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18 results for “Microclimate effects”
Microclimate temperature effects propagate across scales in forest ecosystems, Berchtesgaden National Park, Bavaria, Germany
Context: Forest canopies shape subcanopy environments, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Empirical forest microclimate studies are often restricted to local scales and short-term effects, but forest dynamics unfold at landscape scales and over long time periods. Objectives: We developed the first explicit and dynamic implementation of microclimate temperature buffering in a forest landscape model and investigated effects on simulated forest dynamics and outcomes. Methods: We adapted the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model iLand to use microclimate temperature for three processes [decomposition, bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) development, and tree seedling establishment]. We simulated forest dynamics with or without microclimate temperature buffering in a temperate European mountain landscape under historical climate and disturbance conditions.
Microclimate simulation output: "Between vision and action: the predicted effects of co-designed green infrastructure solutions on environmental burdens"
<p>The following microclimate simulation dataset supports the paper "Between vision and action: the predicted effects of co-designed green infrastructure solutions on environmental burdens" by Mathias Schaefer, published in Urban Ecosystems (2022).</p> <p>"T0Simulation_11082020_output" contains data about the status quo simulation of the area of interest (500 m x 500 m x 60 m), whereas "T1Simulation_11082020_output" shows the results of the Green Infrastructure scenario described in the research article above. Please ensure enough memory space on your device, as both files have a size of approximately 25 GB (unzipped).</p> <p>The output files can be visualized with the ENVI-met Leonardo extension. The ENVI-met LITE-version is freely available and can be downloaded at the <a href="https://envi-met.info/doku.php?id=files:download">ENVI-met homepage</a>. Alternatively, the included .NETCDF files can be imported as a multidimensional raster dataset in ArcGIS Pro.</p> <p>Files in the folder "atmosphere" represent meteorological parameters such as potential air temperature [°C], relative humidity [%], or wind speed [m/s]. Air pollution calculations like particulate matter concentrations [µg/m³] can be found in the folder "pollutants". The folder "buildings" contains building data for 3D visualizations of surface temperatures [°C].</p>
Microclimate Effects and Irrigation Water Requirement of Mesic, Oasis, and Xeric Landscapes
<p>This database provides the model input parameters and simulation files for Mesic, Oasis, and Xeric landscapes. </p>
Data from: Effects of microclimate on disease prevalence across an urbanization gradient
<p>Increased temperatures associated with urbanization (the "urban heat island" effect) have been shown to impact a wide range of traits across diverse taxa. At the same time, climatic conditions vary at fine spatial scales within habitats due to factors including shade from shrubs, trees, and built structures. Patches of shade may function as microclimate refugia that allow species to occur in habitats where high temperatures and/or exposure to ultraviolet radiation would otherwise be prohibitive. However, the importance of shaded microhabitats for interactions between species across urbanized landscapes remains poorly understood. Weedy plants and their foliar pathogens are a tractable system for studying how multiple scales of climatic variation influence infection prevalence. Powdery mildew pathogens are particularly well suited to this work, as these fungi can be visibly diagnosed on leaf surfaces. We studied the effects of shaded microclimates on rates of powdery mildew infection on <em>Plantago</em> host species in (1) "pandemic pivot" surveys in which undergraduate students recorded shade and infection status of thousands of plants along road verges in urban and suburban residential neighborhoods, (2) monthly surveys of plant populations in 22 parks along an urbanization gradient, and (3) a manipulative field experiment directly testing effects of shade on growth and transmission of powdery mildew. Together, our field survey results show strong positive effects of shade on mildew infection in wild <em>Plantago</em> populations across urban, suburban, and rural habitats. Our experiment suggests that this relationship is causal, where microclimate conditions associated with shade promote pathogen growth. Overall, infection prevalence increased with urbanization despite a negative association between urbanization and tree cover at the landscape scale. These findings highlight the importance of taking microclimate heterogeneity into account when establishing links between macroclimate or land use context and the prevalence of disease.</p>
Data and Script used in "Effects of canopy gaps on microclimate, soil biological activity and their relationship in a European mixed floodplain forest"
<p>The R code and data provided in this repository allow to reproduce the data carpentry, analysis and visualization of “Effects of canopy gaps on microclimate, soil biological activity and their relationship in a European mixed floodplain forest” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173572).</p> <p> </p> <p>Folder structure</p> <p> </p> <p>Data abstracts:</p> <p>Data_abstract_climate.pdf</p> <p>Data_abstract_soil_biotics.pdf</p> <p>Data_abstract_soil_abiotics_openness.pdf</p> <p> </p> <p>Data:</p> <p>Climate_data.xlsx</p> <p>Soil_biotics.xlsx</p> <p>Soil_abiotics_openness.xlsx</p> <p> </p> <p>R Scripts:</p> <p>00-preamble.R loads all required packages</p> <p>01-data-carpentry.R loads all datasets and prepares the analysis of all experimental periods.</p> <p>02-data-analyses-microclimate.R compares understorey air and soil microclimate between forest types and treatments, presents diurnal and seasonal variations and tests the relationship of under- and overstorey openness on microclimate.</p> <p>03-data-analyses-decomposition.R compares decomposition rates and feeding activity between forest types and treatments and models the dependencies of soil biological activity on microclimate and soil abiotic factors.</p> <p> </p> <p>Information of related software and package versions used in the script:<br>R version 4.3.2 (2023-10-31 ucrt)<br>Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)<br>Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045)<br>Matrix products: default</p> <p> </p> <p>Contact</p> <p>Please contact me at annalena.lenk@uni-leipzig.de if you have further questions.</p>
Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate
<p>Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_trees.csv" contains individual tree indentification data for the 46 plots used in the study.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_aggregated.csv" contains plot-level aggregated metrics used for the analyses:</p> <p>- distance to the forest edge</p> <p>- diversity indices : the 20-sp rarefied species richness "rar_sp_richness_20" and the 20-sp rarefied Beta diversity "Beta_div" which corresponds to the plos coordinates on the PCoA first axis.</p> <p>- functional indices: the community weighted mean trait values for the four traits used in this study : ,"WD","SLA","LA","LDMC"; the fonctional divergence index "FD_trans.FDiv"; and the synthetic community weigthed mean trait wich corresponds to the postion on plots on the principal component analysis of species trait values "Functional_composition_trans". Note that the SLA and LA values were log-transformed before computing "FD_trans.FDiv" and "Functional_composition_trans".</p> <p>- UAV-LiDAR-dervived metrics: canopy height, gap fraction ("gap_fraction2"), slope, curvature</p> <p>- The estimated plot above graound biomass "agb_plot", and the mean value of the vapor pressure deficit during the drisest month "max_monthly_VPD".</p> <p>- coordinates of the plots in UTM 58S (Coordinate reference system)</p> <p>Please read the material and method section of the article for more informations on this dataset.</p>
Data from: Effects of microclimates on species richness of epiphytic and non-epiphytic bryophytes along a subtropical elevational gradient in China
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Data from: Effects of microclimate on disease prevalence across an urbanization gradient
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Effects of flowers on land surface albedo and soil microclimate
<p>The phenology of vegetation, namely leaf-out and senescence, can influence the Earth's climate over regional spatial scales and long time periods (e.g., over 30 years or more), in addition to microclimates over local spatial scales and shorter time periods (weeks to months). However, the effects of flowers on climate and microclimate are unknown. We investigate whether flowers can influence light reflected by the land surface and soil microclimate in a subalpine meadow. We conducted a flower removal experiment with a common sunflower species, Helianthella quinquenervis, for 3 years (2015, 2017, and 2019). The flower removal treatment simulates the appearance of the meadow when Helianthella flowers earlier under climate change and loses its flowers to frost (other plant structures are not damaged by frost). We test the hypotheses that a reduction in cover of yellow flowers leads to a greener land surface, lower reflectance, warmer and drier soils, and increased plant water stress. Flower removal plots are greener, reflect less light, exhibit up to 1.2 °C warmer soil temperatures during the warmest daylight hours, and contain ca. 1% less soil moisture compared to controls. However, soils were warmer in only 2 of the 3 years, when flower abundance was high. Helianthella water use efficiency did not differ between removal and control plots. Our study provides evidence for a previously undocumented effect of flowers on soil microclimate, an effect that is likely mediated by climate change and flowering phenology. Many anthropogenic environmental changes alter landscape albedo, all of which could be mediated by flowers: climate change, plant invasions, and agriculture. This study highlights how further consideration of the effects of flowers on land surface albedo could improve our understanding of the effects of vegetation on microclimate.</p>
Effect of external thermal insulation layer on the Chinese solar greenhouse microclimate
<p><span><span>In order to optimize the heat preservation capacity of Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) and further reduce energy consumption, we clarified the mechanism of the external thermal insulation layer that affecting the microclimate environment of CSG. The most excellent thickness of the external insulation layer of the solar greenhouse envelope structure in high latitude and cold region has been indicated. A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and verified using experimental measurement. The temperature variations, heat variations and economic benefit were analyzed. The results indicated that covering the outer surface of the enclosures with a thermal insulation layer could effectively increase the greenhouse temperature by 1.2~4.0°C. SW had the lowest unit cost (USD 282.52/°C), but it limited the increase in greenhouse air temperature. Covering the outer surface of the north wall with insulation layer has better profitability and higher cost performance than that of the side wall and the north roof. During the construction of the greenhouse in high latitude and cold region, CC as the optimal solution could raise the greenhouse air temperature maximally. The optimal thickness of the external insulation layer of each maintenance structure is obtained as follows: north wall 80 mm, side wall 80 mm, north roof 100 mm.</span></span></p>
Data from: Mind the wind: microclimate effects on incubation effort of an arctic seabird
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Effect of external thermal insulation layer on the Chinese solar greenhouse microclimate
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Effects of flowers on land surface albedo and soil microclimate
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Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
<p class="Disstext">Temperature at fine spatial scales is an important driver of nest site selection for many avian species during the breeding season and can influence nest success. Sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) communities have areas with high levels of vegetation heterogeneity and high thermal variation; however, fire removes vegetation that provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. To examine the influence of microclimates on Greater Sage-Grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) nest site selection and nest success in a fire affected landscape, we measured black bulb temperature (<i>T<sub>bb</sub></i>) and vegetation attributes (e.g. visual obstruction) at 3 spatial scales (i.e. nest bowl, microsite, and landscape) in unburned and burned areas. Nest bowls exhibited greater buffering of <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> than both nearby microsites and the broader landscape. Notably, nest bowls were warmer in cold temperatures, and cooler in hot temperatures, than nearby microsites and the broader landscape, regardless of burn stage. Nest survival (NS) was higher for nests in unburned areas compared to nests in burned areas (unburned NS = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.54; burned NS = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.46). Amount of bare ground was negatively associated with nest survival, but effects diminished as the amount of bare ground reached very low levels. Shrub height and visual obstruction were positively associated with nest survival during the entire study period whereas, minimum <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> had a weaker effect. Our findings demonstrate that thermoregulatory selection by Greater Sage-Grouse at nest sites had marginal effects on their nest survival. However, given that increases in vegetation structure (e.g. shrub height) provide thermal refuge and increase nest survival, vegetation remnants or regeneration in a post-fire landscape could be critical to Greater Sage-Grouse nesting ecology.</p>
Figure 2 from: Dixie B, White H, Hassall M (2015) Effects of microclimate on behavioural and life history traits of terrestrial isopods: implications for responses to climate change. In: Taiti S, Hornung E, Štrus J, Bouchon D (Eds) Trends in Terrestrial Isopod Biology. ZooKeys 515: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9399
Figure 2 - Responses of relative growth rates to temperature and relative humidity. Responses to differences in temperature by a) Oniscus asellus, (F1, 36 = 0.905, P = 0.348) and. b) by Porcellio dilatatus, (F1, 36 = 5.112, P = 0.030); to differences in relative humidity of c) Oniscus asellus, (F1, 36 = 17.125, P < 0.001) and d) Porcellio dilatatus, (F1, 36 = 84.326, P < 0.001). Asterisks denote differences signficance at P < 0.05.
Figure 3 from: Dixie B, White H, Hassall M (2015) Effects of microclimate on behavioural and life history traits of terrestrial isopods: implications for responses to climate change. In: Taiti S, Hornung E, Štrus J, Bouchon D (Eds) Trends in Terrestrial Isopod Biology. ZooKeys 515: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9399
Figure 3 - Response of mortality to temperature and relative humidity. Responses to temperature by a) Oniscus asellus, (U = 3097.0, P = 0.640. and b) by Porcellio dilatatus, (U = 2254.5, P = 0.016) and to relative humidity by c) Oniscus asellus (U = 1851.5, P < 0.001) and d) by Porcellio dilatatus (U = 2277.5 P < 0.001). Asterisks denote differences signficance at P < 0.05.
Figure 1 from: Dixie B, White H, Hassall M (2015) Effects of microclimate on behavioural and life history traits of terrestrial isopods: implications for responses to climate change. In: Taiti S, Hornung E, Štrus J, Bouchon D (Eds) Trends in Terrestrial Isopod Biology. ZooKeys 515: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9399
Figure 1 - Responses in aggregation index to differences in temperatures and relative humidity: Responses to different temperatures by a) Oniscus asellus, (F 4, 249 = 12.22; P < 0.001) and b) by Porcellio scaber (F4,249 = 3.76; P < 0.001). and to different relative humidies by c) Oniscus asellus, (F 4, 230 = 25.39; P < 0.001) and d) by Porcellio dilatatus (F4,171 = 16.85; P < 0.001). Means sharing the same letter are not significantly different from each other at P < 0.05.
Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
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