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Figure 10. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 10. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the heart. AM, Amoebocyte; AU, auricle; PE, pericardium; PEG, pericardial gland; R, rectum; SM, suspensory membrane; V, ventricle.

Figure 3. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 3. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A ventral view of the septum, foot and mouth. BG, Byssal groove; F, foot; F(T), 'toe' of foot; M, mouth; SE, septum; SEM, margin of septal membrane; SEP(1),(2),(3),(4), septal pores.

Figure 1 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 1. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. SEM views of the siphonal apparatus. (A) Posterior view of the exhalant and inhalant siphons, with three and four siphonal papillae, respectively. (B) Higher magnification view of a single siphonal papilla with a terminal array of sensory cilia. CI, Cilia; ES, exhalant siphon; IS, Inhalant siphon; SP, sensory papilla; SPB, base of sensory papillae.

Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the pedal ganglia and the statocysts. PEGA, Pedal ganglia; STAT, statocyst; STL, statolith.

Figure 5 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 5. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Transverse sections through the (A) oesophagous; (B) crystalline style sac; (C) mid gut; (D) hind gut; and (E) rectum, all drawn to the same scale. CC, Collagen coat; CS, crystalline style.

Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a single digestive tubule. AM, Amoebocyte; CRC, crypt cell; DC, digestive cell.

Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the stomach in the region of the conjoined style sac and mid gut. CS, Crystalline style; CSMG, conjoined style sac and mid gut; CSS, crystalline style sac; FIPI, fragments of ingested prey; GS, gastric shield; MG, mid gut; SC, secretory cells.

Figure 7 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 7. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Histological sections through the visceral mass and ingested prey items. (A) A transverse section through the stomach with ingested prey items inside it. (B, C) The remains of captured and ingested ostracods. (D) The skeletal remains of an unknown prey item. CSS, Crystalline style sac; GS, gastric shield; IPI, ingested prey item; ST, stomach.

Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a portion of a gonadial follicle. C, Cuticle; DN, dividing nucleus; DO, developing oocyte; EO, encapsulated oocyte; GE, germinal epithelium; N, nucleus; RT, regressing testes; STA, stalk; SPZ, spermatozoan; Y, yolk.

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FIGURE 3 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 3. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: FIGURE 4. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: Rio Rio Uatumã basin; general view of the type Uatumã basin; detailed view of the type locality locality of Rivulus uakti. of Rivulus uakti.

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FIGURE 1. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ 6022 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 1. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ 6022, male, FIGURE 2. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ holotype, 16.6 mm SL (one day after collection); 6023, female, paratype, 16.1 mm SL (one Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: Rio Uatumã basin. day after collection); Brazil: Amazonas:

Fig. 10. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 10. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, female, 19.0 mm SL, dissected C&S, Weberian apparatus and adjacent structures. A, Weberian apparatus, left side, lateral view; claustrum, scaphium, and supraneural 2 outlined by thin black line; B, Weberian apparatus, dorsal view; C, Weberian apparatus, ventral view; D, lateral line canal on body, right side (image reversed), lateral view; pores outlined by thin white dashed line; E, close up of anteriormost lateral line canal ossicle on body, right side (image reversed), lateral view; canal and pores outlined by thin white dashed line, canal ossicles outlined by solid grey line. Asterisk (*) indicates position of same pore in D and E. Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; Boc, basioccipital; C, claustrum; Exoc, exoccipital; LLC, lateral line canal ossicle; LP1, lateral process 1; LP2+Oos, bony capsule formed by lateral process 2+outer arm of Os suspensorium; NA3-6, neural arch 3–6; NS4–6, neural spine 4–6; PC, posterior chamber; R5–6, rib 5–6; S, scaphium; Scl, supracleithrum; SN2–3, supraneural 2–3; V3, vertebral centrum 3.

Fig. 7. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 7. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, swimbladder; A, dissected male, 23.4 mm SL, posterior chamber, ventral view, ventral body wall, digestive tract, and reproductive organs removed; B, dissected female, 19.0 mm SL, posterior chamber, ventral view, ventral body wall, digestive tract, and reproductive organs removed; C, dissected female C&S specimen, 19.0 mm SL, lateral view, showing swimbladder in relation to surrounding skeleton; D, same as C, ventral view. Dashed white line outlines posterior chamber (A) or anterior chamber and connecting duct (C, D). Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; Boc, basioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; LP1, lateral process 1; LP2+Oos, bony capsule formed by lateral process 2+outer arm of Os suspensorium; NS4–5, neural spine 4–5; PC, posterior chamber; PF, pectoral fin; P-MR, proximal-middle radial; R5, fith rib; SN3, supraneural 3; V11, vertebral centrum 11.

Fig. 6. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 6. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, male, 21.7 mm SL, scanning electron micrographs of pectoral fin, right side, dorsal view; A, Elongate patches of tubercles on dorsal surface of fin associated with rays 2–4 (numbered); inset image shows low magnification overview of entire pectoral fin with area displayed in main image highlighted by white dashed rectangle; B, Higher magnification image of tubercles in smaller white dashed rectangle in A; C, High magnification image of tubercles shown in B. Double asterisk (**) identifies the same tubercle in B and C.

Fig. 5. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 5. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, male, 23.4 mm SL, pectoral fin of male, right side; A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (image reversed).

Fig. 4. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 4. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL, scanning electron micrographs of mouth and associated structures, ventral view; A, Low magnification overview; B, Mouth, in ventral view; C, Higher magnification image of base of outer rostral barbel, right side, showing conical tubercles and taste buds; D, Higher magnification image of base of inner outer rostral barbel, right side, showing conical tubercles and taste buds; E, Higher magnification image of conical tubercle in centre of D; F, Higher magnification image of papilliferous lower lip, right side; G, Higher magnification image of five papillae on lower lip, right side, showing single tastebud at summit of each papilla. Abbreviations: IRB, inner rostral barbel; LJ, lower jaw; LL, lower lip; MB, mandibular barbel; ORB, outer rostral barbel; T, tubercle; TB, tastebud; UL, upper lip.

Fig. 2 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 2. Physoschistura mango, aquarium trade; A, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL; B, female, not preserved, not measured.

Fig. 1 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 1. Physoschistura mango; A, MHNG 2790.086, holotype, male, 18.5 mm SL, Myanmar, Hopong; B, CMK 20748, paratype, female, 19.2 mm SL, Myanmar, Hopong; C, TCWC 20684.01, mature male, 21.7 mm SL, aquarium trade.

Fig. 8. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 8. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, female, 19.0 mm SL, C&S, neurocranium in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) view. Nasal bone removed during dissection. Single scale bar shared by A–C. Abbreviations: Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; Epo, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; E+Vo, mesethmoid+vomer; Fr, frontal; LE, lateral ethmoid; Orsph, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parital; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; Soc, supraoccipital.

Fig. 3 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram showing arrangement of cephalic lateral-line canals of Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL. Lateral line canals are shown in dark grey. Dashed black lines indicate that the distal part of barbel is not illustrated. Abbreviations: IOC, infraorbital canal; OC, otic canal; P-MC, preoperculo-mandibular canal; SOC, supraorbital; STC, supratemporal canal.