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38 results for “Montane Endemism”
Data from: Abundance models of endemic birds of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern South America, suggest small population sizes and dependence on montane elevations
<p>Abundance measures are almost non-existent for several bird species threatened with extinction, particularly range-restricted Neotropical taxa, for which estimating population sizes can be challenging. Here we use data collected over nine years to explore the abundance of 11 endemic birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), one of Earth's most irreplaceable ecosystems. We established 99 transects in the "Cuchilla de San Lorenzo" Important Bird Area within native forest, early successional vegetation, and areas of transformed vegetation by human activities. A total of 763 bird counts were carried out covering the entire elevation range in the study area (~175–2650 m). We applied hierarchical distance-sampling models to assess elevation- and habitat-related variation in local abundance and obtain values of population density and total and effective population size. Most species were more abundant in the montane elevational range (1800–2650 m). Habitat-related differences in abundance were only detected for five species, which were more numerous in either early succession, secondary forest, or transformed areas. Inferences of effective population size indicated that at least four endemics likely maintain populations no larger than 15,000–20,000 mature individuals. Estimates of species' area of occupancy and effective population size were lower than most values previously described, a possible consequence of increasing anthropogenic threats. At least four of the endemics exceeded criteria for threatened species listing and a thorough evaluation of their extinction risk should be conducted. Population strongholds for most of the study species were located on the northern and western slopes of the SNSM between 1500–2700 m. We highlight the urgent need for facilitating effective protection of native vegetation in premontane and montane ecosystems to safeguard critical habitats for the SNSM's endemic avifauna. Follow-up studies collecting abundance data across the SNSM are needed to obtain precise range-wide density estimations for all species.</p>
Data from: Abundance models of endemic birds of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern South America, suggest small population sizes and dependence on montane elevations
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Elevation and landscape change drive the distribution of a montane, endemic grassland bird
<p>This dataset documents the presence and abundance of the Nilgiri pipit (<em>Anthus nilghiriensis</em>) in 170 survey sites across most of its global range. Between one and four surveys were carried out at each site between November 2017 and May 2018 by experienced observers. Survey duration was proportional to site area. A wide range of habitat characteristics were also surveyed, and additional habitat characteristics for each site were gathered from remotely sensed data. </p>
Data from: Islands within islands: two montane paleo-endemic birds impacted by recent anthropogenic fragmentation
Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation of species that live in naturally patchy metapopulations such as mountaintops or sky islands experiences two levels of patchiness. Effects of such multilevel patchiness on species have rarely been examined. Metapopulation theory suggests that patchy habitats could have varied impacts on persistence, dependent on differential migration. It is not known whether montane endemic species, evolutionarily adapted to natural patchiness, are able to disperse between anthropogenic fragments at similar spatial scales as natural patches. We investigated historic and contemporary gene flow between natural and anthropogenic patches across the distribution range of a Western Ghats sky-island-endemic bird species complex. Data from 14 microsatellites for 218 individuals detected major genetic structuring by deep valleys, including one hitherto undescribed barrier. As expected, we found strong effects of historic genetic differentiation across natural patches, but not across anthropogenic fragments. Contrastingly, contemporary differentiation (DPS) was higher relative to historic differentiation (FST) in anthropogenic fragments, despite the species' ability to historically traverse shallow valleys. Simulations of recent isolation resulted in high DPS/FST values, confirming recent isolation in Western Ghats anthropogenic fragments and also suggesting that this ratio can be used to identifying recent fragmentation in the context of historic connectedness. We suggest that in this landscape, in addition to natural patchiness affecting population connectivity, anthropogenic fragmentation additionally impacts connectivity, making anthropogenic fragments akin to islands within natural islands of montane habitat, a pattern that may be recovered in other sky-island systems.
FIGURES 27–33 in A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
FIGURES 27–33 Araucariocladus hiems sp. nov., male abdomen: 27, terga I–VI dorsal; 28, syntergite, dorsal; 29, sternum IX, ventral; 30, sternum VIII and pygidium, ventral; 31–33 aedeagus, 31, dorsal, 32, lateral, 33, ventral. Scale bar: 1.0 mm (27), 0.5 mm (28–30), 0.2 mm (31–33).
FIGURES 3–13 in A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
FIGURES 3–13 Araucariocladus hiems sp. nov.: 4–7, male head overview, 3, dorsal; 4, ventral; 5, lateral; 6, frontal; 7, posterior; 8–9, mandible; 10, antenna; 11–13, frontal tentoria, detail, 11, frontal; 12, lateral; 13, dorsal. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (3–9), 2.0 mm (10), 0.5 mm (11–13).
FIGURES 21–26 in A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
FIGURES 21–26 Araucariocladus hiems sp. nov., pterothorax and associated structures: 21, dorsal; 22, ventral; 23, lateral; 24, elytron ventral; 25, left wing; 26 pro, meso and metalegs (top-down). Scale bar: 1.0 mm (21–23), 2.0 mm (24–26).
FIGURES 1–2 in A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
FIGURES 1–2. Araucariocladus hiems sp. nov.: 1, male dorsal habitus; 2, ventral. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (1–2).
FIGURES 14–20 in A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
FIGURES 14–20 Araucariocladus hiems sp. nov., prothorax: 14, pronotum dorsal; 15, ventral; 16, frontal; 17, posterior; 18, lateral; 19, prosternum dorsal, 20, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (14–20).
Distribution. Endemic to W highlands of Cameroon, where it is known from the Bamenda (Lake Manenguba), Adamaoua, and possibly Yaoundé highlands. The Manenguba White-toothed Shrew might be present at additional montane localities, but surveys are needed to confirm this. in Soricidae
Distribution. Endemic to W highlands of Cameroon, where it is known from the Bamenda (Lake Manenguba), Adamaoua, and possibly Yaoundé highlands. The Manenguba White-toothed Shrew might be present at additional montane localities, but surveys are needed to confirm this.
Distribution. Endemic to Sumatra; it seems widely distributed from upper montane rainforest in W Sumatra to hillsides in E & S Sumatra. in Soricidae
Distribution. Endemic to Sumatra; it seems widely distributed from upper montane rainforest in W Sumatra to hillsides in E & S Sumatra.
FIGURE 1 in A new endemic Impatiens species on Mount Gorongosa (Mozambique) demonstrates the conservation importance of montane areas in Africa
FIGURE 1. Photographs of Impatiens wuerstenii and its closest allies. A–F. Frontal view of flowers. A. I. wuerstenii; B. I. salpinx; C. I. cecilii; D. I. psychadelphoides; E. I. hydrogetonoides; F. I. zombensis. (Photo credits; A–D: Bart Würsten, E: Steven Dessein, F: Neil Crouch).
FIGURE 4 in A new endemic Impatiens species on Mount Gorongosa (Mozambique) demonstrates the conservation importance of montane areas in Africa
FIGURE 4. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on combined ImpDEF1/ImpDEF2 and atpB-rbcL data. Numbers on branches represent Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap Support and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities, respectively.
FIGURE 3 in A new endemic Impatiens species on Mount Gorongosa (Mozambique) demonstrates the conservation importance of montane areas in Africa
FIGURE 3. Distribution of I. wuerstenii (black asterisks) on Mount Gorongosa. S. Afr.: South Africa; Zimb: Zimbabwe; Mal.: Malawi.
FIGURE 2. Impatiens wuerstenii. A in A new endemic Impatiens species on Mount Gorongosa (Mozambique) demonstrates the conservation importance of montane areas in Africa
FIGURE 2. Impatiens wuerstenii. A. Habit; B. Frontal view of flower; C. Dorsal petal; D. Lateral sepals; E. United lateral petals; F. Lower sepal and spur (Drawn by A. Fernandez from Ballings 1713)
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Bothriochloa (Poaceae, Andropogoneae) endemic to montane grasslands of Santa Catarina, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Bothriochloa catharinensis (E. Dalmolim & A. Zanin 182—FLOR). A. habit; B. detail of the central axis of the inflorescence showing a tuft of trichomes in the axil of the branch; C. rachis internode; D. grooved pedicel and pedicellate spikelet; E. diaspore; F. upper lemma of sessile spikelet; G. caryopsis, dorsal view; H. pedicel and pedicellate spikelet; I. rachis internode; J. diaspore. Illustrations by Leandro Lopes.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Bothriochloa (Poaceae, Andropogoneae) endemic to montane grasslands of Santa Catarina, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Geographical location of PARNA SJ and distribution of Bothriochloa catharinensis specimens.
Response of Avian communities to edges of tropical montane forests: Implications for the future of endemic habitat specialists
<p>Tropical montane landscapes harbor diverse flora and fauna, and many species there are ecological specialists with narrow elevational distributions, limited geographic ranges, and small global populations. Along elevational gradients, environmental conditions and community composition change dramatically over small spatial scales. As forests are disturbed and edges formed with modified habitat, natural communities could be affected differently across elevations by the many physical and biotic changes at edges. We asked whether forest edges produced altered patterns of avian species composition along a cloud forest - dry forest gradient on the Pacific slope of the Tilarán mountains in Monteverde, Costa Rica. A strong moisture gradient produces cloud forests near the ridgetops, with a concentration of species endemic to the Costa Rica – Panama highlands that are habitat specialists. We conducted 552 point counts across 110 locations from 1100 to 1800 m elevation, yielding 6586 detections of 115 species in 10 km<sup>2</sup> of montane forest. We analyzed differences in species composition and single-species abundances between interior and near-edge forest habitats for species grouped by geographic range size. Species composition changed markedly from forest edge to interior in cloud forest habitats, but not in drier forests downslope. Endemic species, especially in cloud forest, were detected less frequently in mature forest near edges than in mature forest interior, and this difference was more pronounced than for cosmopolitan species. On tropical mountainsides, we can expect habitat-specialist endemic species to be more sensitive to further habitat modification. This sensitivity could limit the resilience of tropical bird communities.</p>
FIGURE 9 in An integrative taxonomic review of the agamid genus Bronchocela (Kuhl, 1820) from Peninsular Malaysia with descriptions of new montane and insular endemics
FIGURE 9. Color pattern variation in Bronchocela cristatella. Upper left: adult male from Taiping, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia (LSUHC 12102). Upper right: adult male from Hutan Lipur Sekayu, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia (LSUHC 11992). Lower left: adult male from Pulau Natuna Besar, Indonesia (LSUHC 11616). Photographs by L. L. Grismer. Lower right: adult male (LSUDPC 4651) from Kanowit, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Photograph by Chan, K. O.
FIGURE 6 in An integrative taxonomic review of the agamid genus Bronchocela (Kuhl, 1820) from Peninsular Malaysia with descriptions of new montane and insular endemics
FIGURE 6. Upper and lower left and upper right: Bronchocela shenlong sp. nov. from Parit Falls, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Upper and lower left: adult male paratype LSUHC 12105 in light and dark color phase, respectively. Upper right: adult female paratype LSUHC 12104 in light color phase. Lower right: Bronchocela cristatella (LSUHC 12103) from 12 km S Parit Falls. Photographs by L. L. Grismer.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.