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40 results for “Neanderthals”
The Neanderthal Niche Space of Western Eurasia - Supplemental Material
<p>The data provided here are the supplemental information accompanying the journal article <strong>The Neanderthal Niche Space of Western Eurasia 145ka to 30ka ago</strong> by Yaworsky, Nielsen, & Nielsen. All analyses were performed in R v4.5.0 and are documented in the HTML document, <strong>Supplemental 9</strong>.</p> <p>List of Supplemental Files:</p> <ol> <li><strong>ROCEEH Archaeological Observations - File name: </strong><em><strong>FaunalData_52923_NOANIMALS.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Retrieved from <em>Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans Out-of Africa Database (</em>http://www.roceeh.net)</li> <li>Original PHP query is found in Supplemental 9. The zooarchaeological observations have been removed from the original PHP query.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>ROCEEH Dates Data - File name: </strong><em><strong>Dates_Geog.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Retrieved from <em>Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans Out-of Africa Database (</em>http://www.roceeh.net)</li> <li>Original PHP query is found in Supplemental 9. These are the Geolayer dates.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>ROCEEH Dates Data - File name: </strong><em><strong>Dates_Assem.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Retrieved from <em>Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans Out-of Africa Database (</em>http://www.roceeh.net)</li> <li>Original PHP query is found in Supplemental 9. These are the ArchLayer dates.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>ROCEEH Dates Data - File name: </strong><em><strong>Dates_ArchLayer.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Retrieved from <em>Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans Out-of Africa Database (</em>http://www.roceeh.net)</li> <li>Original PHP query is found in Supplemental 9. These are the Assemblage dates.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Archaeological Observations - File name: </strong><em><strong>ArchaeologicalData_V1.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Derived from Supplemental 1 after removing observations that dated outside of the 145ka to 50ka year range, all NA values, and observations duplicated in time and space (1000-year range).</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Background Points - File name: </strong><em><strong>AbsencePointData.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Randomly generated background points. 100 random points were generated in each millennium.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Predictions - File name: </strong><em><strong>SDM_MainGIF.mp4</strong></em> <ol> <li>High-resolution mp4 file showing the predictions of the Neanderthal niche space from 145ka to 30ka ago.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Neanderthal Niche Space 145ka to 30ka ago- File name: </strong><em><strong>Human_Niche_Size.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Quantification of the Neanderthal niche space for each millennium.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Analysis Markdown Document - File Name: </strong><em><strong>NeanderEdgeMD_v5.html</strong></em> <ol> <li>Markdown illustrating step-by-step the methods used to organize and analyze the data.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Delta O18 Record - File name: </strong><em><strong>LisieckiRaymod18O.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Delta O18 Record from Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005.</li> <li>Used in Figure 1 of the publication to illustrate the relationship between Neanderthal niche size and Delta O18 values.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Neanderthal Niche Space 350ka ago to Present - File name: </strong><em><strong>Human_Niche_Size_350k.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Neanderthal niche space estimates from 350ka to the present based on the model constructed around the 145ka to 50ka ago archaeological observations.</li> <li>Not discussed in the main publication.</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>The NeanderEDGE Project is funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond) case number 9062-00027B.</p>
The ecological niche and distribution of Neanderthals during the Last Interglacial [supplementary materials]]
<p>Supplementary material of the paper: Benito, B.M., Svenning, J.‐C., Kellberg‐Nielsen, T., Riede, F., Gil‐Romera, G., Mailund, T., Kjaergaard, P.C. and Sandel, B.S. (2017), The ecological niche and distribution of Neanderthals during the Last Interglacial. J. Biogeogr., 44: 51-61. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12845">https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12845</a></p> <p>Files:</p> <p>- average_habitat_suitability.tif: geotif file describing the average habitat suitability (computed from a large ensemble of small models) for Homo neanderthalensis during the last interglacial.</p> <p>- standard deviation.tif: geotif with the standard deviation of the ensemble of small models mentioned above. Large values indicate a low consensus among models, while small values indicate a high consensus among models.</p> <p>- suitability_and_deviation.pdf: plot of the two previous maps blended through "whitening". Colors indicate habitat suitability, while "whitening" indicates higher standard deviation (lack of consensus).</p> <p>- neanderthal_eemian_sites_Appendix_I.xlsx: input dataset used to fit the models.</p>
Text-fig. 3. Two re-determined gastropod species from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in collections of the Podtatranské Museum in Poprad. a) Helix pomatia (P-14283); b) Cepaea vindobonensis (P-14288). Scale bars 50 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 3. Two re-determined gastropod species from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in collections of the Podtatranské Museum in Poprad. a) Helix pomatia (P-14283); b) Cepaea vindobonensis (P-14288). Scale bars 50 mm.
Text-fig. 2. Floral record from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a–c) Salix L.; d–f) Quercus L.; g) Fraxinus excelsior L.; h) Pinus L.; i) Poaceae, stem of cf. Poa sp.; j) Betula L.; k) Salix rosmarinifolia L., leaf detail; l) Salix rosmarinifolia L. All scale bars (except "g") are 20 mm, for "g" 50 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 2. Floral record from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a–c) Salix L.; d–f) Quercus L.; g) Fraxinus excelsior L.; h) Pinus L.; i) Poaceae, stem of cf. Poa sp.; j) Betula L.; k) Salix rosmarinifolia L., leaf detail; l) Salix rosmarinifolia L. All scale bars (except "g") are 20 mm, for "g" 50 mm.
Text-fig. 1. Location of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in northern Slovakia and the rest of the travertine mound (map source: https://commons.wikimedia.org and Google Earth; 2017). in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 1. Location of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in northern Slovakia and the rest of the travertine mound (map source: https://commons.wikimedia.org and Google Earth; 2017).
Text-fig. 4. Non-mammalian record from travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Emys orbicularis s. l. (NM-Rv 21001), internal core of shell in dorsal view; b) Vipera berus (P-14297), partly articulated skeleton in dorsal view; c–e) Aves gen. et sp. (c: NM-Rv 21002a, d: NM-Rv 21002b; e: P-14292), feather impressions in travertine. All scale bars (except "b") are 50 mm, for "b" 10 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 4. Non-mammalian record from travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Emys orbicularis s. l. (NM-Rv 21001), internal core of shell in dorsal view; b) Vipera berus (P-14297), partly articulated skeleton in dorsal view; c–e) Aves gen. et sp. (c: NM-Rv 21002a, d: NM-Rv 21002b; e: P-14292), feather impressions in travertine. All scale bars (except "b") are 50 mm, for "b" 10 mm.
Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted.
The contribution of Neanderthal introgression and natural selection to neurodegenerative diseases
<p>Files used to create binary annotations for LDSC in the following repository: https://github.com/RHReynolds/als-neanderthal-analysis.</p> <p>See the following link for details: https://github.com/RHReynolds/als-neanderthal-analysis/tree/main/raw_data/01_annotations</p>
Neanderthal Composite - A-Pose
Neanderthals were ancient humans who lived in Eurasia. Many specifically Neanderthal traits could be explained by adaptation to cold environments. XR viewing capable. Model made by Keith Chan using Blender. The model includes teeth and a Mousterian point hafted on a spear. The whole dimensions are 1.19m x 0.324m x 1.65m. See this model and more in life size at [AnVRopomotron.com](http://www.anvropomotron.com). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
A protective HLA extended haplotype outweighs the major COVID-19 risk factor inherited from Neanderthals in the Sardinian population
<p>Sardinia has one of the lowest incidences of hospitalization and related mortality in Europe. In this dataset we reported 358 patients with COVID-19, in which we evaluated the frequency of the Neanderthal risk locus variant on chromosome 3 (rs35044562), considered to be a major risk factor for a severe SARS-CoV-2 disease course.</p>
Animated 3d scan of a neanderthal boy ТashikТash
Animated 3d scan of a neanderthal boy from the grotto Тashik-Тash Анимированный трехмерный скан мальчика-неандертальца из грота Ташик-Таш (Узбекистан). Хранитель Сударикова Е., обработка и трехмерное сканирование Ахтамзян А. Оригинальная модель: https://skfb.ly/6IuXy Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Reinterpretation of Max Planck Neanderthal Y chromosome study
<p>Genetic datasets and Python scripts used to analyze them.</p>
Neanderthal Composite
Neanderthals were ancient humans who lived in Eurasia. Many specifically Neanderthal traits could be explained by adaptation to cold environments. XR viewing capable. Model made by Keith Chan using Blender. The model includes teeth and a Mousterian point hafted on a spear. The whole dimensions are 0.433m x 1.53m x 1.67m. [Customize your own with the A-pose version.](https://skfb.ly/ou6Ks) See this model and more in life size at [AnVRopomotron.com](http://www.anvropomotron.com). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Correlated and geographically predictable Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies are difficult to reconcile with a simple model based on inter-breeding
<p>Although the presence of archaic hominin legacies in humans is taken for granted, little attention has been given as to how the data fit with how humans colonised the world. Here I show that Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies are strongly correlated and that, like heterozygosity, distance from Africa predicts legacy size. Simulations confirm that, once created, legacy size is extremely stable: it may reduce through admixture with lower legacy populations but cannot increase detectably through neutral drift. Consequently, populations carrying the highest legacies must also be those whose ancestors inter-bred most with archaics. However, the populations with the highest legacies are globally scattered and are unified, not by having origins within the known Neanderthal range, but instead by living in locations that lie furthest from Africa. Furthermore, the Simons Genome Diversity Project data reveal two very distinct correlations between Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies, one that starts in North Africa and increases west to east across Eurasia and into some parts of Oceania, and a second, much steeper trend that starts in Africa, peaking with the San and Ju/'hoansi and which, if extrapolated, predicts the large inferred legacies of both archaics found in Oceania / Australia. These trends are difficult to reconcile with classical models of how introgression occurred but may fit a speculative model in which the loss of diversity that occurred when humans moved further from Africa created a gradient in heterozygosity that in turn progressively reduced mutation rate such that populations furthest from Africa have diverged less from our common ancestor and hence from the archaics. The two distinct trends could be interpreted in terms of two 'out of Africa' events, an early one ending in Oceania and Australia and a later one that colonised Eurasia and the Americas.</p>
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal 1) (433rp15)
***Homo neanderthalensis*** Location: Neander Valley, Germany. Age: 40,000 years B.P. Material: plaster cast. Dimensions: length, 232 mm; width, 33 mm; height, 23 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 433rp15 (cast). Right radius. Type specimen fossil for Neanderthal. Discovered in 1856 and reported in 1857 by Johann Carl Fuhlrott and Hermann Schaaffhausen. Cast made between 1930 and 1952 by Mr. F. O. Barlow of the R. F. Damon & Co., London. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Aidan Paul. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal 1) (433rp13)
***Homo neanderthalensis*** Location: Neander Valley, Germany. Age: 40,000 years B.P. Material: plaster cast. Dimensions: length, 137 mm; width, 25 mm; height, 18 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 433rp13 (cast). Right clavicle. Type specimen fossil for Neanderthal. Discovered in 1856 and reported in 1857 by Johann Carl Fuhlrott and Hermann Schaaffhausen. Cast made between 1930 and 1952 by Mr. F. O. Barlow of the R. F. Damon & Co., London. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Aidan Paul and Jordyn Gray. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal 1) (1979rp34)
***Homo neanderthalensis*** Location: Neander Valley, Germany. Age: 40,000 years B.P. Material: plaster cast. Dimensions: length, 206 mm; width, 152 mm; height, 85 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp34 (cast). Cranial vault, or calotte. Type specimen fossil for Neanderthal, known as Neanderthal 1. Discovered in 1856 and reported in 1857 by Johann Carl Fuhlrott and Hermann Schaaffhausen. Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Jordyn Gray. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal 1) (433rp14)
***Homo neanderthalensis*** Location: Neander Valley, Germany. Age: 40,000 years B.P. Material: plaster cast. Dimensions: length, 145 mm; width, 30 mm; height, 33 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 433rp14 (cast). Right ulna fragment. Type specimen fossil for Neanderthal. Discovered in 1856 and reported in 1857 by Johann Carl Fuhlrott and Hermann Schaaffhausen. Cast made between 1930 and 1952 by Mr. F. O. Barlow of the R. F. Damon & Co., London. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Aidan Paul and Jordyn Gray. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal 1) (433rp11)
***Homo neanderthalensis*** Location: Neander Valley, Germany. Age: 40,000 years B.P. Material: plaster cast. Dimensions: length, 258 mm; width, 62 mm; height, 32 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 433rp11 (cast). Left humerus. Type specimen fossil for Neanderthal. Discovered in 1856 and reported in 1857 by Johann Carl Fuhlrott and Hermann Schaaffhausen. Cast made between 1930 and 1952 by Mr. F. O. Barlow of the R. F. Damon & Co., London. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Aidan Paul. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fig. 3 in Non-ultrametric phylogenetic trees shed new light on Neanderthal introgression
Fig. 3 Neanderthals (red square termed N) and ancient non-African humans (blue square termed H) branching from a common ancestor. Two scenarios are illustrated, each of them relying on a square with distinct molecular clock calibration. Our method suggests what follows: if the split took place 400,000 years ago, the introgression occurred about 40,000 years ago (A); if the split took place 600,000 years ago, the introgression occurred about 75,000 years ago (B)
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