of the ORCA0083-N06 hindcast configuration see:</strong> Moat et al. (2016).</p><p><strong>For a complete description of TRACMASS v7.1 see</strong>: <a href="https://www.tracmass.org">https://www.tracmass.org</a></p>
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Near 41N from Altimetry and Argo Observations
<p>Updated Jan 17, 2024 to include estimates through calendar year 2024.</p> <p>These files contain an estimate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) volume and heat transports, computed using observations of temperature, salinity and subsurface velocity from the Argo array of profiling floats (DOI: 10.17882/42182#116315), and satellite-based observations of sea level from altimetry (DOI: 10.48670/moi-00148 and DOI: 10.48670/moi-00149). The estimates are computed using the techniques of Willis (2010) and Hobbs and Willis (2012). In addition, estimates of wind stress at the surface were estimated from European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast, ERA5 analysis (DOI: 10.24381/cds.143582cf).</p> <p>Note that in all files, although there are 12 time-steps per year, each time step represents a 3-month average, so the time series is over sampled.</p> <p>The .txt file contains comma separated values of the time series, with 1 header line and the following columns, estimated as in Willis (2010) and Hobbs and Willis (2012): </p> <p>Column 1: Decimal year</p> <p>Column 2: Ekman Volume Transport (Sverdrups)</p> <p>Column 3: Northward Geostrophic Transport (Sverdrups)</p> <p>Column 4: Meridional Overturning Volume Transport (Sverdrups)</p> <p>Column 5: Meridional Overturning Heat Transport (PetaWatts)</p> <p>The file called “trans_Argo_ERA5.nc” contains an estimate of the geostrophic transport as a function of latitude, longitude, depth and time, for the upper 2000 m for latitudes near 41 N in the Atlantic Ocean, estimated as described in Willis (2010). Also included are Ekman Transport and Overturning Transport as functions of time and latitude for this region.</p> <p>The file called “Q_ARGO_obs_dens_2000depth_ERA5.nc” contains estimates of heat transport for these regions based on various assumptions about the temperature of the ocean at depths unmeasured by the Core Argo array (depths below 2000m), estimated as described in Hobbs and Willis (2012). These assumptions are described in the variable “Hpar”.</p> <p> </p> <p>If you use these data please cite:</p> <p>Willis, J. K., and Hobbs, W. R., Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Near 41N from Altimetry and Argo Observations. Dataset access [YYYY-MM-DD] at 10.5281/zenodo.8170366.</p> <p> </p> <p>References & Acknowledgements:</p> <p>Hobbs, W. R., and J. K. Willis (2012), Midlatitude North Atlantic heat transport: A time series based on satellite and drifter data. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01008, doi:10.1029/2011JC007039.</p> <p>Willis, J. K. (2010), Can in situ floats and satellite altimeters detect long-term changes in Atlantic Ocean overturning?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06602, doi:10.1029/2010GL042372. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2010GL042372.shtml</p> <p>This study has been conducted using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information; <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00149">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00149</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148</a></p> <p> </p> <p>These data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it. (https://argo.ucsd.edu, https://www.ocean-ops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. “</p> <p>Argo (2000). Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC). SEANOE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17882/42182#116315">https://doi.org/10.17882/42182#116315</a><a name="_Hlk188024500"></a></p> <p>Hersbach, H., et al. (2017): Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.143582cf (Accessed on 24-Dec-2022)</p> <p> </p>
DATA (part 2): Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations
<p>Data used for the peer-reviewed article published in the Journal of Climate, titled: "Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations."</p> <p>The publication is available at: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/aop/JCLI-D-21-0172.1/JCLI-D-21-0172.1.xml.</p> <p>The software developed for the data herein is available at: https://github.com/mariajmolina/climatico.</p>
DATA (part 1): Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations
<p>Data used for the peer-reviewed article published in the Journal of Climate, titled: "Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations."</p> <p>The publication is available at: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/aop/JCLI-D-21-0172.1/JCLI-D-21-0172.1.xml.</p> <p>The software developed for the data herein is available at: https://github.com/mariajmolina/climatico.</p>
Surface inherent optical properties and phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the Atlantic Meridional Transect (2009 - 2019): NetCDF format
<p>This dataset is a compilation of particulate inherent optical properties (IOPs) and co-incident high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) phytoplankton pigment concentrations measured underway on nine Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) cruises. The time period of data collection is 2009 - 2019, between Sep-Nov within each year, with measurements collected between approximately 50 degrees South to 50 degrees North. A separate netCDF file is provided for each cruise (AMT 19, and AMT 22-29), including particulate IOPs (absorption, scattering, beam attenuation), pigment concentrations, and associated metadata.</p> <p>A manuscript containing a full description of the dataset, including associated code, will soon be submitted to Earth System Science Data. A Jupytper notebook illustrating data access is provided at: https://github.com/tjor/AMT_ACSpaperplots/blob/main/AMT_DataAccess.ipynb.</p> <p>The data are also released in SeaBASS format: https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/PML/AMT</p>
Fig. 2 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 2. Lateral view of head, left side, showing the snout profile of Scleromystax reisi, holotype, MCP 49070, 49.3 mm SL (a), and S. salmacis, holotype, MCP 38388, 36.7 mm SL (b; modified from Britto & Reis, 2005: fig. 1).
Fig. 6 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 6. Scleromystax reisi, paratype, female, UFRGS 19189, 46.1 mm SL, Estação Experimental Agronômica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 1. Scleromystax reisi, holotype, male, MCP 49070, 49.3 mm SL, arroio Demétrio, Morungava, Gravataí, RS, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 5. Right pectoral spine of Scleromystax reisi, paratype, male, MNRJ 43857. Small, whiskerlike odontodes removed. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 8 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 8. Map of northern Rio Grande do Sul State and southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil, showing the distribution of Scleromystax reisi in the laguna dos Patos drainage (yellow symbols; star = type locality) and the distribution of S. salmacis (red symbols; triangle = first record to the rio Tramandaí drainage).
Fig. 4 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 4. Infraorbital series and adjacent cranial bones, lateral view, of: Scleromystax reisi, paratype, MNRJ 43857 (largest image, left side); a. S. salmacis, MCP 28729 (right side, flipped horizontally); b. S. macropterus, UFRJ 4442 (left side); c. S. prionotos, UFRJ 4428 (right side, flipped horizontally); d. S. barbatus, UFRJ 4440 (right side, flipped horizontally). Arrowheads showing ventral expansion of infraorbital 2. Solid lines detaching ventral margin of infraorbital 2 and bone sutures. Eye removed from specimens in a-d. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 3 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 3. Detail of dorsal view of cranium of Scleromystax reisi, paratype, female, MNRJ 43857 (top), and S. salmacis, male, MCP 28729 (bottom; flipped horizontally, left infraorbitals and suspensorium removed). Solid lines detaching limits of bone sutures. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 7 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest
Fig. 7. Scleromystax reisi, paratypes. Changes in the color pattern during early stages of the ontogenesis. MCP 48177, 13.5 mm SL (top); MCP 48178, 18.8 mm SL (middle); UFRGS 19191, 19.4 mm SL (bottom).
Tightly linked zonal and meridional sea surface temperature gradients over the past five million years
<p>Climatologies for the climate model simulations performed by Fedorov et al., Nature Geoscience, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2577">https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2577</a>. This table shows how the names of the simulation files provided in this dataset relate to the experiment names provided in Table S2 of Fedorov et al., (2015, Nature Geoscience). Note that experiments 1-26 are from Burls and Fedorov (2014) and published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762450">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762450</a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Experiment # in Article (Table S2)</strong></td> <td><strong>Name of Files</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td> <p>abrupt2xCO2_T31_gx3v7*.nc</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td> <p>abrupt4xCO2_T31_gx3v7*.nc</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td> <p>abrupt8xCO2_T31_gx3v7*.nc</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td> <p>abrupt16xCO2_T31_gx3v7*.nc</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Extended Exp 11</td> <td>40p_ILWP_1590deg_tropx2_T31_gx3v7*.nc</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Extended Exp 16</td> <td>60p_ILWP_1590deg_tropx4_T31_gx3v7*.nc</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Article abstract:</p> <p>The climate of the tropics and surrounding regions is defined by pronounced zonal (east–west) and meridional (equator to mid-latitudes) gradients in sea surface temperature. These gradients control zonal and meridional atmospheric circulations, and thus the Earth’s climate. Global cooling over the past five million years, since the early Pliocene epoch, was accompanied by the gradual strengthening of these temperature gradients. Here we use records from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, including a new alkenone palaeotemperature record from the South Pacific, to reconstruct changes in zonal and meridional sea surface temperature gradients since the Pliocene, and assess their connection using a comprehensive climate model. We find that the reconstructed zonal and meridional temperature gradients vary coherently over this time frame, showing a one-to-one relationship between their changes. In our model simulations, we systematically reduce the meridional sea surface temperature gradient by modifying the latitudinal distribution of cloud albedo or atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The simulated zonal temperature gradient in the equatorial Pacific adjusts proportionally. These experiments and idealized modelling indicate that the meridional temperature gradient controls upper-ocean stratification in the tropics, which in turn controls the zonal gradient along the equator, as well as heat export from the tropical oceans. We conclude that this tight linkage between the two sea surface temperature gradients posits a fundamental constraint on both past and future climates.</p>
Data for "Symmetric instability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation"
<p>Data for the DPhil thesis "Symmetric instability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation".</p>
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base
Turkish Straits System - Meridional Velocity
<p>Meridional Velocity daily mean estimates from a six-year simulation of Turkish Straits System (TSS) using high-resolution unstructured triangular mesh ocean model FESOM between 2008-2013. Other variables are provided separately.</p> <p>The mesh files are appended to the dataset for processing purposes.</p> <p>Aydogdu, A., Pinardi, N., Ozsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gurses, O., and Karspeck, A.: Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing, Ocean Sci., 14, 999-1019, doi:10.5194/os-14-999-2018, 2018.'</p>
Figs 11-15 in A new species of velvet mite from meridional South America of the genus Clavismaris (Acari, Erythraeoidea, Smarididae, Hirstiosomatinae)
Figs 11-15. Clavismaris maquine sp. nov. Figs 11, 14, 15, female ♀ (MCN ARA 1912); Figs 12, 13, ♀ (MCN ARA 1915): 11, dorsal scutum (only base of sensillary setae indicated); 12, genital opening; 13, anal opening; 14, anterior sensillary area; 15, posterior sensilary area (asa, anterior sensillary area; as, anterior sensilla; e, eye; psa, posterior sensillary area; ps, posterior sensilla). Scale bars: Figs 11, 12, 14, 15, 100 μm; Fig. 13, 50μm.
Figs 6-10 in A new species of velvet mite from meridional South America of the genus Clavismaris (Acari, Erythraeoidea, Smarididae, Hirstiosomatinae)
Figs 6-10. Clavismaris maquine sp. nov. Female holotype ♀ (MCN ARA 1912): 6, eye region and surrounding scobalae. Paratype ♂ (MCN ARA 1913): 7, idiosoma, ventral view; 8-10, genital sclerite in ventral view, respectively from distal plan to proximal plan of view (e, eye; mgs, male genital sclerite; psa, posterior sensillary area). Scale bars: Fig. 6, 50 μm; Fig. 7, 500μm; Figs 8-10, 200 μm.
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