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3 results for “Microscopic properties”
Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization
<p><strong>Submitted data was used to write an article:</strong> <span>Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., Briggs, D., Bradburn, J., 2023, Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization. International Journal of Coal Geology 271, 104235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104235</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding acknowledgments:</strong> The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024), and the research activities co-financed by the funds granted under the Research Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Article Abstract</strong>: Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced during the thermochemical conversion of biomass, is considered to be an important material for environmental applications and sustainable agriculture. With interest in its use growing, it is essential to understand how pyrolysis parameters control biochar properties and, subsequently, which analytical methods can be applied effectively in characterizing biochar. While various methods are already in use, the potential of reflected light microscopy analysis has not yet been widely explored. This paper focuses on examining the microscopic properties of various biochars by implementing reflected light microscopy and assessing whether this technique has the potential to deliver quick, reliable, and essential information for biochar characterization. To support microscopic observations, selected physical (density and surface area) and chemical parameters (carbon and sulfur content, functional group distribution) of biochar samples were also determined. Megascopically and microscopically there is a considerable difference among biochars of different feeds including their size and shape, porosity, ratio of the abundance of cellular to non-cellular pores, inorganic matter content, the ratio of thick-walled to thin-walled inertinite, or the ratio between high-reflectance inertinite to low reflectance inertinite and their reactivity. The biochars studied also showed variations in the oxygenated groups contribution, a wide range of carbon content (14.7 to 98.8%), density (1.45 to 2.47 g/cm3), and surface areas (from <1 to 363.6 m2/g). Our results demonstrate that microscopic characteristics and reflectance of biochar can provide crucial diagnostic value for predicting biochar properties and, in combination with other physical and chemical properties, help to enhance information about the biomass conversion process and potential practical use of biochar.</p>
Data from: Combined fluorescent and electron microscopic imaging unveils the specific properties of two classes of meiotic crossovers
<p>Crossovers (COs) shuffle genetic information and allow balanced segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis. Recombination nodules (RNs) are closely correlated with crossing over, and, because they are observed by electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) in extended pachytene chromosomes, RNs provide the highest-resolution cytological marker currently available for defining the frequency and distribution of crossovers along the length of chromosomes. In several organisms, mutants demonstrate that two molecularly distinct pathways produce COs. One pathway produces class I COs that exhibit interference (lowered probability of nearby COs), and the other pathway produces class II COs with little or no interference. However, the relative contributions, genomic distributions, and interactions of these two pathways are essentially unknown in nonmutant organisms because marker segregation only indicates that a CO has occurred, not its class type. Here, we combine the efficiency of light microscopy for revealing cellular functions using a fluorescent probe to MLH1 proteins to mark class I COs with the high resolution of electron microscopy to localize and characterize all COs (RNs) in the same sample of meiotic pachytene chromosomes from wild-type tomato. To our knowledge, for the first time, every CO along each chromosome can be identified by class to unveil specific characteristics of each pathway. We find that class I (MLH1-positive) and class II (MLH1-negative) COs have different recombination profiles along chromosomes. In particular, class II COs, which represent about 18% of all COs, exhibit no interference and are disproportionately represented in pericentric heterochromatin, a feature potentially exploitable in plant breeding. Finally, our results demonstrate that the two pathways are not independent because there is interference between class I and II COs.</p>
Data from: Combined fluorescent and electron microscopic imaging unveils the specific properties of two classes of meiotic crossovers
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