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55 results for “Mucuna”
Data from: Floral traits of mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae): implications for generalist-like pollination systems
Floral traits are adapted by plants to attract pollinators. Some of those plants that have different pollinators in different regions adapt to each pollinator in each region to maximize their pollination success. Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) limits the pollinators using its floral structure and is pollinated by different mammals in different regions. Here, we examine the relationships between floral traits of M. macrocarpa and the external morphology of mammalian pollinators in different regions of its distribution. Field surveys were conducted on Kyushu and Okinawajima Island in Japan, and in Taiwan, where the main pollinators are the Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata, Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus, and red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, respectively. We measured the floral shapes, nectar secretion patterns, sugar components, and external morphology of the pollinators. Results showed that floral shape was slightly different among regions, and that flower sizes were not correlated with the external morphology of the pollinators. Volume and sugar rate of nectar was not significantly different among the three regions and did not change throughout the day in any of the regions. However, nectar concentration was higher in Kyushu than in the other two regions. These results suggest that the floral traits of M. macrocarpa are not adapted to each pollinator in each region. Although this plant limits the number of pollinators using its flower structure, it has not adapted to specific mammals, and may attract several species of mammals. Such generalist-like pollination system might have evolved in the Old World.
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Holotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, K000797547, © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). B. Isotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, E00174529, © Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh). C. Holotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, PE00414137, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). D. Isotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, A00195002, © Harvard University). E. S. Mokim s. n. (L4306572) from Kachin Hills, Myanmar [Upper Burma], © Naturalis Biodiversity Center. F. China-Vietnam Joint Exped. 1441 (PE00416831) from Vietnam, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. G. X. X. Guo 1401 (CSH0142751) from Jinghong, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. H. K. W. Jiang SSPN13 (CSH0160977) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. I. K. M. Feng 5399 (KUN0618388) from Hekou, Yunnan, China, © Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Holotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, K000797547, © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). B. Isotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, E00174529, © Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh). C. Holotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, PE00414137, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). D. Isotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, A00195002, © Harvard University). E. S. Mokim s. n. (L4306572) from Kachin Hills, Myanmar [Upper Burma], © Naturalis Biodiversity Center. F. China-Vietnam Joint Exped. 1441 (PE00416831) from Vietnam, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. G. X. X. Guo 1401 (CSH0142751) from Jinghong, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. H. K. W. Jiang SSPN13 (CSH0160977) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. I. K. M. Feng 5399 (KUN0618388) from Hekou, Yunnan, China, © Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Inflorescence. D. infructescence. A & B by Bing Liu, C & D by Ren-Bin Zhu. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Inflorescence. D. infructescence. A & B by Bing Liu, C & D by Ren-Bin Zhu.
FIGURE 2. Mucuna laticifera A. Habit with mature leaves and flowers. B. Inflorescence. C in Mucuna laticifera, a new species from north-eastern India
FIGURE 2. Mucuna laticifera A. Habit with mature leaves and flowers. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower at anthesis. D. Fruit and seeds. Photographs by Navendu Page.
FIGURE 1. Mucuna laticifera A in Mucuna laticifera, a new species from north-eastern India
FIGURE 1. Mucuna laticifera A–Leaf, B–Inflorescence, C–Bracts, D–Flower, E–Calyx, F–Standard, G–Wing, H–Keel, I–Staminal tube, J and K–Stamens, L–stipitate gland, M–Gynoecium, N–Enlarged portion of stigma, O–pod with hairs, P–Seeds. All from Swaroopsingh 040. Illustration by Swaroopsingh Gaikwad.
FIGURE 20. Mucuna pruriens. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 20. Mucuna pruriens. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Standard. C—Wing petals. D—Keel petals. E—Gynoecium. F—Androecium. G—Detail of androecium base. H—Calyx opened out, outer surface. J—Fruit of M. pruriens var. pruriens. K—Fruit of M. pruriens var. utilis. A–H drawn from: T.S. Santos 3613 (RB); J: M.A. Silva 2541 (RB); K: J.H. Kirkbride Jr. 3447 (RB). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 19. Mucuna mutisiana. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 19. Mucuna mutisiana. A—Leaves and fruit. B—Detail of the stipels of the lateral leaflets. C—Details of the stipels of the apical leaflet. D—Inflorescence. E—Androecium. F—Gynoecium. G—Standard. H—Wing petals. J—Keel petals. K—Calyx opened out, outer surface. A–C drawn from: R. Romero Castañeda 10762 (MO); D: E. Rentería A. et al. 1900 (MO); E–K: A. Gentry & E. Forero 7171 (MO). Figure first published in Moura et al. (2014a). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 14. Mucuna japira. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 14. Mucuna japira. A—Habit, leaf and inflorescence. B—Leaf. C—Detail of petiole basis showing swollen pulvinus and stipules. D—Calyx opened out, outer surface. E—Standard. F—Wing. G—Keel petals. H—Androecium (stamens 9+1), showing staminal sheath and free vexillary stamen. J—Detail of apical portion of staminal sheath showing alternating stamen morphology. K—Detail of the two alternating anther types. L—Gynoecium. M—Longitudinal section of ovary showing ovules. N—Stigma detail. P—Fruits. A–G drawn from Moura et al. 1052 (K) and accompanying field photography. Drawn by Gustavo Marigo.
FIGURE 13. Mucuna holtonii. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 13. Mucuna holtonii. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Detail of hairs on abaxial surface of leaflet. C—Calyx opened out, outer surface. D—Standard. E—Wing. F—Keel petals. G—Androecium: 9 stamens forming a staminal sheath (here opened out) and the vexillary stamen free. H—Gynoecium. J—Fruit. All parts drawn from: R. Fonnegra et. al. 4987 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 11. Mucuna elliptica. A—Leaf. B in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 11. Mucuna elliptica. A—Leaf. B—Stipels of lateral leaflets. C—Stipels of apical leaflet. D—Inflorescence. E—Flower. F—Calyx opened out, outer surface. G—Standard. H—Wing petals. J—Keel petals. K—Androecium. L—Gynoecium. M—Fruit. C drawn from: J.C. Solomon 13968 (MO); A–B, E–M P. Barbour 4483 (MO); D–from photograph taken by D. Cardenas. Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 10. Geographical distribution of five neotropical species of Mucuna: M. monticola and M. tapantiana (endemic to Central America) M. ecuatoriana and M. killipiana (endemic to South America) M. globulifera (Central and South America).
FIGURE 7. Mucuna chiapaneca. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 7. Mucuna chiapaneca. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Detail of stipels of apical leaflet. C—Detail of stipels of lateral leaflets. D—Calyx opened out, outer surface. E—Standard. F—Wing. G—Keel petals. H—Androecium with nine stamens united into a sheath (here opened out). J—One free stamen. K—Gynoecium. All drawn from: S.S. Tillet 636-67 (US), drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 8. Mucuna cuatrecasasii. A—Leaf. B in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 8. Mucuna cuatrecasasii. A—Leaf. B—Detail of indumentum on abaxial surface of leaflet. C—Inflorescence. D—Bract. E—Standard. F—Wing. G—Keel petals. H—Calyx opened out, outer surface. J—Androecium opened out: 9 stamens forming a staminal sheath. K—Free vexillary stamen (anther fallen off). L—Gynoecium. Drawn from: Cuatrecasas 9640 (F). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 6. Mucuna cajamarca. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 6. Mucuna cajamarca. A—Leaf and inflorescence in bud, emphasizing length of peduncle. B—Leaf. C—Indumentum on abaxial surface of leaflet. D—Inflorescence, including bracts. E—Calyx opened out. F—Standard petal. G—Wing petal. H—Keel petals. J—Gynoecium. K—Fruit. Figure first published in Moura et al. (2013b). Drawn by Margaret Tebbs.
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of four neotropical species of Mucuna: M. argyrophylla (Mexico and Central America), M. mitis (endemic to South America); and M. holtonii and M. mutisiana (distributed from Mexico to NW South America, the latter also occurring in the Dominican Republic).
FIGURE 18. Mucuna mollis. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 18. Mucuna mollis. A—Leaves and inflorescence in bud. B—Detail of the hairs on the abaxial surface of leaflets. C—Stipels on apical leaflet. D—Stipels on lateral leaflets. E—Fruits. Drawn from J.L. Zarucchi et at. 6766 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 23. Mucuna sloanei. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 23. Mucuna sloanei. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Stipels on the apical leaflet. C—Stipels on the lateral leaflets. D—Detail of the short inflorescence rachis. E—Androecium (9 stamens united into a staminal sheath, here opened out, and a single free vexillary stamen) and gynoecium. F—Standard. G—Wing petals. H—Keel petals. J—Calyx opened out, outer surface. K—Fruit. A, D–H drawn from: D.F. Silva & L. Tyski 602 (RB); B,C, K: P.C. Gadelha Neto et al. 916 (RB). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of the six species of Mucuna with umbel-like pseudoracemose inflorescences endemic to South American.
FIGURE 9. Mucuna ecuatoriana. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 9. Mucuna ecuatoriana. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—A pair of stipels at the base of the lateral leaflets. C—A pair of stipels at the base of the terminal leaflet. D—Detail of leaflet abaxial surface. E—Standard. F—Wing. G—Keel petals. H—Calyx opened out, outer surface. J—Androecium and gynoecium. Drawn from B.B. Klitgaard et al. 607 (K). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.
FIGURE 2. Mucuna argentea. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 2. Mucuna argentea. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Indumentum on abaxial surface of leaflet. C—Calyx opened out. D—Standard petal. E—Wing petal. F—Keel petals. G—Androecium (9 + 1) and apex of gynoecium. H—Ovary. J—Immature fruit. Figure first published in Moura et al. (2013b). Drawn by Margaret Tebbs.
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