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227 results for “Mysticeti”
A right whale (Mysticeti, Balaenidae) from the Pleistocene of Taiwan
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Current patterns of biological distribution result from the deep past. Of particular interest, some closely related species appear at high latitudes of both hemispheres, but not in between, a pattern known as antitropical distribution. However, the timing, pathway, and drivers of antitropical distributions remain mostly unknown. Here we describe a new fossil, a left tympanic bulla (part of the ear bones), from the Middle/Late Pleistocene (0.78–0.01 mya, but not excluding the possibility of Holocene in age, as the specimen was dredged from the sea bottom and the geological horizon remains uncertain) of Taiwan. The tympanic bulla is diagnostic in baleen whales, and this specimen shows morphological features that are identical to extant <em>Eubalaena</em>, including: relatively large size (the anteroposterior length is 117 mm); rectangular outline in medial view; short anterior lobe, judging from the remaining of the lateral furrow; squared anterior margin; prominent transverse crease on the involucrum; transversely compressed in anterior view; well-developed and rounded outer lip; and parallel involucral and main ridges. Although incomplete, the morphological characters and overall similarity to extant <em>Eubalaena</em> allow a reliable taxonomic assignment to <em>Eubalaena</em> sp. The occurrence of a Pleistocene <em>Eubalaena</em> on the southern margin of the western North Pacific is the first balaenid fossil evidence indicative of the biotic interchange between two hemispheres leading to the origin of antitropical distribution in the Pleistocene; alternatively, this specimen might merely represent an extra-limital record of the North Pacific <em>Eubalaena</em>. Furthermore, this find suggests that the <em>Eubalaena</em> interchange, being one of the largest species displaying antitropical distribution pairs in the history of life, likely took place along the western Pacific. Notably, this does not preclude the <em>Eubalaena</em> interchange from other routes, such as the eastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean, and future finds should test the scenario for the biotic interchange between Northern and Southern Hemispheres of <em>Eubalaena</em>.</p>
FIGURE 10 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 10. FIAM in Balaenoptera borealis, ZMB_MAM 77323, from deep inside (A) to 'surface' (C). For innervation, see remarks of Figure 7.
FIGURE 7 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 7. Fundus of the internal acoustic meatus (FIAM). (A) Schematic diagram after Gaillard (2022) showing the accurate positions of crista transversa (synonymous with crista falciformis) and crista verticalis (synonymous with Bill's bar), (B) FIAM of Tursiops truncatus, ZMB_MAM 27159, showing pathways of CN VII and CN VIII, with labels colour code related to A, (C) FIAM of Tursiops truncatus, ZMB_MAM 27159, marked by blue ellipse. Remarks: opening of CN VII = passage for Nervus facialis; CN VIIIc = passage for Nervus cochlearis, CN VIIIvs = passage for superior division of vestibular nerve (Nervus utriculoampullaris), CN VIIIvi = passage for inferior division of vestibular nerve (Nervus sacculoampullaris), Ni = passage for Nervus intermedius.
FIGURE 6 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 6. Right periotic bone of the referred specimen (MB.Ma. 51621) of Balaenomorpha 'type Bocholt B' in (A) ventral, (B) dorsal, (C) anterior, (D) posterior, and (E) dorsomedial view.
FIGURE 4 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 4. Right periotic bone of Balaenomorpha 'type Bocholt A' (MB.Ma. 51619) in (A) ventral, (B) dorsal, (C) medial, (D) lateral, and (E) posterior view.
FIGURE 1 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 1. Map of Northwest Germany with the place of discovery (Bocholt) in North Rhine Westfalia State near the Dutch border.
FIGURE 2 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 2. Extract of the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Lower Rhine area (modified from Hiss, 2013). The mysticete periotics were found in deposits of the Biemenhorst subformation (red font).
FIGURE 3 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 3. Schematic drawings of a generalised mysticete periotic bone showing the measurements taken from the Bocholt fossils (see: Description).
FIGURE 5 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 5. Left periotic bone of Balaenomorpha 'type Bocholt B' (MB.Ma. 51618) in (A) ventral, (B) dorsal, (C) medial, (D) lateral, (E) anterior, and (F) posterior view.
FIGURE 9 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 9. FIAM in Parietobalaena palmeri, USNM 13874, from deep inside (A) to 'surface' (C). For innervation, see remarks of Figure 7.
Figure 1 in Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti
Figure 1. Cochlear anatomy and visualization of methods. (a) Three-dimensional rendering of the cochlea (shown as right) of Balaenoptera acutorostrata in apical view. (b) Same, virtually transected along the modiolus (mod) showing the primary and secondary bony laminae (bl1 and bl2, respectively). (c) Radii ratio method as applied in this study: circles superimposed onto basal and apical turns of a 2-D projection of the path tracing the basilar membrane within the cochlea. Dots represent three points on each circle for calculation of the respective radius. (d) Landmark-based geometric morphometrics: 3-D resampled path with landmarks 1 to 40.
Figure 3 in Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti
Figure 3. (a–g) Linear regressions for significant correlations of PC1 and PC2 with individual variables tested in this study.
Figure 2 in Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti
Figure 2. PCA plot of shape variation of cochlear coiling. Lines represent 95 % confidence ellipses for Mysticeti (red) and Odontoceti (blue). Shape change along the axes is shown as black landmark configurations against the average shape (in gray) in apical view and in profile. Known lowest hearing limits in Hz are given for extant cetaceans (see Table 2). Number in parentheses refers to a fetus. * denotes extinct mysticetes with presumed very low frequency hearing (50 Hz and below). ** denotes extinct mysticetes with presumed infrasonic hearing (below 20 Hz). Gray numbers represent identification numbers (ID) listed in Table 2. The specimens plotting outside of the ellipse are Megapteropsis robusta (ID12) and Eschrichtiidae indet. (ID6).
FIGURE 8 in Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone
FIGURE 8. FIAM in Eomysticetus whitmorei, ChM PV4253, from deep inside (A) to 'surface' (C). For innervation, see remarks of Figure 7.
FIGURE 6. 50 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 6. 50% majority rule consensus tree of 1994 most parsimonious trees to show the phylogenetic position of YPM 11851.The clades Odontoceti, Aetiocetidae, Eomysticetidae, Balaenidae, Cetotheriidae and a clade comprising Isanacetus, Parietobalaena and related taxa are collapsed (see Appendix 5 for cladogram with all taxa shown). The numbers on the each branch are branch lengths. The numbers next to the branch lengths show the percentages of the shortest trees supporting each node. 100% supported nodes are omitted the percentages.
FIGURE 2. 1-4 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 2. 1-4, Skull of cf. Miobalaenoptera numataensis (YPM 11851) in anterior view (1, 2), posterior view (3, 4), photos (1, 3), line drawings (2, 4).
FIGURE 5. 1-7 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 5. 1-7, Periotics of cf. Miobalaenoptera numataensis (YPM 11851) in right side (1, 2, 4, 5), left side (3, 6, 7), anterior view (1), ventral view (2, 6, 7), lateral view (3), medial view (4, 5), photos (1-4, 6), line drawing (5, 7).
FIGURE 1 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 1. Maps showing the locality of cf. Miobalaenoptera numataensis (YPM 11851). The base map of the right one is from the online topographic maps published by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. The distribution of formations follows Tamiya and Applied Geological Society of Yamagata (2016).
FIGURE 4. 1-6 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 4. 1-6, Skull of cf. Miobalaenoptera numataensis (YPM 11851) in right lateral view (1 and 4), dorsal view (2, 5), left lateral view (3, 6), photos (1-3), line drawings (4-6).
FIGURE 3. 1-2 in A new skull of an early diverging rorqual (Balaenopteridae, Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Yamagata, northeastern Japan
FIGURE 3. 1-2, Skull of cf. Miobalaenoptera numataensis (YPM 11851) in ventral view., photo (1), line drawing (2).
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