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Fig. 3 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 3. Sedimentary log, paleontological sampling points, microfauna assemblages and paleosalinity estimation in the Goychay section.

Fig. 8 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 8. Sedimentary log, paleontological sampling points, microfauna assemblages and paleosalinity estimation in the Hajigabul section.

Fig. 7 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 7. Magnetostratigraphy of the Goychay section. In columns, from left to right: Regional (local) stages; Depositional units; Lithological log; Biostratigraphic sampling points: green - mollusc samples, blue - microfauna samples; Magnetic susceptibility (plotted on a logarithmic scale; black line - values for each sample, red line - averaged 3); Inclination; Declination; Interpreted polarity (black - normal, white - reversed). The Akchagylian - Apsheronian transition is drawn based on microfauna (lower limit) and macrofauna (upper limit). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 12 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 12. Magnetostratigraphy of the Hajigabul section. In columns from left to right: Regional stages; Depositional units; Lithological log; Biostratigraphic sampling points, where green points are mollusc samples and blue points - microfauna samples; Magnetic susceptibility (plotted on a logarithmic scale)); Inclination; Declination; Interpreted polarity. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Goychay section (A) and the Hajigabul section (B). Logs, general view and characteristic photos of each sedimentary unit.

Fig. 1 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 1. Location map of the Goychay and Hajigabul sections. Columns on the left: Global polarity time scale (Hilgen et al., 2012) Epoch/Age; Regional Stages: a* classical definition (Shantser, 1982; Arslanov et al., 1988; Nevesskaya et al., 2003, 2004), b* this study. Position of the studied sections in relation to the Caspian Sea (A) and to the Kura Basin (B) (The map base is taken from www.maps-for-free.com); Geological maps for the Goychay section (C) and the Hajigabul section (D) modified after Bairamov et al. (2008).

Fig. 13 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 13. Correlation of polarity patterns to the Global Polarity Time Scale (GPTS), the main paleoenvironmental events and characteristic mollusc fauna in the Goychay and Hajigabul sections. Sedimentation rate curves: Hajigabul section (A), the Goychay section (B).

Fig. 11 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 11. Equal area plots, Zijderveld diagrams and thermomagnetic curves for samples of the Hajigabul section. Equal are plots for: B. The low temperature component (20 oC-300 o C, LT_N): in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); E. All normal ChRM directions - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); F. All reversed ChRM directions - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); G. All mean directions for all reversed (MT_R and HT_R), all normal (HT_N and MT_N) and LT_N groups; L. Remagnetized samples marked as "Full overprint" (FO) - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); A, C, H- Characteristic Zijderveld diagrams for various samples. D, M - thermomagnetic runs for various samples; Zijderveld diagrams with separate (H) and overlapped (I) demagnetization of two components. J - Zijderveld diagram given for one sample measured with different techniques: th - thermally demagnetized, af - demagnetized in alternating field.

Fig. 6 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 6. Equal area plots, Zijderveld diagrams and thermomagnetic curves for samples from the Goychay section. Equal area plots for: B. The low temperature component (20 o C-300 o C, LT_N): all LT_N direction in situ and in tectonic coordinates; C. Isolated group of LT_N directions; E. The medium temperature component with reversed directions (330 o C-400 oC, MT_R), in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); I. High temperature component (440 o C-580 o C (670 oC), HT_R) with reversed directions, in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); J. High temperaturecomponent (440 o C-580 o C (670 oC), HT_N) with normal directions, in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); N. All reversed direction (MT_R and HT_R) in tectonic coordinates; O. All mean directions for all reversed (MT_R and HT_R), LT_N and HT_N groups; A, D, G and H - characteristic Zijderveld diagrams; F, K, L and M - characteristic thermomagnetic runs for various samples.

Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A. Theodoxus pallasi; B. Theodoxus pallasi; C. Laevicaspia sp. D. Laevicaspia subcaspia; E. Caspia apsheronica; F. Caspia sp.; G. Clessiniola cf. subvariabilis; H. Ecrobia cf. grimmi; I. Laevicaspia subcaspia; J. Melanopsis bergeroni; K. Lymnaea sp.; L. Turricaspia sp.; M. Laevicaspia sp.; N. Streptocerella sp.; O. Gyraulus sp.; P. Valvata sp. (Scale bars 1 mm).

Fig. 4 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 4. Selected bivalve species and charophyta from the Goychay section: A. Dreissena carinatocurva; B. Dreissena rostriformis; C. Dreissena polymorpha; D. Pseudocatillus sp.; E. Didacnomya sp.; F. Apscheronia propinqua; G. Corbicula fluminea (paired bivalve); H. Corbicula fluminea; I. Monodacna sp. 1; J. Monodacna sp. 1; K. Adacna sp; L. Oogonium of charophyta. (Scale bars 1 mm).

Fig. 10. Middle Pleistocene Didacna species from the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 10. Middle Pleistocene Didacna species from the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 mm. A-B. Didacna bergi (1954 m, early Khazarian); C-G. D. parvula (1795 m, Late Bakunian); H-I. D. cf carditoides (1795 m, Late Bakunian); J-K. Didacna sp (1795 m, Late Bakunian).

Fig. 9 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 9. Mollusc fauna from the Akchagylian clay interval in the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 mm. (a). Cardiidae sp. A. (428 m); (b-d). Cardiidae sp. B. (395 m); (e-g). Cardiidae sp. (395 m); (h, i). Avicardium nikitini (395 m); ((i) is a reconstruction); (j) Pirenella caspia (288 m).

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FIG. 1 in Biochronology and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene in Central Italy

FIG. 1. — Distribution, first occurrences and last occurrences of the main macromammals on the Italian peninsula. Selected large mammals numbers: 1, Anancus arvernensis; 2, Tapirus arvernensis; 3, Sus minor; 4, Mammut borsoni; 5, Stephanorhinus jeanvireti; 6, Leptobos stenometopon; 7, Axis lyra; 8, Ursus minimus; 9, Acinonyx pardinensis; 10, Homotherium latidens; 11, Chasmaportetes lunensis; 12, Lynx ex gr. issiodorensis; 13, Megantereon cultridens; 14, Mammuthus gromovi; 15, Stephanorhinus etruscus; 16, Equus livenzovensis; 17, Gazella borbonica; 18, Nyctereutes megamastoides; 19, Croizetoceros ramosus; 20, Eucladoceros falconeri; 21, Pliocrocuta perrieri; 22, Mammuthus meridionalis meridionalis; 23, Equus stenonis; 24, Leptobos merlai-furtivus; 25, Macaca sylvanus; 26, Gazellospira torticornis; 27, Gallogoral meneghinii; 28, Canis etruscus; 29, Sus strozzii; 30, Vulpes alo-

FIG. 2 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 2. — Crania in right view from late Middle to Late Pleistocene of Apulia: A, IGF16329, cranium of male of Equus mosbachensis von Reichenau, 1903 from San Sidero; B, CC467, cranium of female of Equus ferus from Cardamone; C, CC468, cranium of male of Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 from Cardamone.Scale bars: 5 cm

FIG. 1 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 1. — Location of the considered Apulian sites: 1, Grotta Santa Croce; 2, SMA-esterno; 3, Grotta Laceduzza; 4, Castellaneta; 5, Cardamone; 6, Grotta Mario Bernardini - Grotta Uluzzo C - Grotta di Capelvenere; 7, San Sidero – Melpignano; 8, Grotta Zinzulusa; 9, Fondo Focone; 10, Grotta dei Giganti Grotta delle Tre Porte.

FIG. 4 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 4. — Boxplot of the length of the lower teeth considered for chronology: A, second premolar (P2L); B, third-fourth premolar (P3-4L); C, first-second molar (M1-2L); D, third molar (M3L). For the groups, see Table 1.

FIG. 3 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 3. — Mandible of Equus from late Middle to Late Pleistocene of Apulia in labial (1), lingual (2) and occlusal (3) views: A1-A3, IGF16330, Equus mosbachensis von Reichenau, 1903 from San Sidero; B1-B3, CC414, Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 from Cardamone; C1-C3, MPND396 (ex. Cur11), left hemimandible of Equus mosbachensis from Melpignano; D1-D3, C2 20b 77, right hemimandible from SMA-esterno; E1-E3, C2 20b 80, left hemimandible from SMA-esterno. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 8 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 8. — Standard bivariate plot of muzzle length (ML) and muzzle breadth at the posterior borders of I3 (MB) of caballoid horses from Middle to Late Pleistocene of Europe (Appendix 9). Symbol: square, Middle Pleistocene specimens; circle, Late Pleistocene specimens.

FIG. 5 in Equids from the late Middle Pleistocene to Early Holocene of the Apulia Peninsula (southern Italy): reassessment of their taxonomy and biochronology

FIG. 5. — Boxplot of the length of the upper teeth considered for chronology: A, second premolar (P2L); B, third-fourth premolar (P3-4L); C, first-second molar; (M1-2L); D, third molar (M3L). For the groups see Table 1.