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Lista de gordiáceos (Nematomorpha) do Brasil

<p>Nematomorpha, comumente conhecidos como vermes-crina-de-cavalo ou gordi&aacute;ceos, constituem um filo de vermes longos e delgados que mant&eacute;m uma rela&ccedil;&atilde;o parasit&aacute;ria com artr&oacute;podes. No Brasil, esses organismos apresentam ainda uma diversidade pouco conhecida, com esp&eacute;cies vivendo em habitats marinhos e de &aacute;gua doce. Apenas sete esp&eacute;cies foram registradas com hospedeiros conhecidos. Esses registros brasileiros est&atilde;o distribu&iacute;dos em 10 estados, sendo que Minas Gerais se destaca com o maior n&uacute;mero de registros (Carvalho, 1942, 1944, 1946, Carvalho; Feio, 1950), um legado atribu&iacute;do ao proeminente zo&oacute;logo brasileiro, Dr.&nbsp;<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos&eacute;_C&acirc;ndido_de_Mello_Carvalho" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jos&eacute; Candido M. Carvalho</a>. Este levantamento marca o primeiro invent&aacute;rio abrangente de esp&eacute;cies de Nematomorpha descritas para o Brasil. Os Nematomorpha apresentam um ciclo de vida interessante que envolve parasitismo obrigat&oacute;rio em artr&oacute;podes aqu&aacute;ticos durante sua fase larval. Esse ciclo envolve a infec&ccedil;&atilde;o de hospedeiros aqu&aacute;ticos (parat&ecirc;nicos) por ingest&atilde;o passiva. No entanto, &eacute; importante notar que certas esp&eacute;cies tamb&eacute;m s&atilde;o capazes de formar cistos livres ou infectar hospedeiros finais diretamente. As larvas dos gordi&aacute;ceos se desenvolvem dentro dos hospedeiros definitivos, principalmente grilos, gafanhotos, louva-a-deus ou baratas, e emergem posteriormente na &aacute;gua quando esses hospedeiros s&atilde;o induzidos a entrar no ambiente aqu&aacute;tico. Isso permite que o parasito emerja e fa&ccedil;a a transi&ccedil;&atilde;o para adultos de vida livre, que n&atilde;o se alimentam. Esse ciclo complexo tem implica&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas para a ecologia dos ecossistemas de &aacute;gua doce, influenciando as popula&ccedil;&otilde;es de insetos e suas intera&ccedil;&otilde;es com outros organismos. O ciclo de vida &uacute;nico e a diversidade de Nematomorpha no Brasil oferecem uma grande oportunidade para o estudo da ecologia e a evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o desses organismos em um contexto Neotropical. No entanto, apesar de sua import&acirc;ncia ecol&oacute;gica, no Brasil, os membros de Nematomorpha ainda s&atilde;o pouco estudados em muitos aspectos. Pesquisas adicionais s&atilde;o necess&aacute;rias para elucidar melhor sua diversidade, distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o e papel nos ecossistemas aqu&aacute;ticos brasileiros, o que pode ter implica&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas para a conserva&ccedil;&atilde;o da biodiversidade e a gest&atilde;o de recursos h&iacute;dricos.</p> <p>A Lista de gordi&aacute;ceos do Brasil foi organizada por meio dos esfor&ccedil;os do <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cat&aacute;logo Taxon&ocirc;mico da Fauna do Brasil</a> (CTFB), iniciado em 2015. Antes dessa iniciativa, havia apenas uma estimativa de 12 esp&eacute;cies desse filo no pa&iacute;s (Lewinshon; Prado, 2005). Quando o projeto come&ccedil;ou, esse grupo tinha 16 esp&eacute;cies catalogadas e, com uma extensa busca na literatura, finalmente compilamos 23 nomes de Nematomorpha descritos e/ou registrados no Brasil.</p> <p>As esp&eacute;cies listadas no CTFB s&atilde;o aquelas documentadas na literatura com o Brasil listado como localidade-tipo ou identificadas (e publicadas) dentro do territ&oacute;rio brasileiro. Tr&ecirc;s nomes foram considerados inv&aacute;lidos (Schmidt-Rhaesa <em>et al</em>., 2008). Como nenhuma aloca&ccedil;&atilde;o adequada foi fornecida para esses nomes (e.g., <em>species inquirenda</em>, <em>nomen nudum</em>, sin&ocirc;nimo j&uacute;nior, etc.), eles foram mantidos pendentes de revis&atilde;o de material-tipo e/ou localidade-tipo por especialistas. As esp&eacute;cies end&ecirc;micas s&atilde;o aquelas relatadas exclusivamente no Brasil, enquanto aquelas relatadas tamb&eacute;m em outras regi&otilde;es s&atilde;o consideradas "n&atilde;o end&ecirc;micas do Brasil". Nenhuma dessas esp&eacute;cies atualmente &eacute; considerada amea&ccedil;ada ou em risco.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Conte&uacute;do dos arquivos:</strong></h2> <p>Disponibilizamos dois arquivos em formato <strong>.csv</strong> incluindo uma aba em cada. O conte&uacute;do das abas est&aacute; organizado da seguinte forma, respectivamente:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Brazilian Nematomorpha PT April 26th 2024.csv" [aba Lista PT] &ndash; Lista detalhada das esp&eacute;cies de Nematomorpha que ocorrem no Brasil, vers&atilde;o em portugu&ecirc;s.</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Brazilian Nematomorpha EN April 26th 2024.csv" [aba List EN] &ndash; Lista detalhada das esp&eacute;cies de Nematomorpha que ocorrem no Brasil, vers&atilde;o em ingl&ecirc;s.</p> <p>O arquivo em formato <strong>.pdf</strong> possui todas as p&aacute;ginas de Nematomorpha (em ordem taxon&ocirc;mica) dispon&iacute;veis ao p&uacute;blico no site do CTFB.<br>Por fim, um arquivo compactado em formato <strong>.rar</strong> disponibiliza as descri&ccedil;&otilde;es originais das esp&eacute;cies listadas, os registros publicados para as esp&eacute;cies listadas, bem como literatura adicional para a compila&ccedil;&atilde;o da presente lista do Brasil.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Lista taxon&ocirc;mica no <a title="Nematomorpha no CTFB" href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177821" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CTFB</a></strong>:</h2> <p>Filo <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177821" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nematomorpha</a> Vejdovsky, 1886<br>&nbsp; Ordem <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/233174" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nectonematoidea</a> Rauther, 1930<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fam&iacute;lia <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232711" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nectonematidae</a> Ward, 1892<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Genus <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232712" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Nectonema</em></a> Verrill, 1879<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232713" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Nectonema agile</em></a> Verrill, 1879<br>&nbsp; Ordem <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/233175" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gordioidea</a> Rauther, 1930<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fam&iacute;lia <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177824" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chordodidae</a> May, 1919<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177835" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Beatogordius</em></a> Heinze, 1934<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177836" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Beatogordius abaiconus</em></a> Carvalho, 1946<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177837" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Beatogordius alfredi</em></a> (Camerano, 1894)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177825" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes</em></a> Creplin, 1847<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177826" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes balzani</em></a> Camerano, 1896<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177827" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes brasiliensis</em></a> Janda, 1893<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177828" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes carioca</em></a> Carvalho &amp; Feio, 1950<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177829" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes carmelitanus</em></a> Carvalho &amp; Feio, 1950<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177830" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes lenti</em></a> Carvalho, 1944<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177833" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes moraisi</em></a> (Carvalho, 1942)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232588" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes parasitus</em></a> Creplin, 1847<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232571" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes penicillatus</em></a> Camerano, 1895<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232579" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes peraccae</em></a> (Camerano, 1894)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177831" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes staviarskii</em></a> Carvalho &amp; Feio, 1950<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232570" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chordodes variopapillatus</em></a> R&ouml;mer, 1895<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232575" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Noteochordodes</em></a> De Miralles &amp; De Villalobos, 2000<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232576" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Noteochordodes talensis</em></a> (Camerano, 1897)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177841" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Paragordius</em></a> Camerano, 1897<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177842" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Paragordius esavianus</em></a> Carvalho, 1942<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177843" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Paragordius flavescens</em></a> von Linstow, 1906<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177844" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Paragordius minusculus</em></a> Carvalho, 1944<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177845" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Paragordius varius</em></a> (Leidy, 1851)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fam&iacute;lia <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177834" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gordiidae</a> May, 1919<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232568" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Acutogordius</em></a> Heinze, 1952<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232569" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Acutogordius acuminatus</em></a> De Miralles &amp; De Villalobos, 1998<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; G&ecirc;nero <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177838" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Gordius</em></a> Linnaeus, 1758<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/177840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Gordius dimorphus</em></a> Poinar, 1991<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232574" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Gordius paranensis</em></a> Camerano, 1892<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Esp&eacute;cie <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/232606" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Gordius robustus</em></a> Leidy, 1851</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS</strong></h2> <p>Carvalho JC (1942) Studies on some Gordiacea of North and South America. <strong>Journal of Parasitology 28</strong>: 213&ndash;222.</p> <p>Carvalho JC (1944) Considera&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre alguns Gordi&aacute;ceos brasileiros com descri&ccedil;&atilde;o de duas esp&eacute;cies novas (Gordiacea, Chododidae). <strong>Revista Brasileira de Biologia 4</strong>: 485&ndash;491.</p> <p>Carvalho JC (1946) Uma nova esp&eacute;cie de Gordi&aacute;ceo do Brasil e considera&ccedil;&otilde;es s&ocirc;bre <em>Chordodes brasiliensis</em> Janda. <strong>Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova serie zoologia 62</strong>: 1-8.</p> <p>Carvalho JC, Feio JL (1950) Sobre alguns Gordi&aacute;ceos do Brasil e da Republica Argentina (Nematomorpha, Goirdioidea). <strong>Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 22</strong>: 193&ndash;206.</p> <p>Lewinsohn TM, Prado PI (2005) How many species are there in Brazil?&nbsp;<strong>Conservation Biology 19</strong>: 619&ndash;624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00680.x.</p> <p>Schmidt-Rhaesa A, De Villalobos LC, Zanca F (2008) Summary of <em>Chordodes</em> species (Nematomorpha, Gordiida), with a discussion of their diagnostic characters. <strong>Verhandlungen des NaturwissenschaftlichenVereins in Hamburg 44</strong>: 37&ndash;114.</p> <p>________________________________________</p> <p><em>Cat&aacute;logo Taxon&ocirc;mico da Fauna do Brasil</em>&nbsp;(<em>CTFB</em>) - link: <a href="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna</a></p>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →
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Figure 3 in First record of adult Nematomorpha Gordius sp. from western Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 3. Microscopic images of the female Gordius sp. from Topçam Dam Lake: a) posterior end of the female (the cloacal aperture); b) anterior end of the specimen (the calotte and pigment ring); c) cuticle; d) anterior segmentation.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →
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Figure 4 in Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes moraisi (Carvalho, 1942) and Chordodes straviarskii Carvalho and Feio, 1950, and re-interpretation of Chordodes gestri Camerano, 1904 and Pseudochordodes griffinii (Camerano, 1898) (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)

Figure 4. SEM of male of ''Pseudochordodes griffinii'' holotype. (A) Cuticle of midbody; (B) areolar group in the middle region of the body. Scale bars: 10 mm.

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Figure 2 in Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes moraisi (Carvalho, 1942) and Chordodes straviarskii Carvalho and Feio, 1950, and re-interpretation of Chordodes gestri Camerano, 1904 and Pseudochordodes griffinii (Camerano, 1898) (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)

Figure 2. SEM of female of Chordodes staviarskii holotype. (A) Ventral view of posterior end with cloacal opening, bristles and radiating grooves (arrow). (B, C) Midbody cuticle: (B) areoles types 1–3 and interareolar tubercle; (C) areoles of type 1–3 and clusters containing types 4 and 6. (D) Areoles type 5 and 6 in the longitudinal ventral groove; b, bristles; t, tubercle. Scale bars: 100 mm (A, D); 10 mm (B); 50 mm (C).

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Figure 1 in Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes moraisi (Carvalho, 1942) and Chordodes straviarskii Carvalho and Feio, 1950, and re-interpretation of Chordodes gestri Camerano, 1904 and Pseudochordodes griffinii (Camerano, 1898) (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)

Figure 1. SEM of female of Chordodes moraisi, holotype. (A) Ventral view of posterior end with cloacal opening; (B) midbody cuticle, areoles types 1–3; (C) tubercle in the interareolar furrow; (D, E) areoles type 4 with long filaments in the longitudinal ventral groove. Scale bars: 100 mm (A, E); 50 mm (B–D).

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Figure 3 in Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes moraisi (Carvalho, 1942) and Chordodes straviarskii Carvalho and Feio, 1950, and re-interpretation of Chordodes gestri Camerano, 1904 and Pseudochordodes griffinii (Camerano, 1898) (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)

Figure 3. SEM of male of ''Chordodes gestri'' holotype. (A, B) Ventral view of posterior end: (A) whole posterior end with cloacal opening (arrow); (B) cloacal opening with circumcloacal bristles. (C) Cuticle at the midbody with megareolar pattern. (D) Areolar pattern in the anterior region of the body. Scale bars: 100 mm (A); 50 mm (B); 10 mm (C, D).

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Figure 3 in Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species

Figure 3. Pseudochordodes meridionalis. Light microscopical (A) and SEM (B) image of body cuticle showing clusters of dark and elevated areoles. (C, D). Distribution of areoles along the ventral midline, which is marked by smaller dark areoles (arrows in C). Midline runs from top to bottom in (C) and from left to right in (D). (E) Ventral view of male posterior end, white arrow indicates position of the cloacal opening. The larger white structure is pollution.

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Figure 2 in Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species

Figure 2. (A–C) Pseudochordodes manteri. (A) Light microscopical image showing two types of areole, single dark, elevated areoles (white arrows) and flat areoles in the megareolar pattern (black arrows); (B, C) SEM image of larger areoles. (D, E) Neochordodes occidentalis, SEM images of cuticle.

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Figure 1. Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus n in Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species

Figure 1. Pseudochordodes bulbareolatus n. sp. (A) Light microscopical preparation of body cuticle showing bulging clusters of areoles; (B–D) SEM overview (B, C) and detail (D) of bulging areolar clusters with areoles in a megareolar pattern in the centre.

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Figure 5. Chordodes polytuberculatus n in Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species

Figure 5. Chordodes polytuberculatus n. sp. (A) Overview of the cuticle showing crowned areoles and abundant tubercles; (B) detail of crowned areoles, surrounded by long and slender areoles.

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Figure 4. Neochordodes chordodides n in Central American and Caribbean species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha), with the description of three new species

Figure 4. Neochordodes chordodides n. sp. (A) Ventral view of male posterior end from Belize specimen, arrow indicates position of cloacal opening (not visible). (B) Longitudinal fold (arrow) on ventral side of posterior end of the male from Costa Rica. (C) Cuticle in midbody of holotype, some areoles with tubercles (arrows). (D) Long and slender bristles from the ventral side of the male posterior end in the region around the cloacal opening. (E) Light microscopical image of the cuticle. Apical bristles are hardly visible.

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Figure 4 in Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937

Figure 4. Chordodes muelleri, female. (A) Stereomicroscope, posterior end with terminal cloacal opening (arrow); (B) body cuticle with simple (1) and tubercle areoles (2); (C) clusters containing crowned (3) and circumcluster (4) areoles; (D) cluster of crowned areoles with long filaments (5) along the ventral midline. Scale bars: 16.6 mm (A); 10 mm (B, C).

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Figure 1 in Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937

Figure 1. Chordodes gariazzi, SEM. (A) Ventral view of male posterior end with cloacal opening (c), arrow indicates position of the bristlefields; (B) general view of the midbody cuticle with simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3), crowned (4), and circumcluster areoles (5); (C) cuticle of the lateral side of the body with simple, bulging, and tubercle areoles (numbering as in B); (D) tubercle areole and areolar cluster of crowned and circumcluster areoles. Scale bars: 100 mm (A); 25 mm (B, C); 10 mm (D).

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Figure 2 in Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937

Figure 2. Chordodes heinzei, male. (A) Stereomicroscope, posterior end with subterminal cloacal opening (arrow). (B–F) SEM: (B) general view of the midbody cuticle; (C) simple and bulging areoles; (D) lateral view of the midbody cuticle; (E) lateral view of cluster with crowned and circumcluster areoles; (F) cluster as in (E) from top. Numbering: simple (1), tubercle (2), bulging (3), crowned (4), and circumcluster (5) areoles. Scale bars: 16.6 mm (A); 100 mm (B); 25 mm (C, F); 12.5 mm (D); 10 mm (E).

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Figure 5 in Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937

Figure 5. Chordodes ruandensis, female. (A) Stereomicroscope, posterior end with terminal cloacal opening (arrow); (B, C) SEM: (B) cuticle of the lateral side of the body with simple areoles; (C) cuticle with crowned (2) and circumcluster (3) areoles. Scale bars: 16.6 mm (A); 10 mm (B, C).

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Figure 3 in Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) from Africa-I. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes gariazzi Camerano, 1902, C. heinzei Sciacchitano, 1937, C. kolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, C. muelleri Sciacchitano, 1937, and C. ruandensis Sciacchitano, 1937

Figure 3. Chordodes kolensis. (A) Stereomicroscope, male posterior end, subterminal cloacal opening (arrow) (AMT 1400). (B–G) SEM: (B) female posterior end with terminal cloacal opening (arrow) (AMT 1390); (C–F) cuticle from male specimens; (C) general view of the midbody cuticle; (D) higher magnification from (C); (E) additional areolar types (labelled 3 and 4); (F) crowned areoles with short filaments from the lateral body sides; (G) female crowned areoles with long apical filaments from the ventral midline. Numbering: simple (1), bulging (2), special types (3, 4), crowned with short filaments (5), circumcluster (6), and crowned with long filaments (7) areoles. Scale bars: 16.6 mm (A); 100 mm (B, C); 25 mm (D); 10 mm (E, F); 50 mm (G).

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Figure 4 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus

Figure 4. Six dissected larvae and praepupae of Pomatophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera), parasitized by Gordius albopunctatus (note that worms are white in colour except for the one to the right which is light brown).

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Figure 1 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus

Figure 1. Gordius albopunctatus. (A) Details of three males with different coloration, white spots are not visible on the lightest specimen (top); (B) ventral view of male posterior end showing tail lobes, cloacal opening, and postcloacal crescent; (C, D) cuticle with regular polygonal areoles. (B–D) SEM. Scale bars: 100 mm (B); 20 mm (C, D).

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Figure 2 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus

Figure 2. Gordionus violaceus. (A, B) Ventral view of male posterior end showing tail lobes, cloacal opening surrounded by spines, and anterolateral rows of bristles (arrows in A); (C) cuticle with rounded areoles which are surrounded by short bristles; (D) magnification of one areole. All SEM. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B); 10 mm (C); 5 mm (D).

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Figure 3 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus

Figure 3. Outline of the Baltic island Bornholm with location of investigated streams and relation of species found in those streams. White, Gordius albopunctatus; black, Gordionus violaceus.

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ScienceDex guides

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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas
neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage
behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb
electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl
behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro
neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record