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FIGURE 1 in Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 1 First page of field notebook number 156. This trip was conducted from Port Augusta to Norseman, Western Australia, by Ken Key, Murray S Upton and Jim Balderson from 28/9/1963 to 23/10/1963. Plant specimens were identified by Nancy T Burbidge. On 28th of September, they started from Mildura, took Arumpo road at a vehicle odometer 6827 and travelled 6 mi to reach 6833. Site description and general observations for collection at stop 6833: Flat with sparse belah and Callitris robusta to 25 ft on pale brown sandy loam with?Cassia sp. abundant to 8 ft and regrowth. Ground layer of Bassia spp. and Kochia spp. to 6 in. and occasional Kochia?pyramidata to 2 ft barley grass and succulents drying off, considerable bare ground. Return. Grasshoppers collected at this site: Cratilopus sp. 1, Chortoicetes terminifera, Caperrala sp. 1 (j.), Apotropis vittata (j.).

FIGURE 4 in Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 4 Comparison of survey consistency among different surveyors. (a) Between-site distance maintained by different lead surveyors. (b) The total number of grasshoppers recorded per site by different lead surveyors. Numbers in the middle of boxplot show median value. (c) Seasonal variation in the number of species counted per site by different lead surveyors. (d) Proportion of total surveys conducted in each season by different surveyors. Values on pie charts show the number of surveys conducted by each surveyor. Seasons are indicated by colours.

FIGURE 3 in Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 3 Spatial bias in historic grasshopper surveys in Western Australia and Tasmania (inset). (a) Thiessen polygon network drawn based on survey sites as centre of each polygon, showing the intensity of survey activity; the smaller polygons, the more intensive the survey activity because each polygon represents a sampling site. Colours in the background represent bioregions. (b) Bioregions bias: Positive scores indicate positive survey bias (higher survey effort than expected from a random allocation) and vice versa. Bars on right side of vertical dash line represent Tasmania. Bioregions were abbreviated as: AvWh, Avon Wheatbelt; BL, Ben Lomond; Ca, Carnarvon; CeKi, Central Kimberley; CeRa, Central Ranges; Co, Coolgardie; Da, Dampierland; EsPl, Esperance plains; F, Furneaux; Ga, Gascoyne; GeSa, Geraldton Sandplains; GiDe, Gibson Desert; GrSaDe, Great Sandy Desert; GrViDe, Great Victorian Desert; Ha, Hampton; JaFo, Jarrah Forest; K, King; LiSaDe, Little Sandy Desert; Ma, Mallee; Mu, Murchison; NoKi, Northern Kimberley; Nu, Nullarbor; OrViPl, Ord Victoria Plain; Pi, Pilbara; SwCoPl, Southwest Coastal Plain; Ta, Tanami; TCH, Tasmanian Central Highlands; TNM, Tasmanian Northern Midlands; TNS, Tasmanian Northern Slopes; TSE, Tasmanian South East; TSR, Tasmanian Southern Ranges; TW, Tasmanian West; ViBo, Victorian Bonaparte; Wa, Warren; Ya, Yalgoo.

FIGURE 2 in Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

FIGURE 2 Grasshopper species count and survey effort in Western Australia and Tasmania (inset) per 50-km grid cells. Only records with both genus and species (either confirmed based on formal taxonomy for genus and species or putative taxonomy used for genus or species) names were included in these analyses. (a) Species richness (total number of recorded species per cell); (b) total number of survey sites per cell; (c) for each cell, the average number of species per survey site. No survey was conducted in white cells. Bioregions were abbreviated as: Ca, Carnarvon; CeKi, Central Kimberley; Co, Coolgardie; Da, Dampierland; EsPl, Esperance Plains; Ga, Gascoyne; Ha, Hampton; Nu, Nullarbor; Pi, Pilbara; SwCoPl, Southwest Coastal Plains; ViBo, Victorian Bonaparte.

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Data from: Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

<p>The baseline distribution data for all species of a given group in a region can provide fundamental insights into biogeographic questions about historic patterns of species richness, population trends, and extinction. Grasshoppers are one major group of insects for which a continent-wide perspective on their geographic distribution can be obtained. This is because they were extensively surveyed in Australia for 54 years (1936-1989) as part of Commonwealth expeditions to obtain specimens for the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). Field notebooks recorded from those surveys, under the direction of ANIC curator and director K. H. L. Key, form the principal source of historic distribution records for grasshoppers in Australia. We digitized all 223 notebooks (2486 pages) and transcribed all the field trips conducted in Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania (47 notebooks, 590 pages). We then carefully geocoded all sampling sites of the transcribed notebooks, following the odometer readings and descriptions of routes from a suitable reference point using historic topographic maps and Google Earth. In total, we extracted 8975 geographic coordinates for 477 species having a confirmed or putative taxonomic name of (only 170 of these species have been formally described). We found that species richness varied spatially, with highest richness in arid interior and north of WA. Historic grasshopper surveys were non-randomly distributed across both WA and Tasmania with the highest survey intensity around coastal regions. Variation was observed among surveyors in terms of the number of species detected per site, between-site distance, and the season of survey being conducted. Overall, however, the dataset is among the most comprehensive continent-wide surveys of Australian invertebrates and will greatly facilitate future work on their ecology, biogeography, conservation, and responses to environmental change.</p>

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Data from: Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

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FIGURE 6 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 6. Warramaba flavolineata sp. nov. ♂ a) lateral and b) frontal images of an individual from Mount Leonora, Western Australia, as Well as phallic complex (genitalia prep. 968) in c) dorsal, d) lateral and e) caudal vieW, and Key's illustrations of dorsal and lateral vieWs of epiphallus of holotype, With a vieW of valve approximately normal to plane of lateral face (i.e. equivalent to a lateral vieW in resting orientation). The scale bar refers to the photographs of the phallic complex.

FIGURE 5 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 5. Warramaba whitei sp. nov. ♂ a) lateral and b) frontal images of an individual from Bullabulling, Western Australia, as Well as phallic complex (genitalia prep. OrG2286) of an individual from 6 km SW of Melita H.S., S of Leonora in c) dorsal, d) lateral and e) caudal vieW. The scale bar refers to the photographs of the phallic complex.

FIGURE 7 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 7. Warramaba grandis sp. nov. ♂ a) lateral and b) frontal images of an individual from Binnu, Western Australia, as Well as phallic complex (genitalia prep. 968) in c) dorsal, d) lateral and e) caudal vieW, and Key's illustrations of the phallic complex (genital prep OG1607) in f) dorsal and g) lateral vieW. The scale bar refers to the photographs of the phallic complex.

FIGURE 4 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 4. Warramaba virgo ♀ (Key 1963) a) lateral and b) dorsal images of an individual from NoWingi, Victoria, and W. ngadju sp. nov. ♀ sp. nov. c) lateral and d) frontal images from an individual from 23 km South of Boulder, Western Australia.

FIGURE 3 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 3. Warramaba picta ♂ (Key 1976) a) lateral and b) frontal images of an individual from Eagle Rock, Western Australia, as Well as phallic complex (genitalia prep. 968) in c) dorsal, d) lateral and e) caudal vieW, and the original line draWings of Key for the same respective positions (f–h) for genitalia prep. G965 (P152, a chromosome race of W. picta). The scale bar refers to the photographs of the phallic complex.

FIGURE 2 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 2. Holotypes of Warramaba, all held in the Australian National Insect Collection: a) W. picta (Key 1976), b) W. whitei sp. nov., c) W. flavolineata sp. nov., d) W. grandis sp. nov., e) W. virgo (Key 1963), f) W. ngadju sp. nov. The Width of the pin in each photo is 0.6 mm.

FIGURE 1 in The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Warramaba species, a) overall in Western Australia, b) of W. virgo in eastern Australia, and c–h) of the Western Australian taxa separately. Also indicated in a) With a black triangle is the location for P152 (here assigned to W. picta) and, With open triangles, the locations of P188 (here assigned to W. grandis sp. nov.).