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214 results for “Native American”
Survey of Native American Archaeological Sites in Massachusetts 12000-300 BP
The interpretation that pre-contact Native American land-use played an increasing role in landscape dynamics through the Holocene is prevalent in historical, scientific and popular literature. This exerts a strong influence on modern conservation practices especially the use of prescribed fire (Cronon 1984, Abrams 2002, Pyne 1984, Mann 2002) and yet there has never been a robust analysis of relevant archaeological and paleoecological data on the subject. This data is used in the archaeological component of a larger National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded research project intended to analyze the triggers and drivers of ecosystem dynamics. More specifically, the research aims to determine the role of human activity (fire, land clearance, horticulture) in shaping vegetation dynamics. Some of the alternative hypotheses examined in the archaeological analysis include: (1) do we see progressively intensive cultural development and increasingly intensive land use throughout the pre-Contact period?; (2) do we see cultural continuity with fairly passive responses to environmental change and minimal ecological impact of people?; or (3) is cultural adaptation environmental and/or cultural specific, with clear influence of human agency? Our collaborative ecological and social research (Duranleau 2009, Foster and Aber 2004, Chilton et al. 2010) position us to undertake such a regional synthesis as one critical element of the proposed study on ecological dynamics and regime shifts. This synthesis will allow us to consider basic ecological questions concerning interactions among climate, disturbance and human activity in ecosystem dynamics; provide a landscape and regional test of a hypothesis put forth by Munoz et al. (2010) concerning the link between environmental change and cultural development in northeastern North America; and position our archaeological community to apply new ecological perspectives to their research. The archaeological component is derived from intensive
Coastal Native American Archaeological Sites in New York and Southern New England 12000-400 BP
Information on coastal Native American archaeological sites in New York and southern New England was compiled from various state historical commissions. The data include the following characteristics: Project Area, Project Size, and Cultural Remains, which identifies the presence of either pre-Contact (PRE) or historic (HI) material, or the lack of cultural material (NCM). Site type Site Type delineates the type of pre-Contact site represented by the artifacts and features identified at a location, which ranges from a Find Spot (FS) (a tool or piece of chipping debris found on the surface or found alone), and a Short-term Site (ST) (presence of artifacts indicating temporary use of a location), to a Seasonal Site (SE) (a site containing evidence of repeated occupation over long periods of time and with features and evidence for a broad range of activities), and a Sedentary Site (SD) (evidence of year-round habitation in form of botanical, faunal, fish and shellfish remains; presence of hearths, storage pits and middens; large variety and great quantity of tool types). Time periods Time Periods include: the Paleoindian Period (P) (12,000-10,000 BP); Early Archaic (EA) (10,000-8000 BP), Middle Archaic (MA) (8000-6000 BP), Late Archaic (LA) (6000-3000 BP), Transitional Archaic (TA) (3500-2500 BP), Early Woodland (EW) (3000-2000 BP), Middle Woodland (MW) (2000-1000 BP), Late Woodland (LW) (1000-500 BP), Contact period (C) (A.D. 1500-1620), and sites of unknown temporal affiliation (U). Activities The activities represented by the artifacts recovered from the sites include: lithic tool repair (LTR) (chipping debris), lithic workshop (LTW) (chipping debris, hammerstones, cores), hunting (HU) (faunal material and/or projectile points), fishing (FI) (net weights, fish hooks, fish bone), shellfish gathering (SG) (presence of shell), plant gathering (PG) (presence of charred seeds and/or nuts), food processing (FP) (bifaces, scrapers, knives, blades, and other lithic tools, f
Native North American Silene (L.) Occurrences Filtered from GBIF
<p>This is a dataset including all Native <em>Silene</em> species accepted in taxonomic nomenclature and considered to inhabit the North American range. Data was downloaded using rgbif::occ_download and accessed from R via rgbif (https://github.com/ropensci/rgbif) on 2023-03-29. The original unfiltered GBIF occurrences can be download at https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.g89y2y, and https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0128277-230224095556074.zip. The data is filtered to have coordinates in North America, no geospatial issues, no spatial duplicates filtered to the infraspecific epithet, no coordinate uncertainty greater than 100000 meters, and no occurrences lying within 1km of a college or university. This dataset is incomplete as it does not include ALL observations that occur in North American countries as observations lacking a continent field of "north_america" in GBIF are not included.</p>
Figure 1 in Helminth fauna of the invasive American red-eared slider Trachemys scripta in eastern Spain: potential implications for the conservation of native terrapins
Figure 1. Sampling localities of the American red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta in eastern Spain. (A) Protected wetland 'Marjal de Peñíscola'; (B) 'Cabanes-Torreblanca' Natural Park; (C) Protected Landscape 'Desembocadura del Mijares'; (D) Protected wetland 'Marjal de Gandía'; (E) Site of Community Importance 'Marjal de La Safor'.
Fig. 3 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 3. New fossil specimens of Typotheria and Toxodontia from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA. A, B. Colbertiasp. A. IBIGEO-P 58a, left maxillary fragment with M2–M3 in occlusal view. B. IBIGEO-P 58b, left maxillary fragment with P4–M3 in occlusal view. C–E. Pampahippus secundus Deraco and García-López, 2016. C. IBIGEO-P 62, right trigonid and incomplete talonid of a lower right molar in occlusal view. D. IBIGEO-P 63, fragmented left p3 or p4 in occlusal view. E. IBIGEO-P 64, left m1? in occlusal (E1), labial (E2), and lingual (E3) views. Photographs (A1–E1, E3, E4), explanatory drawings (A2–E2). Dashed area indicates broken or missing dental areas.
Fig. 1 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 1. New fossil materials of Litopterna, Astrapotheria, and Notostylopidae from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA, Eocene. A. cf. Ernestokokenia sp. (IBIGEO-P 65), fragmented left upper cheek tooth in occlusal view. B. Astrapotheria indet. (IBIGEO-P 66), left maxillary fragment with three broken molariforms in lingual (B1) and occlusal (B3) views, and detail showing Hunter-Schreger bands (B4); dashed area in B2 indicates broken or missing dental areas. C. Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57b), right m2? in occlusal (C1), lingual (C3), and labial (C4) views. D.?Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57a), left m1? in occlusal view. Photographs (A1, B1, B3, B4, C1, C3, C4, D1), explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2).
Fig. 7 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 7 Cranium of Ma. patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 5700) in dorsal A and ventral B views. The cranium (PIMUZ A/V 5700) only preserves its posterior portion and basicranium, and was previously subjected to a poor restoration with plaster which covers some of the cranial structures
Fig. 6 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 6 Limb bones of Toxodon cf. T. platensis from the Roth collections in Zurich and Geneva. Right femur (PIMUZ A/V 4216) in A anterior view, and B posterior view. Partial left humerus (MHNG GEPI V3665) in C anterior view, and D posterior view. Left ulna (PIMUZ A/V 4290) in E lateral view, and F medial view
Fig. 2 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 2 Cranium of Mesotherium cristatum (PIMUZ A/V 467). A Ventral view. B Detail (left) and drawing (right) of the upper right dentition in occlusal view. C Lateral view. D Dorsal view. Notice the inflated epitympanic theca, the lateral borders of premaxilla diverging rostrally, the mesiodistally elongated I1 and the lateral orientation of the parastyle of M3 (see Fernández-Monescillo et al., 2023b)
Fig. 3 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 3 Mandible of Mesotherium cristatum. PIMUZ A/V 467 (A–D). A Detail of the left lower dentition in occlusal view. Mandible in B dorsal view, C lateral, and D anterior views. E PIMUZ A/V 4133 in dorsal view. Notice the differences in size and occlusal outlines of i1 and i2, the constricted lateral borders and concave ventral border of the symphysis (see Fernández-Monescillo et al., 2023b)
Fig. 1 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 1 Geographic provenance of the SANUs specimens of the Roth collection from the Pampean Region, Argentina
Fig. 4 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 4 Partial skull of Toxodon cf. T. platensis (PIMUZ A/V 5697). A Caudal portion of the cranium in dorsal view. B Occiput in caudal view
Fig. 5 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 5 Mandible and dentition of Toxodon cf. T. platensis. Mandible (PIMUZ A/V 4163) in A dorsal and B lateral views. C Mandible (PIMUZ A/V 4210) in dorsal view. D Right p1 (left) and m2 (right) in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4163). E Right m2 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4233). F Left P4 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4245). G Right P3 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4199)
Fig. 9 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 9 Cervical (C2–7) and thoracic (T1–5) vertebrae of Macrauchenia patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 5700). A1–3 Second cervical vertebra (C2) in anterior (A1), left lateral (A2), and ventral (A3) views. B1–3 Third cervical vertebra (C3) in anterior (B1), left lateral (B2; mirrored), and ventral (B3) views. C1–3 Fourth cervical vertebra (C4) in anterior (C1), left lateral (C2), and ventral (C3) views. D1–3 Fifth cervical vertebra (C5) in anterior (D1), left lateral (D2), and ventral (D3) views. E1–3 Sixth cervical vertebra (C6) in anterior (E1), left lateral (E2; mirrored), and ventral (E3) views. F1–3 Seventh cervical vertebra (C7) in anterior (F1), left lateral (F2), and ventral (F3) views. G1–3 First thoracic vertebra (T1) in anterior (G1), left lateral (G2; mirrored), and ventral (G3) views. H1–3 Second thoracic vertebra (T2) in anterior (H1), left lateral (H2), and ventral (H3) views. I1–3. Third thoracic vertebra (T3) in anterior (I1), left lateral (I2), and ventral (I3) views. J1–3. Fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) in anterior (J1), left lateral (J2), and ventral (J3) views. K1–3 Fifth thoracic vertebra (T5) in anterior (K1), left lateral (K2; mirrored), and ventral (K3) views. ant fov anterior costal fovea, dor dorsal, fov tran costal fovea of transverse process, nu can nutrient canal, odon proc odontoid process, postzyg postzygapophysis, pos fov posterior costal fovea, prezyg prezygapophysis, spin proc spinous process, tr for transverse foramen, tr proc transverse process, tub small posterior transverse process tubercle, vent ventral
Fig. 8 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 8 Upper dentition of Macraucheniidae. A Illustration of a Cramauchenia normalis upper molar (M1) indicating the cusps and cristae. B Illustration of a Theosodon lydekkeri upper molar (M1) indicating the cusps and cristae. C Illustration of a Macrauchenia patachonica upper molar (M1) indicating the cusps and cristae. D–F Relatively unworn left upper molar (M2) of Ma. patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 4119) in occlusal (D), lingual (E), and mesial (F) views. G–I. Worn right upper molar (M2; here mirrored) of Ma. patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 4118) in occlusal (G), lingual (H), and mesial (I) views. J–L. Unworn right deciduous premolar (dP4; here mirrored) of Ma. patachonica (MHNG GEPI V3659) in occlusal (J), buccal (K), and lingual (L) views. M Left maxilla fragment with P4, M1–2 of Ma. patachonica (MHNG GEPI V3659). The illustration of C. normalis' M1 in A of was based on the specimens MLP 83-III-2–1 and MLP 85-V-VII-3-38a. The illustration of T. lydekkeri' s M1 in B was based on the specimens MACN-A 9269–88 and YPM VPPU 015717.The illustration of Ma. patachonica's M1 in C was based on the specimen MACN-PV 11361, among other specimens. In A–C, the labels of controversial structures are in bold and relevant cusps are highlighted in different colours: blue for paraconule, red for protocone, green for metaconule, yellow for hypocone, and dark yellow for hypocone–metaconule. Notice that even though the dP4 (J–L) and the maxilla fragment with P4, M1–2 (M) share the same specimen number (MHNG GEPI V3659), these are from different individuals considering their different and incompatible ontogenetic stage (see the extreme wear in the permanent P4 in M). dif distolingual fossette, ecg ectocingulum, ets entostyle, hy hypocone, hy-mtl hypocone–metaconule, lmef lingual median fossete, maf mesiolabial fossette, me metacone, mef median fossette, mif mesiolingual fossette, ms mesostyle, mt metastyle, mtl metaconule, pa paracone, pcg precingulum, pplc preparaconule crista, pprc preprotocrista, pr protocone, prl paraconule, ps parastyle, pscg postcingulum, psmlc postmetaconule crista, psplc postparaconule crista, psprc postprotocrista, tb trigon basin
Fig. 10 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina
Fig. 10 Right forelimb of Macrauchenia patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 5700). A–C Scapula in lateral (A), medial (B), and distal (C) views. D–H Humerus in proximal (D), anterior (E), posterior (F), medial (G), and lateral (H) views. I–J Ulna-radius in anterior (I) and posterior (J) views. K Manus (carpals, metacarpals and phalanges) in anterior view. In E the olecranon fossa was restored, so it in PIMUZ is not as deep as it should be. In K the carpals and metacarpals were glued together with the different elements in the right position, but in many cases with a wrong orientation (e.g., pisiform and Mc IV). In addition, the ungual phalanx of the third digit is fragmentary, preserving only its distomedial portion. ae aliform expansion of the radius, bg bicipital groove; ca, capitulum, ce capitular eminence, ch crest of the humerus, ctm crista tuberculi minoris, cu cuneiform, dpc deltopectoral crest, dt deltoid tuberosity, gl glenoid cavity; gt, greater tubercle, h head of the humerus, hp hamatus process, ht humeral trochlea, if fossa infraspinata, it intermediate tubercle, le lateral epicondyle, lt lesser tubercle; lu lunate, ma magnum, mcp medial coronoid process (processus coronoideus medialis), me medial epicondyle, of olecranon fossa, ol olecranon (tuber olecrani), pa anconeal process (processus anconeus), pi pisiform, ra radius, rf radial fossa; rt, radial or bicipital tuberosity (tuberositas radii), sc scaphoid, scn scapular notch, sf fossa supraspinata, shp suprahamatus process, sp styloid process (processus styloideus), sr supracondylar ridge, st supraglenoid tubercle, tr trapezium, trd trapezoid, trl tricipital line, tsp tuber of the scapular spine, ttm tuberosity of the teres major, ul ulna, un unciform
Рис. 6. МоΔеΛирование экоΛогических ниш коΛораΔского жука ΔΛя ΔаΛьневосточного, европейского и североамериканского ареаΛов метоΔом метрического Δвухмерного шкаΛирования с применением коэффициента Жаккара Fig. 6. Models of ecological niches of the Colorado potato beetle for the Far Eastern, European, and North-American habitats (metric multidimensional scaling, Jaccard index) in Comparative characterization of the ecology of native (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata) and invasive (Leptinoatrsa decemlineata) species under the conditions of the monsoon climate in the southern part of the Russian Far East
Рис. 6. МоΔеΛирование экоΛогических ниш коΛораΔского жука ΔΛя ΔаΛьневосточного, европейского и североамериканского ареаΛов метоΔом метрического Δвухмерного шкаΛирования с применением коэффициента Жаккара Fig. 6. Models of ecological niches of the Colorado potato beetle for the Far Eastern, European, and North-American habitats (metric multidimensional scaling, Jaccard index)
Figure 1 in New records, extended and updated geographic distribution of the South American native antlion Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
Figure 1 Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) (GEEFAA/UFRN-1342), female specimen collected in Quintos de Cima, Equador, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (a) General dorsal view, (b) dorsal view of the apex of the posterior wing, (c) anterior legs, (d) posterior legs.
Figure 3 in New records, extended and updated geographic distribution of the South American native antlion Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
Figure 3 Sampling site and observation records of the antlion Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) in the new easternmost records, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (a) Sítio Trapiá, Quintos de Cima, sampling site of the specimen GEEFAA/UFRN-1342, (b) photographic record on previously mentioned locality, (c) photographic record on Mossoró (kindly provided by Heinz T Dantas-UERN).
Figure 2 in New records, extended and updated geographic distribution of the South American native antlion Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
Figure 2 Updated geographic distribution of the antlion Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833) highlighting primary and secondary data according to bioregionalization of terrestrial ecosystems.
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