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FIGURE 4 in Microlepidogaster arachas, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Microlepidogaster arachas (star), M. dimorpha (square), M. longicolla (circle) and M. perforatus (triangle). Open symbols represent type-localities. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. 1—rio Grande; 2—rio Paranaíba; 3—rio Araguari; and 4—rio São Bartolomeu.

FIGURE 3 in Microlepidogaster arachas, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Pectoral girdle and abdominal platelets, ventral view, M. arachas, DZSJRP 9078, 39.4 mm SL. Anterior to top. Scale bar = 1mm. Platelets removed in left side. Arrow indicates the pectoral girdle exposition. AP = abdominal plates; AFO = arrector fossa opening; CL = cleithrum; CO = coracoid.

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster arachas, DZSJRP 2999 in Microlepidogaster arachas, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster arachas, DZSJRP 2999, holotype, male, 36.7 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio Paranaíba drainage.

FIGURE 2 in Microlepidogaster arachas, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Anterior portion of axial skeleton and dorsal-fin supports (left side, lateral view) of M. arachas, DZSJRP 5548, 26.7 mm SL. Scale bar = 1mm. Vertebrae count included five from the Weberian apparatus. PX2 = compound proximal and medial radial 2; RV6 = rib of sixth vertebra; SN+PX1 = compound supraneural first dorsal-fin proximal radial; SP1 = dorsal-fin spinelet; SP2 = dorsal-fin spine; TPD1 = transverse process of first dorsal-fin pterigyophore; V6–11 = vertebrae 6–11.

FIGURE 3 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. First unbranched pectoral-fin ray in dorsal view, left side. (a) Microlepidogaster perforatus, DZSJRP 16171, 30.6 mm SL, female; (b) Microlepidogaster discus, paratype, DZSJRP 19493, 41.7 mm SL, male. Dark gray indicates cartilage. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. First epibranchial in ventral view (left side). (a) Microlepidogaster discus, paratype, DZSJRP 19493, 41.7 mm SL, male, showing the accessory process; (b) Microlepidogaster perforatus, DZSJRP 16171, 30.6 mm SL, female. Dark gray indicates cartilage. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Lateral plates of Microlepidogaster discus, paratype, DZSJRP 19493, 41.7 mm SL, male, left side, showing the anterior plates of mid-ventral lateral series reduced, not ventrally elongated, with the first plate markedly round. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Lip-folding behavior of Microlepidogaster discus: (a) relaxed state; (b) one side folded; (c, d) two sides partially folded; (e) two sides totally folded in the midline of mouth.

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster discus, DZSJRP 19101 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster discus, DZSJRP 19101, holotype, male, 46.4 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, tributary to rio Itacambiruçu, rio Jequitinhonha basin.

FIGURE 5 in Microlepidogaster discus, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of Microlepidogaster discus, star indicates the type locality. Color of drainages: rio Jequitinhonha basin (red); rio São Francisco basin (blue); rio Paraná basin (green); other drainages (grey).

FIGURE 3 in Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Pectoral girdle in ventral view. A) Microlepidogaster discus, DZSJRP 19493, paratype, 41.7 mm SL, male, pectoral girdle exposed only laterally, bearing few odontodes, and arrector fossa large; B) M. perforata, DZSJRP 16171, paratype, 30.6 mm SL, female, pectoral girdle almost completely exposed, bearing many odontodes along all ventral surface, and arrector fossa extending laterally halfway towards the base of the pectoral fin; C) M. arachas, DZSJRP 15808, paratype, 36.3 mm SL, male, pectoral girdle almost completely exposed, bearing many odontodes along all ventral surface, and arrector fossa restricted to midline of girdle; D) M. longicolla, DZSJRP 12453, paratype, 39.7 mm SL, pectoral girdle almost completely exposed, bearing many odontodes along all ventral surface, and arrector fossa restricted to midline of girdle; and E) M. negomata, DZSJRP 21003, paratype, 38.7 mm SL, female, pectoral girdle exposed only laterally, bearing few odontodes, and arrector fossa totally enclosed (right side) or almost totally enclosed (left side), opening restricted to the halfway point of the pectoral girdle. Arrows indicate the arrector fossa. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (new species) and 1 mm (others).

FIGURE 2 in Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Lateral trunk plates of Microlepidogaster negomata, paratype, DZSJRP 21003, 38.7 mm SL, female, left side, showing the anterior series of reduced plates over the swimbladder opening. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster negomata, DZSJRP 20135 in Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Microlepidogaster negomata, DZSJRP 20135, holotype, male, 41.1 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Arapuá Municipality, Ribeirão Bebedouro, a tributary to Rio Abaeté, Rio São Francisco basin.

FIGURE 5 in Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Type locality of Microlepidogaster negomata, Ribeirão Bebedouro, a headwater tributary to the Rio Abaeté, Rio São Francisco basin.

FIGURE 4 in Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Rio São Francisco drainage and geographic distribution of Microlepidogaster negomata (star, type locality). Some symbols can represent more than one lot or locality.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil

FIGURE 8. Type locality of Microlepidogaster roseae, rio Sussuarana, tributary to rio Preto, rio Pardo drainage. Photo by José Birindelli.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil

FIGURE 7. Southeastern and eastern Brazil showing type locality of Microlepidogaster roseae (☆) and geographic distribution of M. arachas (□), M. dimorpha (⌓), M. discontenta (Ó), M. discus (△), M. longicolla (✞), M. negomata (○), and M. perforata (◇), based on type series (except for M. perforata). Orange shaded areas indicate Priority Conservation Areas.

FIGURE 4. A in A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. A) Pectoral girdle of Microlepidogaster roseae in ventral view, paratype, MZUEL 21730, 33.4 mm SL, female, with exposed area, bearing odontodes, extending to the mesial symphysis. B) In detail: odontodes of exposed area almost completely restricted to the coracoid expansion, except for a single row in the cleithrum (white line indicates the limit between cleithrum and coracoid and the opening of arrector fossa). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Transverse process of second dorsal-fin pterygiophore of Microlepidogaster roseae, paratype, DZSJRP 23196, 31.7 mm SL, male, the arrow showing the exposed portion bearing odontodes. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Snout of Microlepidogaster roseae, showing the odontode-free band in lateral (A) Anterior view, (B) Paratype, MZUSP 112424, 39.0 mm SL, female. C) Head of c&s preserved specimen in lateral view, paratype, MZUEL 21730, 33.4 mm SL, female. D) In detail, the limited area in which odontodes are absent, from anterior tip of snout to anterior portion of the postrostral plate 2 (fused to postrostral plate 3, in this specimen). Scale bar = 1 mm.