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10 results for “Metrarabdotos”
Text-fig. 7. rigid erect bryozoans. A – colony perhaps belonging to Metrarabdotos and/or Smittina, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3321. B – erect rigid cyclostomatous bryozoans belonging perhaps to the genus Hornera, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3322. C – colony perhaps belonging to Myriapora, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3323. All photographs were taken under the optic microscope, all scale bars 1 mm. in The Priabonian Bryozoan-Decapod Association From The Borové Formation (The Ďurkovec Quarry, Ne Slovakia) And Its Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 7. rigid erect bryozoans. A – colony perhaps belonging to Metrarabdotos and/or Smittina, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3321. B – erect rigid cyclostomatous bryozoans belonging perhaps to the genus Hornera, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3322. C – colony perhaps belonging to Myriapora, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3323. All photographs were taken under the optic microscope, all scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in New records of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos from the Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), Pará State, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Metrarabdotos capanemensis sp. nov. 1. General view of a colony showing fertile and infertile zooecia. 2. Detail showing two maternal zooecia bearing complete ooecia, flat ordinary zooecia and a large special avicularium below the maternal zooid. 3. Some zooecia with paired, ordinary proximally located avicularia and one elongated special avicularium. Note the frontal shield with elliptical areolar pores and a median longitudinal keel. Scale bars equal 1: 1000 µm; 2-3: 200 µm. 1-3: MG-6303-I-t. Arrows indicate special avicularia.
FIGURE 3 in New records of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos from the Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), Pará State, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Metrarabdotos elongatum sp. nov. 1. General view of a fragment showing some fertile and infertile zooecia. 2. Detail of some zooecia showing orifice with median denticles, paired avicularia, and areolar pores. 3. Detail of the secondary orifices showing a median denticle and a pair of laterally ordinary avicularia. 4. Internal view of some zooecia showing tridenticulate orifices. 5. Detail of the branch edge showing zooecia with large ordinary avicularia. 6. A maternal zooid with complete ooecium and paired ordinary avicularia surrounded by zooecia, each with a special avicularium paired with an ordinary one, and by infertile zooecia with paired ordinary avicularia. Scale bars equal 1: 500 µm; 2, 4-5: 200 µm; 3: 20 µm; 6: 100 µm. 1, 6: MG-6303-I-i; 2: MG-6303-I-p; 3: MG-6303-I-s; 4: MG-6303-I-l; 5: MG- 6303-I-h.
FIGURE 2 in New records of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos from the Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), Pará State, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Metrarabdotos aquaeguttum sp. nov. 1. General view of the colony fragment with infertile and fertile zoecia. 2. Detail of a branch edge showing special and ordinary avicularia. 3. Detail of zooids adjacent to a maternal one showing orifice, special avicularium paired with an ordinary one, and part of the ooecium. 4. Detail of maternal zooid with a complete ooecium, ordinary avicularia, and a zooid adjacent to maternal one, with a special avicularium. Scale bars equal 1: 500 µm; 2: 100 µm; 3: 40 µm; 4: 200 µm. 1, 4: MG-6303-I-b; 2: MG-6303-I-c; 3: MG-6303-I-a.
FIGURE 1 in New records of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos from the Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), Pará State, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map of the study area showing the four outcrops (arrows).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Metrarabdotos (Bryozoa, Ascophora) from Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map showing the locations of the study areas in Brazil. 1. Sergipe State (10°45' S, 36°36' W); 2, Bahia State (18°06' S, 36°04' W); 3, Espírito Santo State (18°40' S, 38°28' W).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Metrarabdotos (Bryozoa, Ascophora) from Brazil
FIGURE 3. Metrarabdotos sergipensis sp. nov. (MNRJ-358). A, Part of the colony. B, Part of a branch with zooids. C, Ordinary and maternal zooids. D, Secondary orifices and ordinary avicularia. E, Peristome and condyles. F, Special avicularium with mandible. G, Special avicularium without mandible. H, Ovicell. Scalebars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D, 200 µm; E, 50 µm; F, G, H, 100 µm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Metrarabdotos (Bryozoa, Ascophora) from Brazil
FIGURE 2. Metrarabdotos unguiculatum (Canu & Bassler, 1928a) (MNRJ-349). A, Part of the colony with growing edge, autozooids and maternal zooids. B, Autozooids with ordinary avicularia and two maternal zooids. C, Detail of the mandible of an avicularium. Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, 100 µm.
Revisiting a landmark study-system: no evidence for a punctuated mode of evolution in Metrarabdotos
<p class="LO-normal">Is speciation generally a 'special time' in morphological evolution or are lineage splitting events just 'more of the same' where the end product happens to be two separate lineages? Data on evolutionary dynamics during anagenetic and cladogenetic events among closely related lineages within a clade are rare, but the fossil record of the bryozoan genus <i>Metrarabdotos </i>is considered a textbook example of a clade where speciation causes rapid evolutionary change against a backdrop of morphological stasis within lineages. Here, we point to some measurement theoretical and methodological issues in the original work on <i>Metrarabdotos. </i>We then reanalyze a subset of the original data that can be meaningfully investigated using similar quantitative statistical approaches as in the original studies. We consistently fail in finding variation in the evolutionary process during within-lineage evolution compared to cladogenetic events: Neither the rates of evolution, the strength of selection or the directions traveled in multivariate morphospace are different when comparing evolution within lineages and at speciation events in <i>Metrarabdotos</i>, and genetic drift cannot be excluded as a sufficient explanation for the morphological differentiation within lineages and during speciation. Although widely<i> </i>considered the best example of a punctuated mode of evolution, morphological divergence and speciation are not linked in <i>Metrarabdotos</i>.</p>
Revisiting a landmark study-system: no evidence for a punctuated mode of evolution in Metrarabdotos
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