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Fig. 11 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 11. Projections of factor 1 (x-axis) and factor 2 (y-axis) in principal component analysis of A, cranial measurements and B, dental measurements of different diminutive species of Miniopterus from Madagascar, all of which were previously considered to be M. manavi, as well as M. petersoni. Loadings of variables on each axis are shown in table 6.

Fig. 10 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 10. Lateral views of skulls and mandibles of Miniopterus spp. from Madagascar: (above, from left to right) M. manavi (FMNH 194074) from the Grotte de Fandanana, near Fandriana; M. griveaudi (FMNH 169712) from near the Andrafiabe Cave, Ankarana; holotype of M. aelleni (FMNH 173067), from the Canyon d'Antsiroandoa, Ankarana; (below, left) holotype of M. brachytragos (FMNH 175840), from the Forêt d'Ambovonomby, Parc National de Namoroka, Forêt d'Ambovonomby; and (below, right) holotype of M. mahafaliensis (FMNH 173197), from near Mitoho Cave, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa. (Photograph taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z94488_03d.)

Fig. 8 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 8. Dorsal views of skulls of Miniopterus spp. from Madagascar: (above, from left to right) M. manavi (FMNH 194074) from the Grotte de Fandanana, near Fandriana; M. griveaudi (FMNH 169712) from near the Andrafiabe Cave, Ankarana; holotype of M. aelleni (FMNH 173067), from the Canyon d'Antsiroandoa, Ankarana; below, left) holotype of M. brachytragos (FMNH 175840), from the Forêt d'Ambovonomby, Parc National de Namoroka; and (below, right) holotype of M. mahafaliensis (FMNH 173197), from near Mitoho Cave, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa. (Photograph taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z94488_01d.)

Fig. 7 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 7. Different views of skull and mandible of the holotype of Miniopterus mahafaliensis (FMNH 173197) collected in the Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.5 km NE Efoetse, near Mitoho Cave: (above, left) dorsal view of cranium; (above, right) ventral view of cranium; and (below) lateral view of cranium and mandible. (Photograph taken by John Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z94487_05d.)

Fig. 6 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 6. Photograph of living Miniopterus mahafaliensis captured 6.5 km NE Efoetse, near Mitoho Cave, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa (FMNH 173191), taken at the same locality as the holotype (FMNH 173197). Note the gray grizzled hair to the ventrum. (Photograph by Harald Schütz.)

Fig. 5 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 5. Different views of skull and mandible of the holotype of Miniopterus brachytragos (FMNH 175840) collected in the Parc National de Namoroka, Forêt d'Ambovonomby, 26 km NW Andranomavo: (above, left) dorsal view of cranium; (above, right) ventral view of cranium; and (below) lateral view of cranium and mandible. (Photograph taken by John Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z94486_05d.)

Fig. 9 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 9. Ventral views of skulls of Miniopterus spp. from Madagascar: (above, from left to right) M. manavi (FMNH 194074) from the Grotte de Fandanana, near Fandriana; M. griveaudi (FMNH 169712) from near the Andrafiabe Cave, Ankarana; holotype of M. aelleni (FMNH 173067), from the Canyon d'Antsiroandoa, Ankarana; (below, left) holotype of M. brachytragos (FMNH 175840), from the Forêt d'Ambovonomby, Parc National de Namoroka, Forêt d'Ambovonomby; and (below, right) holotype of M. mahafaliensis (FMNH 173197), from near Mitoho Cave, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa. (Photograph taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z94488_02d.)

Fig. 4 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 4. Right ear and tragus of Miniopterus spp. from Madagascar: A, M. brachytragos (FMNH 175840, holotype), from Parc National de Namoroka, Forêt d'Ambovonomby, 26 km NW Andranomavo; B, M. brachytragos (FMNH 172685) from the Forêt de Binara, near Analamazava River, 7.5 km SW Daraina (village); C, M. brachytragos (FMNH 202523) from 1.8 km S Ambanizana, Masoala Peninsula; D, M. mahafaliensis (FMNH 173197, holotype) from Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.5 km NE Efoetse, near Mitoho Cave; E, M. mahafaliensis (FMNH 176101) from Parc National de Kirindy-Mite, near village of Betakilotra, 11 km SE Marofihitsa; F, M. griveaudi (FMNH 184055) from Beloboka, grotte n°1, 12.5 km E Mahajanga, Madagascar; G, M. aelleni (FMNH 175842) from the Parc National de Namoroka, Forêt d'Ambovonomby, 26 km NW Andranomavo. The slightly elongated and pointed distal portion of the tragus in FMNH 175840 (A), as compared to FMNH 172685 and FMNH 202523, maybe an anomalous shape in M. brachytragos.

Fig. 1 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 1. Map of Madagascar showing localities mentioned in the text and sites where specimens of Miniopterus brachytragos sp. nov., M. mahafaliensis sp. nov., M. manavi sensu stricto, M. petersoni, M. griveaudi, and M. aelleni have been collected. The latter two species are also known from the Comoro Archipelago (Goodman et al., 2009b). The species symbols for the sites of Namoroka and Bemaraha have been slightly spread out to avoid obscuring information.

Fig. 2 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic position of different Miniopterus spp. Miniopterus fuliginosus was selected as the outgroup. The tree presented was produced using Bayesian analysis. Posterior probabilities (Bayesian

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Fig. 3 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar

Fig. 3. Photograph of living Miniopterus brachytragos captured near Ambanizana, Masoala Peninsula

Distribution. Midto high elevations in N & C Mozambique and neighboring Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; recently found in S Kenya (Taita Hills), and it is possible that these known populations are actually connected through still unknown populations in Tanzania. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. Midto high elevations in N & C Mozambique and neighboring Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; recently found in S Kenya (Taita Hills), and it is possible that these known populations are actually connected through still unknown populations in Tanzania.

Distribution. Disjunct distribution on much of sub-Saharan Africa, but predominantly in C Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo) and E Africa (Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania), also in scattered localities in W Africa (Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria) and S Africa (Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique). in Miniopteridae

Distribution. Disjunct distribution on much of sub-Saharan Africa, but predominantly in C Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo) and E Africa (Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania), also in scattered localities in W Africa (Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria) and S Africa (Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique).

Distribution. Restricted to highlands of C Madagascar from Fandriana S to Ranomafana (Ifanadiana) and Vinanitelo. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. Restricted to highlands of C Madagascar from Fandriana S to Ranomafana (Ifanadiana) and Vinanitelo.

Distribution. With abovementioned taxonomic adjustments, distribution is now restricted to E & S South Africa and Swaziland; possibly S Mozambique. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. With abovementioned taxonomic adjustments, distribution is now restricted to E & S South Africa and Swaziland; possibly S Mozambique.

Distribution. Known only from four sites on N & C Madagascar (Marojejy and Montagne d'Ambre national parks, Ambohitantely Reserve, and Bemanevika). in Miniopteridae

Distribution. Known only from four sites on N & C Madagascar (Marojejy and Montagne d'Ambre national parks, Ambohitantely Reserve, and Bemanevika).

Distribution. New Guinea, Admiralty Is (Manus), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland Is), Louisiade Archipelago (Trobriand, Woodlark, and Misima Is), Solomon Is (Choiseul, New Georgia, Mbanika, and San Cristobal), Vanuatu Is, and New Caledonia (including Loyalty Is). in Miniopteridae

Distribution. New Guinea, Admiralty Is (Manus), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland Is), Louisiade Archipelago (Trobriand, Woodlark, and Misima Is), Solomon Is (Choiseul, New Georgia, Mbanika, and San Cristobal), Vanuatu Is, and New Caledonia (including Loyalty Is).

Subspecies and Distribution. M.o.orianaeThomas,1922—NEWesternAustraliaandNNorthernTerritory. M.o.bassanuCardinal&Christidis,2000—SESouthAustralia(RobeandNaracoorteStoPortMacDonnell)andSWVictoria.ItsdistributionisextendingacrosstheborderlineintoSWVictoria,toHeywood,Portland,Hamilton,andWarrnambool,withthemostElocalityyetfoundatPomborneit,nearCamperdown. M. o. oceanensis Maeda, 1982 — E Australia from Cape York in Queensland (including Fraser I) to Castlemaine in Victoria. Distribution of bassanii and oceanensis overlap in W Victoria, with both subspecies recorded from four caves in the Otways/Camperdown/Lorne area. in Miniopteridae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.o.orianaeThomas,1922—NEWesternAustraliaandNNorthernTerritory. M.o.bassanuCardinal&Christidis,2000—SESouthAustralia(RobeandNaracoorteStoPortMacDonnell)andSWVictoria.ItsdistributionisextendingacrosstheborderlineintoSWVictoria,toHeywood,Portland,Hamilton,andWarrnambool,withthemostElocalityyetfoundatPomborneit,nearCamperdown. M. o. oceanensis Maeda, 1982 — E Australia from Cape York in Queensland (including Fraser I) to Castlemaine in Victoria. Distribution of bassanii and oceanensis overlap in W Victoria, with both subspecies recorded from four caves in the Otways/Camperdown/Lorne area.

Distribution. SW Arabian Peninsula in SW Saudi Arabia and W Yemen and E Africa in Ethiopia, E South Sudan, Somalia, and Kenya. This distribution is temporary although and pending of genetic studies including a complete representation of the species in the analysis. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. SW Arabian Peninsula in SW Saudi Arabia and W Yemen and E Africa in Ethiopia, E South Sudan, Somalia, and Kenya. This distribution is temporary although and pending of genetic studies including a complete representation of the species in the analysis.

Distribution. S in Miniopteridae

Distribution. S Madagascar, known only from three localities in the former Toliara Province S of the Onilahy River.