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15 results for “Mycoheterotrophy”
Data from: Partial mycoheterotrophy in green plants forming Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza requires a thorough investigation
<p>Recently, many green plants forming <em>Paris</em>-type arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) have been suggested to receive fungal carbon (Giesemann <em>et al.</em> 2020b, 2021). Whereas the enrichment of natural abundance of heavy stable isotopes (particularly <sup>13</sup>C) has been considered as strong evidence for this 'partial mycoheterotrophy,' we show our own data on isotopic abundances and mycorrhizal colonization in Japanese plants and argue that the <sup>13</sup>C-enrichment may not always be the result of acquiring carbon from AM fungi.</p>
Data from: Partial mycoheterotrophy in green plants forming Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza requires a thorough investigation
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Data from: Nitrate inhibition of germination in Ericaceae relates to seed size and mycoheterotrophy
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Stable isotope analysis indicates partial mycoheterotrophy in arbuscular mycorrhizal woody seedlings in tropical forests
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Data from: Global distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophy
Aim: Mycoheterotrophy is a mode of life where plants cheat the mycorrhizal symbiosis, receiving carbon via their fungal partners. Despite being widespread, mycoheterotrophic plants are locally rare, hampering the understanding of their global environmental drivers. Here, we explore global environmental preferences of mycoheterotrophy, and investigate environmental drivers of differential habitat preferences of mycoheterotrophic plants associated with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Mycoheterotrophic flowering plants. Methods: We compiled the largest global dataset of epiparasitic mycoheterotrophic plant species occurrences and examined which environmental factors, including soil type, climate, vegetation type and distribution patterns of mycorrhizal autotrophic plants, relate to occurrence patterns of mycoheterotrophic plant species associated with AM and EM fungi. Results: Mycoheterotrophic plant species avoid cold and highly seasonal climates and show a strong preference for forests. AM-associated mycoheterotrophs are predominantly found in broadleaved tropical evergreen forests whereas EM-associated mycoheterotrophs occur in temperate regions, mostly in broadleaved deciduous and evergreen needleleaved forests. The abundance of AM and EM autotrophic plants was a weaker predictor for mycoheterotrophs occurrences than forest type. Temperature and precipitation variables - but not edaphic factors - were the best predictors explaining the distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophs after accounting for the effects of forest type. For individual lineages, major differences in environmental preferences (often related to edaphic factors) occurred which were significantly associated with plant evolutionary relationships, indicating that these cheater plants have limited adaptive capabilities. Main conclusions: The strong global geographic segregation of AM and EM mycoheterotrophs does not reflect the abundance of their potential autotrophic hosts, but seems to be driven by differential climate and habitat preferences. Our results highlight the non-trivial nature of mycorrhizal interactions, and indicate that identity of the partners is not enough to understand the underlying mechanisms promoting plant-fungal interactions in mycoheterotrophic plants.
Data from: Exploiting mycorrhizas in broad daylight: partial mycoheterotrophy is a common nutritional strategy in meadow orchids.
Partial mycoheterotrophy (PMH) is a nutritional mode in which plants utilize organic matter, i.e. carbon, both from photosynthesis and a fungal source. The latter reverses the direction of plant-to-fungus carbon flow as usually assumed in mycorrhizal mutualisms. Based on significant enrichment in the heavy isotope 13C, a growing number of PMH orchid species have been identified. These PMH orchids are mostly associated with fungi simultaneously forming ectomycorrhizas with forest trees. In contrast, the much more common orchids that associate with rhizoctonia fungi, which are decomposers, have stable isotope profiles most often characterized by high 15N enrichment and high nitrogen concentrations but either an insignificant 13C enrichment or depletion relative to autotrophic plants. Using hydrogen stable isotope abundances recent investigations showed PMH in rhizoctonia-associated orchids growing under light-limited conditions. Hydrogen isotope abundances can be used as substitute for carbon isotope abundances in cases where autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon sources are insufficiently distinctive to indicate PMH. To determine whether rhizoctonia-associated orchids growing in habitats with high irradiance feature PMH as a nutritional mode, we sampled 13 orchid species growing in montane meadows, four forest orchid species and 34 autotrophic reference species. We analysed δ2H, δ13C, δ15N and δ18O and determined nitrogen concentrations. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi were identified by DNA sequencing. As expected, we found high enrichments in 2H, 13C, 15N and nitrogen concentrations in the ectomycorrhiza-associated forest orchids, and the rhizoctonia-associated Neottia cordata from a forest site was identified as PMH. Most orchids inhabiting sunny meadows lacked 13C enrichment or were even significantly depleted in 13C relative to autotrophic references. However, we infer PMH for the majority of these meadow orchids due to both significant 2H and 15N enrichment and high nitrogen concentrations. Pseudorchis albida was the sole autotrophic orchid in this study as it exhibited neither enrichment in any isotope nor a distinctive leaf nitrogen concentration. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that partial mycoheterotrophy is a trophic continuum between the extreme endpoints of autotrophy and full mycoheterotrophy, ranging from marginal to pronounced. In rhizoctonia-associated orchids, partial mycoheterotrophy plays a far greater role than previously assumed, even in full light conditions.
Data from: Global distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophy
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Data from: Exploiting mycorrhizas in broad daylight: partial mycoheterotrophy is a common nutritional strategy in meadow orchids.
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Supplementary material 5 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Alignment of matK : Data type: Fasta file.
Supplementary material 4 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Alignment of ITS : Data type: Fasta file.
Supplementary material 3 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Table 3 : Data type: Word document.
Supplementary material 2 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Table 2 : Data type: Word document.
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Table 1 : Data type: Word document.
Supplementary material 6 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Alignment of rbcL : Data type: Fasta file.
Figure 1 from: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346
Figure 1 Phylogram obtained from Bayesian Inference analysis of combined nrDNA ITS, matK and rbcL data. Numbers at nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap percentages (≥ 50%), respectively. ''–'' indicates that the node was not supported in MP analysis, asterisk (*) represent 100% support and red colour denotes species that are mycotrophic herbs.
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