Find research datasets worth reusing

FIG. 50 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 50. — Lateral view of the right pelvic bones of some extant mysticetes. A, Balaenoptera musculus; B, Balaenoptera musculus; C, Megaptera novaeangliae; D, E, Balaena mysticetus. The iliac, pubic and ischial portions are, respectively, in blue, yellow and green. Modified from Struthers (1893).

FIG. 49 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 49. — Lateral view of innominate of some extinct cetaceans. A, Georgiacetus vogtlensis (GSM 350); B, Basilosaurus isis (CGM 42176, cast); C, Basilosaurus cetoides (USNM 12261); D, Chrysocetus healyorum (SCSM 87-195, cast, right innominate, reversed); E, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917). Not to scale.

FIG. 48 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 48. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Left innominate: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 39 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 39. — Ribs transverse sections of Mystacodon, basilosaurids, and chaeomysticetes. A, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype): section of an anterior-median (right?) rib of the thoracic cage in the median region of the diaphysis; B, Dorudon atrox (UM 101222): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis (reversed); C, Basilosaurus isis (WH 074): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis. B and C are reproduced from Houssaye et al. (2015). D, Piscobalaena nana (MNHN.F. SAS1618). E, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (IRSNB uncatalogued). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; med, medial. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 42 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 42. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Right humerus: A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 6 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 6. — Lateral view of the skull of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Oblique lines and grey-shaded regions indicate respectively broken and reconstructed parts. Scale bar: 20 cm.

FIG. 1 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 1. — Views of the extraction of the postcranial skeleton of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917 holotype) at Playa Media Luna (Ica Department, Peru).

FIG. 27 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 27. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). A-C, right i2 or i3 (tooth I); D-F, left i3 or c (tooth II); G-I, right?p1 (tooth III); A, labial view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, labial view; E, lingual view; F, occlusal view; G, labial view, H, lingual view; I, occlusal view. Scale bar: 3 cm.

FIG. 54 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 54. — Life reconstruction of Mystacodon selenensis (painting by Alberto Gennari), showing this early toothed mysticete feeding along the seafloor off the coast of nowadays southern Peru.

FIG. 51 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 51. — Lateral view of the left innominate of some extinct and extant cetaceans. A, Basilosaurus isis (CGM 42176, cast); B, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917); C, Balaena mysticetus (LACM 072472), young female; D, B. mysticetus (LACM 0722490), adult female. Arrows indicate the posterior end of the vestigial obturator foramen in B. mysticetus. Not to scale.

FIG. 53 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 53. — Scatter plot showing the orbit orientation (measured as the posterolateral angle of the longitudinal axis of the orbit with the transverse plane) plotted against maximum orbital diameter vs the bizygomatic width. Color code: red, archaeocetes; green, toothed mysticetes; dark blue, fossil toothless mysticetes; light blue, extant mysticetes; orange, extant pinnipedimorphs; brown, fossil pinnipedimorphs. Plot modified from Marx (2011). Abbreviations: 1) archaeocetes: Ac, Artiocetus clavis; At, Aegyptocetus tarfa; Bi, Basilosaurus isis; Cp, Cynthiacetus peruvianus; Da, Dorudon atrox; Gv, Georgiacetus vogtlensis; So, Saghacetus osiris; Zk, Zygorhiza kochii; 2) toothed mysticetes: Ac, Aetiocetus cotylalveus; Aw, Aetiocetus weltoni; ChM PV 4745 and 5720, undescribed specimens from the Charleston Museum; Ch, Coronodon havensteini; Fb, Fucaia buelli; Fg, Fucaia goedertorum; Jh, Janjucetus hunderi; Mc, Mammalodon colliveri; Ms, Mystacodon selenensis; 3) chaeomysticetes: Am, Aglaocetus moreni; Ap, Aglaocetus patulus; Bm, Balaena mysticetus; Bb, Balaenella brachyrhynchus; Ba, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Bp, Balaenoptera physalus; Bs, Balaenoptera siberi; Cm, Caperea marginata; Cr, Cetotherium rathkii; Dh, Diorocetus hiatus; Ea, Eubalaena australis; Eg, Eubalaena glacialis; Ej, Eubalaena japonica; Er, Eschrichtius robustus; Ia, Incakujira anillodefuego; Il, Isanacetus laticephalus; Me, Mixocetus elysius; Mm, Megaptera miocaena; Mn, Megaptera novaeangliae; Mp, Miocaperea pulchra; Pc, Pelocetus calvertensis; Pn, Piscobalaena nana; Pp, Parietobalaena palmeri; Yc, Yamatocetus canaliculatus; 4) Pinnipedimorphs: Ap, Arctocephalus philippii; Cc, Cystophora cristata; Db, Desmatophoca brachycephala; Et, Enaliarctos tedfordi; Hc, Homiphoca capensis; Hg, Halichoerus grypus; Hl, Hydrurga leptonyx; Ns, Neomonachus schauinslandi; Or, Ommatophoca rossii; Pb, Pteronarctos bishopi; Ph, Phocarctos hookeri; Pp, Piscophoca pacifica; Pr, Proneotherium repenningi; Pv, Phoca vitulina; Zc, Zalophus californianus.

FIG. 47 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 47. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Left forearm and hand in medial view. Metacarpal V is the mirror image of right McV, because the left one is missing. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 38 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 38. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Ribs; A, proximal extremity of?R1 or R2 in anterior view; B, left anterior rib (possibly R3 to R5) in posterior view; C, the same in posterolateral view; D, left rib (possibly R5 to R7) in posterior view; E, the same in posterolateral view; F, left rib (possibly R5 to R7) in posterior view; G, the same in posterolateral view; H, right rib (possibly R5 to R7) in posterior view; I, the same in posterolateral view; J, right posterior rib in posterior view; K, right last rib in medial view; L, the same in anterior view; M, the same in lateral view; N, left last rib in medial view; O, the same in anterior view. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 26 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 26. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). A, posterolateral view of the left mandible showing the extensive wear facets on m2 and the remaining posterior accessory cusp on m2 and m3 and the posterolingual cingulum of m3; B, posterodorsolateral view of left m3. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 29 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 29. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Cervical vertebra: axis; A, anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, dorsal view; D, posterior view; E, right lateral view; F, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 30 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 30. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Cervical vertebra:?C3; A, anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, dorsal view; D, posterior view; E, right lateral view; F, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 20 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 20. — Dorsal view of the left dentary of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Oblique lines and grey-shaded regions indicate respectively broken and reconstructed parts. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 19 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 19. — Medial view of the left dentary of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Grey-shaded regions indicate reconstructed parts. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 25 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 25. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Lateral view of the left mandible showing the posterior part of p4 and m1-3. Scale bar: 5 cm

FIG. 16 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 16. — Posterior view of the skull of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Grey-shaded regions and oblique lines respectively indicate reconstructed and broken parts. Scale bar: 10 cm.