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FIG. 13 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 13. — The phylogenetic position of Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb. on the Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood cladogram constructed from currently available 18S rRNA sequences for Isohypsibioidea and Hypsibioidea, with a Milnesium spp. sequence as the outgroup (see also Table 2). Values above branches indicate posterior probability values (BI), whereas values under branches show bootstrap values (ML). Branches with support below 0.9 in BI (70% in ML) were collapsed.

FIG. 10 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 10. — Schematic comparison of stylet furcae in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928.

FIG. 4 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 4. — Genus Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928 s.s., after exclusion of F. verrucosus n. comb. (PCM): A, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); B, Calohypsibius maliki Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2005; C, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996. Scale bars: 10 μm.

FIG. 8 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 8. — Buccal apparatus of Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb. (SEM): A, oral cavity armature, the arrowhead indicates the row of conical teeth; B, the buccal crown and both dorsal and ventral apophyses for insertion of stylet muscles (AISM) in lateral view; C, buccal tube, empty arrowheads indicate lateral thickenings; D, stylet furca; E, pharynx in dorsal view; F, pharynx in lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, 0.5 μm; B, 1 μm; C, E, F, 2 μm.

FIG. 7. — A-E in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM): Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region, empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs; B, dorsal view, incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca; C, ventral view; Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view, incised empty arrowhead points to the furca; Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm.

FIG. 12. — A-B in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 12. — A-B, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.; C-D, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); E-F, Isohypsibius spp., claws (SEM): Fractonotus- type: A, claws III; B, claws IV; Calohypsibius-type; C, claws II; D, claws IV; Isohypsibius-type; E, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928), claws I; F, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012, claws II. Scale bars: A, B, 3 μm; C, D, 1 μm; E, F, 4 μm.

FIG. 11 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 11. — Comparison of Fractonotus-type (A-D, F), Calohypsibius-type (E), Microhypsibius-type (G), and Isohypsibius-type (H, I) claws (all but Fig. 11F PCM): Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.: A, claws I, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; B, claws II, interrupted line designates isohypsibioid claw curvature; C, claws IV, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb.; D, claws III, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); E, claws IV; Fractonotus caelatus (Marcus, 1928); F, claws IV; Microhypsibius truncatus Thulin, 1928; G, claws III (DIC); Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); H, claws II; Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012; I, claws II. Scale bars: 10 μm.

FIG. 9 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 9. — Schematic comparison of the AISM (lateral view) in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928.

FIG. 6 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 6. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb. and Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), peribuccal structures (SEM):A, Fractonotus verrucosus n. comb., with six peribuccal lobes typical for Isohypsibiidae;B, Calohypsibius ornatus with six small and roundish peribuccal papulae typical for Calohypsibiidae. Scale bars: 1 μm.

FIG. 3 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 3. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb., habitus (SEM): A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), habitus (SEM): C, lateral view; D, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 30 μm; B-D, 20 μm.

FIG. 5. — A-D in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 5. — A-D, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.; E, F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), cuticle morphology (SEM): Fractonotus-type: A, smooth, obtuse tubercles of the smallest specimens (Calohypsibius scabrosus sensu Murray 1911, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu da Cunha 1947); B, scabrous tubercles occurring in the caudal part of the smallest specimens and on the whole body of adults; C, D, dorsal plaques of adults (Calohypsibius placophorus sensu da Cunha 1943, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu Thulin 1911, Marcus 1928 and Cuénot 1932), arrowheads indicate coarse portions of the plaques; Calohypsibius-type: E, irregular, multangular tubercles of the cephalic part; F, rows of tubercles of the trunk in close-up. Scale bars: A, B, F, 2 μm; C-E, 20 μm.

FIG. 2 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 2. — Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb., adults showing intraspecific variability in cuticular sculpturing (A, dorsal and B, dorsolateral view, paratypes). Scale bars: 20 μm.

FIG. 1 in Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)

FIG. 1. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb., ontogenetic series (Fig. 1F: differential interference contrast [DIC], the remaining photos are phase contrast microscope [PCM]): A, juvenile habitus (lateral view); B, young adult habitus (dorsal view); C-F, old adult habitus, variability in the development of large tubercles (dorsal views); E, adult habitus with the symmetrical arrangement of plaques (Calohypsibius placophorus sensu da Cunha 1943, dorsolateral view); F, adult habitus (a specimen from Borgholm, Öland from the Thulin collection, lateral view, DIC). Scale bars: 20 μm.