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13 results for “Multivariate evolution”
Data from: Fast mvSLOUCH: Multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-based models of trait evolution on large phylogenies
<p>The PCMBase R package is a powerful computational tool that enables efficient calculations of likelihoods for a wide range of phylogenetic Gaussian models. Taking advantage of it, we redesigned the R package mvSLOUCH. Here, we demonstrate how the new version of the package can be used to thoroughly examine the evolution and adaptation of traits in a large dataset of 1252 vascular plants through the use of multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. The results of our analysis demonstrate the ability of the modeling framework to distinguish between various alternative hypotheses regarding the evolution of functional traits in angiosperms.</p>
Fast mvSLOUCH: Model comparison for multivariate Ornstein--Uhlenbeck-based models of trait evolution on large phylogenies
<p>These are the Supplementary Material, R scripts and numerical results accompanying Bartoszek, Fuentes Gonzalez, Mitov, Pienaar, Piwczyński, Puchałka, Spalik and Voje "Model Selection Performance in Phylogenetic Comparative Methods under multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Models of Trait Evolution".</p> <p>The four data files concern two datasets. Ungulates: measurements of muzzle width, unworn lower third molar crown height, unworn lower third molar crown width and feeding style and their phylogeny; Ferula: measurements of ratio of canals, periderm thickness, wing area, wing thickness, and fruit mass, and their phylogeny.</p>
Data from: Fast mvSLOUCH: Multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-based models of trait evolution on large phylogenies
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Fast mvSLOUCH: Model comparison for multivariate Ornstein--Uhlenbeck-based models of trait evolution on large phylogenies
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Datasets and scripts from: Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space
<p>Parallel evolution, in which independent populations evolve along similar phenotypic trajectories, offers insights into the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Here, we revisit a classic example of parallelism, that of repeated evolution of brighter males in the Trinidadian guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). In guppies, colonisation of low predation habitats is associated with emergence of 'more colourful' phenotypes since predator-induced viability selection for crypsis weakens while sexual selection by female preference for conspicuousness remains strong. Our study differs from previous investigations in three respects. First, we adopt a multivariate phenotyping approach to characterise parallelism in multi-trait space. Second, we use ecologically-relevant colour traits defined by the visual systems of the two selective agents (i.e. guppy, predatory cichlid). Third, we estimate population genetic structure to test for adaptive (parallel) evolution against a model of neutral phenotypic divergence. We find strong phenotypic differentiation that is inconsistent with a neutral model but very limited support for the predicted pattern of greater conspicuousness at low predation. Effects of predation regime on each trait were in the expected direction, but weak, largely non-significant, and explained little among-population variation. In multi-trait space, phenotypic trajectories of lineages colonising low from high predation regimes were not parallel. Our results are consistent with reduced predation risk facilitating adaptive differentiation, potentially by female choice, but suggest that this proceeds in independent directions of multi-trait space across lineages. Pool-sequencing data also revealed SNPs showing greater differentiation than expected under neutrality, among which some are found in genes contributing to colour pattern variation, presenting opportunities for future genetic study.</p>
Datasets and scripts from: Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space
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Evolution of multivariate wing allometry in schizophoran flies (Diptera: Schizophora)
<p>The proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying scaling relationships as well as their evolutionary consequences remain an enigmatic issue in evolutionary biology. Here I investigate the evolution of wing allometries in the Schizophora, a group of higher Diptera that radiated ~65 million years ago, by studying static allometries in five species using multivariate approaches. Despite the vast ecological diversity observed in contemporary members of the Schizophora and independent evolutionary histories throughout most of the Cenozoic, size-related changes represent a major contributor to overall variation in wing shape, both within and among species. Static allometries differ between species and sexes, yet allometric changes are correlated across species, suggesting a shared program underlying size-dependent developmental plasticity. Lastly, static allometries within species also correlate with evolutionary divergence across 33 different families (belonging to 11 of 13 superfamilies) of the Schizophora. This again points towards a general developmental, genetic, or evolutionary mechanism that canalizes or maintains the covariation between shape and size in spite of rapid ecological and morphological diversification during the Cenozoic. I discuss the putative roles of developmental constraints and natural selection in the evolution of wing allometry in the Schizophora.</p>
Fitting and evaluating univariate and multivariate models of within-lineage evolution
<p><span>The nature of phenotypic evolution within lineages is central to many unresolved questions in paleontology and evolutionary biology. Analyses of evolutionary time-series of ancestor-descendant populations in the fossil record are likely to make important contributions to many of these debates. However, the limited number of models that have been applied to these types of data may restrict our ability to interpret phenotypic evolution in the fossil record. </span>Using uni- and multivariate models of trait evolution <span>that make different assumptions regarding</span> <span>the </span>dynamic<span>s of the</span> adaptive landscape, I evaluate contrasting hypotheses to explain evolution of size in the radiolarian <em><span>Eucyrtidium calvertense</span></em> and armor in the stickleback <em>Gaserosteus doryssus</em>. Body size evolution in <span><em>E. calvertense</em> </span><span>is best explained by a model where the lineage evolves as a consequence of a shift in the adaptive landscape that coincides with the initiation of neosympatry with its sister lineage. Multivariate evolution of armor traits in a stickleback lineage (<em>Gasterosteus</em> <em>doryssus</em>) shows evidence of adaptation towards independent optima on the adaptive landscape at the same time as traits change in a correlated fashion. The fitted models are available in an R package evoTS, which builds on the commonly used paleoTS framework.</span></p>
Fitting and evaluating univariate and multivariate models of within-lineage evolution
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Multivariate stabilizing sexual selection and the evolution of male and female genital morphology in the red flour beetle
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Evolution of multivariate wing allometry in schizophoran flies (Diptera: Schizophora)
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Data from: Experimental evolution for generalists and specialists reveals multivariate genetic constraints on thermal reaction norms
Theory predicts the emergence of generalists in variable environments and antagonistic pleiotropy to favour specialists in constant environments, but empirical data seldom support such generalist–specialist trade-offs. We selected for generalists and specialists in the dung fly Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae) under conditions that we predicted would reveal antagonistic pleiotropy and multivariate trade-offs underlying thermal reaction norms for juvenile development. We performed replicated laboratory evolution using four treatments: adaptation at a hot (31 °C) or a cold (15 °C) temperature, or under regimes fluctuating between these temperatures, either within or between generations. After 20 generations, we assessed parental effects and genetic responses of thermal reaction norms for three correlated life-history traits: size at maturity, juvenile growth rate and juvenile survival. We find evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy for performance at hot and cold temperatures, and a temperature-mediated trade-off between juvenile survival and size at maturity, suggesting that trade-offs associated with environmental tolerance can arise via intensified evolutionary compromises between genetically correlated traits. However, despite this antagonistic pleiotropy, we found no support for the evolution of increased thermal tolerance breadth at the expense of reduced maximal performance, suggesting low genetic variance in the generalist–specialist dimension.
Data from: Experimental evolution for generalists and specialists reveals multivariate genetic constraints on thermal reaction norms
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.