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10 results for “Morphological synthesis”
Computational synthesis of cortical dendritic morphologies
<p>Neuronal morphologies provide the foundation for the electrical behavior of neurons, the connectomes they form, and the dynamical properties of the brain. Comprehensive neuron models are essential for defining cell types, discerning their functional roles, and investigating brain disease related dendritic alterations. However, a lack of understanding of the principles underlying neuron morphologies has hindered attempts to computationally synthesize morphologies for decades. We introduce a synthesis algorithm based on a topological descriptor of neurons, which enables the rapid digital reconstruction of entire brain regions from few reference cells. This topology-guided synthesis generates dendrites that are statistically similar to biological reconstructions in terms of morpho-electrical and connectivity properties and offers a significant opportunity to investigate the links between neuronal morphology and brain function across different spatio-temporal scales. Synthesized cortical networks based on structurally altered dendrites associated with diverse brain pathologies, revealed principles linking branching properties to the structure of large-scale networks.</p> <p> </p> <p>We provide here the original biological reconstructions, the artificially generated cells and related data (electrical traces, connectivity of artificial networks) that were used for the analysis of the paper "Computational synthesis of cortical dendritic morphologies" to appear in Cell Reports.</p>
Molten Salt Templated Synthesis of Covalent Isocyanurate Frameworks with Tunable Morphology and High CO2 Uptake Capacity
<p>The use of reactive molten salts, i.e., ZnCl2, as a soft template and a catalyst has been actively investigated in the preparation of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). Although the soft templating effect of the salt melt is more prominent at low<br> temperatures, close to the melting point of ZnCl2, leading to the formation of abundant micropores, a significant mesopore<br> formation is observed that is due to the partial carbonization and other side reactions at higher temperatures (>400 °C).<br> Evidently, high-temperature synthesis of CTFs in various eutectic salt mixtures of ZnCl2 with alkali metal chloride salts also leads to mesopore formation. We reasoned that using the isocyanate moieties instead of cyano groups in the monomer, 1,4-phenylene isocyanate, could enable efficient interactions between carbonyl moieties and alkali metal ions to realize efficient salt templating to form covalent isocyanurate frameworks (CICFs). In this direction, the trimerization of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate was carried out under ionothermal conditions at different reaction temperatures using ZnCl2 (CICF) and the eutectic salt mixture of KCl/NaCl/ZnCl2 (CICF-KCl/NaCl) as the reactive solvents. We observed notable differences in the morphologies of the two polymers, whereas CICF showed irregular-shaped micrometer-sized particles, the CICF-KCl/NaCl exhibited a filmlike morphology. Moreover, favorable ion-dipole interactions between alkali metal cations and oxygen atoms of the monomer facilitated two-dimensional growth and the formation of a purely microporous framework in the case of CICF-KCl/NaCl along with a near theoretical retention of the nitrogen content at 500 °C. The CICF-KCl/NaCl showed a BET surface area of 590 m2 g−1 along with a CO2 uptake capacity of 5.9 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1.1 bar because of its high microporosity and nitrogen content. On the contrary, in the absence of alkali metal ions, CICF showed high mesopore content and a moderate CO2 uptake capacity. This study underscores the importance of the strength of the interactions between the salts and the monomer in the ionothermal synthesis to control the morphology,<br> porosity, and gas uptake properties of the porous organic polymers</p>
FIGURE 1. Pazius morphology A, B, D, E P in The uncommon Neotropical genus Pazius Navás, 1913 (Mecoptera: Bittacidae): a comprehensive synthesis, with description of a new Brazilian species
FIGURE 1. Pazius morphology A, B, D, E P. angaibara sp. nov., C P. cinctipes, modified from Byers & Florez (1995). A. Head / thorax, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Male terminalia, lateral view D. Head / thorax, lateral view. E. Forewing. Abbreviations: Head: an, antenna; e, compound eye; fc, fronto-clypeus; g, gena; l, labrum; lb, labium; lo, lateral ocellus; lp, labial palpus; md, mandible; mo, median ocellus; mp, maxillary palpus; pg, postgena; v, vertex. Thorax: cvx, cervix; cx, coxa; epm, epimeron; eps, episternum; fw, forewing; hw, hindwing; mr, meron; ms, mesoscutum; msc, mesoscutellum; mts, metascutum; mtsc, metascutellum; pmn, postmesonotum; pn, pronotum; pps, parapsidal suture; sp, spiracle; tc, trochantin; tr, trochanter. Wing: A, anal vein; C, costa; Cu, cubitus; h, humeral crossvein; M, media; Ps, pterostigma; R, radius; Rs, radial sector; Sc, subcosta. Male terminalia: ae, aedeagus; ce, cercus; el, epiandrial lobe; fp, forked process of aedeagus; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; pf, penisfilum; s, sternite; sp, spiracle; t, tergite; ubp, upper branch of proctiger.
FIGURE 6 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 6. Fruit and seed diagrams showing number of locules, seed attachment to the placentae, and seed margin of genera for Chiococceae in Mexico. (A) Chiococca; (B) Coutaportla; (C) Coutarea; (D) Erithalis; (E) Exostema; (F) Hintonia; (G) Lorencea; (H) Nernstia; (I) Solenandra.
FIGURE 3 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 3. Diagrams of corolla shape and size for genera of Chiococceae in Mexico. (A) Chiococca; (B) Coutaportla; (C) Coutarea; (D) Erithalis; (E) Exostema; (F) Hintonia; (G) Lorencea; (H) Nernstia; (I) Solenandra.
FIGURE 2 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 2. Heat maps of diversity of genera of Chiococceae presented as 1° × 1° grid cells in Mexico. (A) Chiococca; (B) Coutaportla; (C) Coutarea; (D) Erithalis; (E) Exostema; (F) Hintonia; (G) Lorencea; (H) Nernstia; (I) Solenandra; (J) Chioccceae tribe.
FIGURE 5 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 5. Fruit diagrams showing fruit type, size, dorsiventral compression, and dehiscence for genera of Chiococceae in Mexico. (A) Chiococca; (B) Coutaportla; (C) Coutarea; (D) Erithalis; (E) Exostema; (F) Hintonia; (G) Lorencea; (H) Nernstia; (I) Solenandra.
FIGURE 1 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 1. Genera of Chiococceae in Mexico. (A-B) Chiococca alba: (A) Inflorescence (photo A. Castro); (B) Fruits (photo N. Ramírez); (C) Coutaportla ghiesbreghtiana (photo I. Morales); (D) Coutarea hexandra (photo A. Molina); (E-F) Erithalis fruticosa: (E) Flower (photo O. Jiménez-Orocio); (F) Fruits (photo O. Jiménez-Orocio); (G) Exostema caribaeum (photo L. H. Vicente-Rivera); (H-I) Hintonia latiflora: (H) Flowers (photo F. Sarabia); (I) Fruits (photo F. Sarabia); (J) Lorencea guatemalensis (Specimen Alush Méndez 6113, MEXU); (K) Nernstia mexicana (photo E. Mendiola); (L) Solenandra mexicana (photo A. Dorantes).
FIGURE 4 in A synthesis of the Chiococceae tribe (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) in Mexico: morphology, diversity, and endemism
FIGURE 4. Flower diagrams showing colour variation, merosity, symmetry, lobe form, and aestivation for genera of Chiococceae in Mexico. (A) Chiococca; (B) Coutaportla; (C) Coutarea; (D) Erithalis; (E) Exostema; (F) Hintonia; (G) Lorencea; (H) Nernstia; (I) Solenandra.
Preweaning nutrient supply alters mammary gland transcriptome expression relating to morphology, lipid accumulation, DNA synthesis and RNA expression in Holstein heifer calves.
GEO Series GSE121715. Bos taurus. 11 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.