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19 results for “Myxococcus xanthus”
Myxococcus xanthus DZ2 Genome Assembly
<p><strong>We report a high-quality assembly and annotation of the <em>Myxococcus xanthus </em>strain DZ2 (CP080538) genome, using a combination of short Reads generated by the DNBSEQ™ (BGI Genomics), and Long High-Fidelity (HiFi) Reads generated by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Technologies.</strong></p>
Short-range C-signaling restricts cheating behavior during Myxococcus xanthus development
<p>Starving <em>Myxococcus xanthus</em> bacteria use short-range C-signaling to coordinate building of multicellular mounds with differentiation from rods into spores during fruiting body development. A <em>csgA</em> mutant deficient in C-signaling can cheat on wild type (WT) in mixtures and form spores disproportionately, but our understanding of cheating behavior is incomplete. We report that cheating requires excess WT cells in the initial mixture and occurs during the mound-building phase of development. We subjected mixtures of WT and <em>csgA</em> cells at different ratios to co-development, and used confocal microscopy and image analysis to quantify the arrangement and morphology of cells near the bottom of nascent fruiting bodies (NFBs). At a ratio of one WT to four <em>csgA</em> cells (1:4), NFBs failed to form. At 1:2, broad mounds formed with half the normal cell density and very few spores. At 1:1, NFBs formed normally with a similar number of WT and <em>csgA</em> rods early in development and a similar number of spores later, so C-signaling by WT rescued <em>csgA </em>development efficiently, but the mutant<em> </em>did not cheat. In contrast, at 2:1 and 4:1 excess WT starting ratios, <em>csgA</em> rods were more abundant than expected in early NFBs, indicative of cheating during mound formation. As NFBs matured, <em>csgA</em> and WT eventually formed spores with similar efficiency, although <em>csgA</em> began sporulation earlier and closer to the radial center. Our results reveal restrictions on cheating behavior, which may have selected C-signaling evolutionarily, and may explain the prevalence of short-range signaling in bacterial biofilm and multicellular animal development.</p>
Cell behaviors underlying Myxococcus xanthus aggregate dispersal
<p>The soil bacterium Myxococcus <em> xanthus</em> is a model organism with a set of diverse behaviors. These behaviors include the starvation-induced multicellular development program, in which cells move collectively to assemble multicellular aggregates. After initial aggregates have formed, some will disperse, with smaller aggregates having a higher chance of dispersal. Initial aggregation is driven by two changes in cell behavior: cells slow down inside of aggregates and bias their motion by reversing direction less frequently when moving towards aggregates. </p> <p>However, the cell behaviors that drive dispersal are unknown. Here we use fluorescent microscopy to quantify changes in cell behavior after initial aggregates have formed. We observe that after initial aggregate formation, cells adjust the bias in reversal timings by initiating reversals more rapidly when approaching unstable aggregates. Using agent-based modeling, we then show dispersal is predominantly generated by this change in bias, which is strong enough to overcome slowdown inside aggregates. Notably, the change in reversal bias is correlated with the nearest aggregate’s size, connecting cellular activity to previously observed correlations between aggregate size and fate. To determine if this connection is consistent across strains, we analyze a second M. <em>xanthus</em> strain with reduced levels of dispersal. We find that far fewer cells near smaller aggregates modified their bias. This implies that aggregate dispersal is under genetic control, providing a foundation for further investigations into the role it plays in the life cycle of M. <em> xanthus</em>.</p> <p> </p>
Short-Range C-Signaling Restricts Cheating Behavior during Myxococcus xanthus
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Myxococcus xanthus cellular structures during early development
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Data from: Kin discrimination and outer membrane exchange in Myxococcus xanthus: a comparative analysis among natural isolates
Genetically similar cells of the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus cooperate at multiple social behaviours, including motility and multicellular development. Another social interaction in this species is outer-membrane exchange (OME), a behaviour of unknown primary benefit in which cells displaying closely related variants of the outer-membrane protein TraA transiently fuse and exchange membrane contents. Functionally incompatible TraA variants do not mediate OME, which led to the proposal that TraA incompatibilities determine patterns of intercellular cooperation in nature, but how this might occur remains unclear. Using natural isolates from a centimetre-scale patch of soil, we analyse patterns of TraA diversity and ask whether relatedness at TraA is causally related to patterns of kin discrimination in the form of both colony-merger incompatibilities (CMIs) and inter-strain antagonisms. A large proportion of predicted TraA functional diversity documented among global isolates is contained within the cm-scale population. We find evidence of balancing selection on the PA14-portion of TraA and extensive transfer of traA alleles across genomic backgrounds. CMIs are shown to be common among strains identical at TraA, suggesting that CMI kin discrimination is not generally caused by TraA dissimilarity. Finally, it has been proposed that inter-strain antagonisms might be caused by OME-mediated toxin transfer. However, we find that most strain pairs exhibiting strong antagonisms are predicted to be incapable of OME due to TraA dissimilarity. Overall, our results suggest that documented patterns of kin discrimination in a defined natural population of M. xanthus are not causally related to the degree of TraA relatedness among interactants.
Confocal images from: Cell density, alignment, and orientation correlate with C-signal-dependent gene expression during Myxococcus xanthus development
<p>Starving <em>Myxococcus xanthus</em> bacteria use short-range C-signaling to coordinate their movements and construct multicellular mounds, which mature into fruiting bodies as rods differentiate into spherical spores. Differentiation requires efficient C-signaling to drive the expression of developmental genes, but how the arrangement of cells within nascent fruiting bodies (NFBs) affects C-signaling is not fully understood. Here, we used confocal microscopy and cell segmentation to visualize and quantify the arrangement, morphology, and gene expression of cells near the bottom of NFBs at much higher resolution than previously achieved. We discovered that "transitioning cells" (TCs), intermediate in morphology between rods and spores, comprised 10 to 15% of the total population. Spores appeared midway between the center and the edge of NFBs early in their development and near the center as maturation progressed. The developmental pattern as well as C-signal-dependent gene expression in TCs and spores were correlated with cell density, the alignment of neighboring rods, and the tangential orientation of rods early in the development of NFBs. These dynamic radial patterns support a model in which the arrangement of cells within the NFBs affects C-signaling efficiency to regulate precisely the expression of developmental genes and cellular differentiation in space and time. Developmental patterns in other bacterial biofilms may likewise rely on short-range signaling to communicate multiple aspects of cellular arrangement, analogous to juxtacrine and paracrine signaling during animal development.</p>
Reversal data during aggregation of Myxococcus xanthus
<p>Reversal data of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus during<br>the formation of aggregates under starvation conditions. The data is<br>separated into two files based on whether an individual bacterium is<br>moving towards or away from the nearest aggregate. Space is measured<br>in micrometers and time in minutes. Each file includes the length of<br>time before the bacteria changes directions, the speed during that<br>period, the distance from the nearest aggregate, the bearing angle<br>with respect to that aggregate, and the local cellular density when a<br>bacterium starts moving in a new direction.<br><br>This data was obtained by processing images from the Welch Lab at<br>Syracuse University. These images are published in "Cell behaviors<br>underlying Myxococcus xanthus aggregate dispersal" (DOI:<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00425-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00425-23</a>). The associated dataset is<br><a href="../records/8166434" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://<span>zenodo</span>.org/records/8166434</a>.</p>
Data from: Kin discrimination and outer membrane exchange in Myxococcus xanthus: a comparative analysis among natural isolates
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Confocal images from: Cell density, alignment, and orientation correlate with C-signal-dependent gene expression during Myxococcus xanthus development
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Cell behaviors underlying Myxococcus xanthus aggregate dispersal
<p>The soil bacterium Myxococcus <em>xanthus</em> is a model organism with a set of diverse behaviors. These behaviors include the starvation-induced multicellular development program, in which cells move collectively to assemble multicellular aggregates. After initial aggregates have formed, some will disperse, with smaller aggregates having a higher chance of dispersal. Initial aggregation is driven by two changes in cell behavior: cells slow down inside of aggregates and bias their motion by reversing direction less frequently when moving towards aggregates. </p> <p>However, the cell behaviors that drive dispersal are unknown. Here we use fluorescent microscopy to quantify changes in cell behavior after initial aggregates have formed. We observe that after initial aggregate formation, cells adjust the bias in reversal timings by initiating reversals more rapidly when approaching unstable aggregates. Using agent-based modeling, we then show dispersal is predominantly generated by this change in bias, which is strong enough to overcome slowdown inside aggregates. Notably, the change in reversal bias is correlated with the nearest aggregate’s size, connecting cellular activity to previously observed correlations between aggregate size and fate. To determine if this connection is consistent across strains, we analyze a second M. <em>xanthus</em> strain with reduced levels of dispersal. We find that far fewer cells near smaller aggregates modified their bias. This implies that aggregate dispersal is under genetic control, providing a foundation for further investigations into the role it plays in the life cycle of M. <em>xanthus</em>.</p>
Data from: Plastic multicellular development of Myxococcus xanthus: genotype-environment interactions in a physical gradient
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DNA regions bound by Myxococcus xanthus ParB and FrzCD
GEO Series GSE102724. Myxococcus xanthus. 2 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Global profiling of developmental gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus
GEO Series GSE9477. Myxococcus xanthus. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
The orphan response regulator DigR is required for synthesis of extracellular matrix fibrils in Myxococcus xanthus
GEO Series GSE9501. Myxococcus xanthus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global profiling of gene expression in the ΔdigR and ΔsgmT mutant of Myxococcus xanthus
GEO Series GSE34408. Myxococcus xanthus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Myxococcus xanthus cells: wild-type vs. EBP mutant gene expression during development
GEO Series GSE13523. Myxococcus xanthus. 113 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global profiling of gene expression during glycerol-induced spore formation in Myxococcus xanthus
GEO Series GSE17912. Myxococcus xanthus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global profiling of gene expression in A signal mutants of Myxococcus xanthus
GEO Series GSE18029. Myxococcus xanthus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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