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31 results for “Microbial respiration”
Microbial Bacterial Respiration in Lakes at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000 - 2002
Lake Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin. Bacterial respiration of bacteria passing a 70 micron mesh. Based on bacterial growth efficiency determined empirically on bacteria production and oxygen depletion on microbes passing a 1 micron mesh. All samples from integrated sample of epilimnion to thermocline or 12 meters, which ever was more shallow. Method based on Roland, F. and J. J. Cole. 1999. Regulation of bacterial growth efficiency in a large turbid estuary. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 20:31-38 Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 1
Microbial Planktonic Respiration in Lakes at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2001
Respiration of total plankton passing a 70 micron mesh, and bacteria passing a 1 micron mesh, calculated from loss of oxygen in lake water incubated at in situ temperatures. Oxygen concentration was determined using the Winkler reaction with azide modification. Final product concentration determined via spectrometry or titration with sodium thiosulfate. Titrations that may have overrun the endpoint were not included. The following equation for calculation of dissolved oxygen concentration from titration of Winkler end product with thiosulfate (from Wetzel, R. G. and G. E. Likens. 1991. Limnological Analyses, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York). Thiosulfate with a molarity of 0.20 N was used for all titrations. mg O2 L-1 = (ml titrant)*(molarity of thiosulfate)*(8000)/((ml of sample titrated)*((ml of bottle -3)/(ml of bottle))). The following equation is for calculation of dissolved oxygen calculation from spectophotometric analysis of Winkler reaction end product (from Roland, F., N. F. Caraco, J. J. Cole. 1999. Rapid and precise determination of dissolved organic oxygen by spectrophotometry: Evaluation of interference from color and turbidity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44(4):1148-1154). mg O2 L-1 = absorbance at 430 nm (in units of cm-1) * 8.1-0.41 Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 4
Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed: Dissolved organic carbon and microbial respiration measurements from biodegradable dissolved organic carbon incubations, summer 2021
This dataset contains dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial respiration measurements taken during lab incubations of water collected from the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW), with the goal of quantifying the proportion of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and microbial utilization of DOC. Incubations were conducted in June, July, and August 2021 using water from six stream sites throughout the CPCRW. Incubation experiments were designed to measure responses to carbon and nutrient additions as well as different temperatures.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Cumulative Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Daily Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Moist meadow microbial respiration data for Saddle, 1993.
The effects of C, N, and water amendments on microbial respiration were assessed at monthly intervals throughout the 1993 snow-free season in laboratory incubations of moist meadow soils collected from the T1M trace gas study plot on Niwot Ridge. Total respiration was quantified at daily intervals throughout each 10- to 12-day incubation using a base trap method.
Fig. 1 in Microbial Respiration of Organic Carbon in Freshwater Microcosms: The Potential for Improved Estimation of Microbial CO Emission from Organically Enriched Freshwater Ecosystems
Fig. 1. Densities (ordinate) of ciliates (N × 104 L–1) black bars, and densities of bacteria (N × 109 ml–1) grey bars; for Experiment One and Experiment Two with carbon-enriched (E) and control (C) preparations (abscissa).
Figure 1 in Soil quality, leaf litter quality, and microbial biomass interactively drive soil respiration in a microcosm experiment
Figure 1. Principal components analysis of (A) soil quality and (B) leaf litter quality across the experimental treatments (Table S1-2). Soil quality was quantified as a combination of soil pH, C, N, and C:N; leaf litter quality was quantified as a combination of leaf Ca, C, lignin, Mg, N, P, C:N, C:P, and N:P. Soil and leaf litter were collected from Hainich National Park, Germany.
Data for "Temporal and vertical variability in phytoplankton primary production and microbial community respiration in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre"
<p>This ALOHA_GOP&R.xslx data set provides measurements of biological rates conducted between April 2015 and July 2020 at different depths in the euphotic zone at or in the vicinity of Station ALOHA (22° 45' N, 158° W), the long-term sampling site of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. </p> <p>The file ALOHA_GOP&R.xslx contains incubation-based measurements of gross oxygen production and community respiration that were measured in the same incubation bottles by applying the <sup>18</sup>O-water method and tracking net changes in oxygen to argon ratios during dawn to dusk in situ incubations, following Ferrón et al. (2016). The samples were measured using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Rates were measured at 6 depths within the euphotic zone: 5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125 m, except in a few occasions in which there were no measurements made at 125 m.</p> <p>Data description</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Variable</p> </td> <td> <p>Description</p> </td> <td> <p>Units</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Date </p> </td> <td> <p>Date of sampling and start of incubation (UTC -10 hours)</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Cruise ID</p> </td> <td> <p>Cruise identification</p> </td> <td> <p>#</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Latitude</p> </td> <td> <p>Latitude</p> </td> <td> <p>degrees N</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Longitude</p> </td> <td> <p>Longitude</p> </td> <td> <p>degrees E</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Stn ALOHA </td> <td>Whether the data are from Station ALOHA (yes/no)</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>IncT</td> <td> <p>Incubation time</p> </td> <td> <p>hours</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Depth</p> </td> <td>Nominal depth of sampling and incubation </td> <td> <p>meters</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>GOP</td> <td>Gross oxygen production </td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>CR</td> <td>Estimate of community respiration </td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Flag GOP</p> </td> <td>Flag identification for gross oxygen production (good=1,questionable=2)</td> <td> <p>#</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Flag CR</p> </td> <td> <p>Flag identification for community respiration (good=1,questionable=2)</p> </td> <td> <p>#</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The Light-dark_ALOHA_rates.xlsx file contains metabolic rates measured by the ligth-dark oxygen method between June 2005 and June 2007 at different depths in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA (22° 45' N, 158° W). Rates of net community production, communnity respiration, and gross oxygen production were measured at 6 depths within the euphotic zone (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125 m) in dawn to dawn incubations, following Williams et al. (2004). </p> <p>Data description</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Variable</p> </td> <td> <p>Description</p> </td> <td> <p>Units</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>HOT</p> </td> <td>HOT cruise number</td> <td> <p>#</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Date</p> </td> <td>Date of sampling and start of incubation (UTC -10)</td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Depth</p> </td> <td>Nominal depth of sampling and incubation </td> <td> <p>meters</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>GOP</td> <td>Gross oxygen production, average of 8 replicates</td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>GOP SE</td> <td>Gross oxygen production standard error </td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>CR</td> <td> <p>Dark community respiration, average of 8 replicates</p> </td> <td> <p>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>CR SE</p> </td> <td>Dark community respiration standard error</td> <td> <p>meters</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>NCP</td> <td>Net community production,average of 8 replicates </td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>NCP SE</td> <td>Net community production standard error </td> <td>mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Productivity-driven decoupling of microbial carbon use efficiency and respiration across global soils
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Microbial Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2001
Microbial respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2001.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
Climate warming may stimulate microbial metabolism of soil carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology and/or community composition could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. Here, we measure microbial respiration rates for soils collected from 22 sites in each of three years, at locations spanning boreal to tropical climates. Respiration was measured in the laboratory with standard temperatures, moisture and excess carbon substrate, to allow physiological and community effects to be detected independent from the influence of these abiotic controls. Patterns in respiration for soils collected across the climate gradient are consistent with evolutionary theory on physiological responses that compensate for positive effects of temperature on metabolism. Respiration rates per unit microbial biomass were as much as 2.6-times higher for soils sampled from sites with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of -2.0 versus 21.7ºC. Subsequent 100-day incubations suggested differences in the plasticity of the thermal response among microbial communities, with communities sampled from sites with higher MAT having a more plastic response. Our findings are consistent with adaptive metabolic responses to contrasting thermal regimes that are also observed in plants and animals. These results may help build confidence in soil carbon-climate feedback projections by improving understanding of microbial processes represented in biogeochemical models.
Modeled microbial respiration in the hyporheic zones within the Columbia River Basin
<p><strong>This data includes inputs and outputs of a coupled carbon-nitrogen river corridor model (RCM) for the Columbia River Basin and sensitivity results with varying substrate concentrations. The detailed descriptions of the individual files are included in the readme.txt file. </strong></p>
Cyanobacterial- and moss-forming biocrusts consistently mitigate the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient
<p>1. Biocrusts are prevalent and participate in many soil organic carbon (C) processes in drylands. The predicted increase in aridity will expand the biocrust cover and significantly impact soil organic C dynamics. However, how biocrusts change soil organic C decomposition and what factors drive the effect in response to climate warming remains largely unknown at a continental scale.</p> <p>2. We measured microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) in bare soil lacking biocrusts and two universal biocrusted soils (cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil) from 43 sites across a precipitation gradient from 39 mm to 443 mm to evaluate the relative effects of biocrusts on Q10 and the driving forces in northern China's dryland.</p> <p>3. Microbial respiration increased and Q10 decreased with increasing precipitation in bare soil, cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil. Biocrusts positively affected microbial respiration, with a more substantial magnitude by moss crusts than cyanobacterial crusts. Biocrusts negatively impacted Q10, and the magnitudes were similar between moss and cyanobacterial crusts. Most importantly, the relative effects of biocrusts on microbial respiration and Q10 increased with decreasing precipitation.</p> <p>4. The positive effects of biocrusts on soil organic C content and microbial biomass carbon were positively correlated with the level of increased microbial respiration. Contrastingly, the magnitude of reduced Q10 was attributed to the biocrusts' positive effects on soil organic C quality and adverse effects on the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs (F: B).</p> <p>5. Our study provides strong evidence that biocrusts decrease the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in northern China's dryland. This result suggests that the predicted expanding biocrust cover is crucial for maintaining the soil organic C stability by buffering the positive impacts of climate warming on soil organic C decomposition in drylands.</p>
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
<p class="Heading-Main"><span>Tropical and subtropical forests represent the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Elucidating the carbon sources for soil microbial respiration (Rm) in tropical and subtropical forests is of fundamental importance to the global carbon cycle in a warming world. Based on hourly measurements, we quantified Rm of <em>in situ </em>forest soil and soil cores from a subtropical forest. We found recent photosynthates, not soil organic carbon (SOC), contributed 88% ± 12% of the carbon source fueling Rm. The control of recent photosynthates on Rm is also supported by the close relationship between Rm and photosynthetically active radiation as well as literature data synthesis results. These results challenge conventional models based on the tenet that Rm is mainly regulated by soil temperature in all forest ecosystems. The results imply that the widely observed warming-induced Rm increases are largely explained by the enhanced input of recent photosynthates in tropical forests, not SOC consumption.</span></p>
Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
<p>Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration</p>
Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms are essential for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microbial communities and functions may be linked to tree species composition and diversity, there has been no comprehensive study of how general these potential relationships are, or if they are context-dependent. Here, we examine tree diversity–soil microbial biomass and respiration relationships across environmental gradients using a global network of tree diversity experiments.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Global</p> <p><b>Time Period</b></p> <p>2013</p> <p><b>Major Taxa Studied</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>Soil samples collected from eleven tree diversity experiments in four biomes were used to measure microbial respiration, biomass, and respiratory quotient using the substrate-induced respiration method. All samples were measured using the same analytical device, method, and procedure to reduce measurement bias. We used linear mixed-effects models and PCA to examine the effects of tree diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic), environmental conditions, and interactions on soil microbial properties.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Abiotic drivers, mainly soil water content, but also soil carbon and soil pH, significantly increased soil microbial biomass and respiration. Optimal soil water content reduced the importance of other abiotic drivers. Tree diversity alone had no effect on the soil microbial properties, but interactions with phylogenetic diversity indicated that diversity effects are context-dependent and stronger in drier soils. Similar results were found for soil carbon and soil pH.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our results point to the importance of abiotic variables and especially soil water content for maintaining high levels of soil microbial functions and modulating the effects of other environmental drivers. Planting tree species with diverse water-use strategies and structurally complex canopies and high leaf area may crucial for maintaining high soil microbial biomass and respiration. Since higher phylogenetic distance alleviated unfavorable soil water conditions, reforestation efforts accounting for traits improving soil water content or choosing more phylogenetically distant species may assist in increasing soil microbial functions.</p>
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
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Sustainable land use enhances soil microbial respiration responses to experimental heat stress
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