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Fig. 7. Maximum-likelihood tree for the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit 1 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 7. Maximum-likelihood tree for the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit 1 for specimens of Neoplecostomus microps from rio Paraíba do Sul, rio Guapi- Açu and rio Macaé, and of Neoplecostomus paraty, using TN93+G model (n=21). Neoplecostomus paranensis and Neoplecostomus ribeirensis were used as outgroups.

Fig. 6 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 6. Stream on the road Parati-Cunha, Penha neighborhood, near Serra da Bocaina National Park, rio Perequê-Açú affluent, coastal drainage, Parati Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, near the type locality of Neoplecostomus paraty.

Fig. 5 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 5. Southeastern Brazil showing geographic distribution of Neoplecostomus paraty (red circle) and Neoplecostomus microps (white circle). Type locality indicated by yellow circle. Symbols can represent more than one locality.

Fig. 3 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Right suspensorium in mesial view, showing the size of the sesamoid ossification (black arrow) compared to the size of the interhyal (white arrow) (a) Neoplecostomus paraty, DZSJRP 13914, 59.6 mm SL, male and (b) Neoplecostomus microps, DZSJRP 2144, 62.8 mm SL, female. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 2. Branchial skeleton in dorsal view, showing the accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 (black arrow) in (a) Neoplecostomus paraty, DZSJRP 13914, 59.6 mm SL, male and (b) Neoplecostomus microps, DZSJRP 2144, 62.8 mm SL, female. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 1. Holotype of Neoplecostomus paraty, new species, DZSJRP 20429, 82.2 mm SL, male, stream on the road Parati- Cunha, affluent of rio Perequê-Açú, Serra da Bocaina National Park, Parati, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Fig. 4 in A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil

Fig. 4. Color pattern variation in dorsal view of (a) Neoplecostomus paraty, DZSJRP 12481, 58.9 mm SL, female, (b) Neoplecostomus paraty, DZSJRP 18726, 75.1 mm SL, male, and (c) Neoplecostomus microps, DZSJRP 13913, 91.6 mm SL, male. Detail of the light blotch, horseshoe shaped, with a central dark area (white arrow), posterior to supraoccipital.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio São Francisco basin

FIGURE 2. (a) Ventral view; small plates covered with odontodes randomly distributed to abdomen. (b) Dorsal view; osteology of the head. Paratype, LBP 11835, c&s, 33.4 mm SL.

FIGURE 1. Pareiorhina cepta, MZUSP 111095, 41.5 in Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio São Francisco basin

FIGURE 1. Pareiorhina cepta, MZUSP 111095, 41.5 mm SL, holotype from Córrego do Lavapés, Rio São Francisco basin, municipality of São Roque de Minas, district of São João Batista, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio São Francisco basin

FIGURE 5. Field picture showing type locality of Pareiorhina cepta, Córrego do Lavapés, Rio São Francisco basin, municipality of São Roque de Minas, district of São João Batista, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio São Francisco basin

FIGURE 3. Picture showing the different color pattern of the caudal-fin in species of Pareiorhina. (a) Pareiorhina cepta, (b) P. rudolphi, (c) P. brachyrhyncha, (d) P. c a r ra nc as.

FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio São Francisco basin

FIGURE 4. Map showing the collecting site of Pareiorhina cepta in two streams in Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais State. Triangle—20°08'36"S 46°38'21"W, star—20°15'51"S 46°20'57"W.

FIGURE 35. Pelvic girdle, dorsal view. A in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 35. Pelvic girdle, dorsal view. A, Hypostomus commersoni, MCP 18258. B, Astroblepus longiceps, MZUSP 27842. C, Hemipsilichthys gobio, MCP 19780. D, Isbrueckerichthys alipionis, MCP 19607. E, Neoplecostomus paranensis, MCP 14423. F, Ixinandria steinbachi, MCP 41303. G, Kronichthys subteres, MZUSP 58559. H, Eurycheilichthys pantherinus, MCP 35042. Scale bar 5 mm.

FIGURE 37 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 37. Unbranched ray of pelvic fin, anterior portion, ventral view, right side. A, Hemipsilichthys gobio, MCP 19780. B, Kronichthys lacerta, MCP 21664. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURE 33 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 33. Pectoral girdle, ventral view, right side. A, Hemipsilichthys gobio, MCP 19780. B, Hirtella carinata, MCP 45770. C, Euryochus thysanos, MCP 27701. D, Otocinclus flexilis, MCP 17414. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURE 32. Pectoral girdle, vental view. A in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 32. Pectoral girdle, vental view. A, Delturus carinotus, MCP 49172. B, Hirtella carinata, MCP 45770. C, Euryochus thysanos, MCP 27701. D, Rineloricaria strigilata, MCP 19643. E, Parotocinclus prata, NUP 7403. F, Otocinclus flexilis, MCP 17414. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURE 41 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 41. Euryochus thysanos, holotype, MCP 50000, male, 104.2 mm SL, córrego Limoeiro near Praça Oito, Itarana, Espiríto Santo State, Brazil.

FIGURE 31 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 31. Anterior dorsal-fin skeleton, dorsal view. A, Euryochus thysanos, MCP 27701. B, Neoplecostomus ribeirensis, MCP 28274. C, Pareiorhaphis vestigipinnis, MCP 14345. D, Parotocinclus maculicauda, MCP 31591. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 29 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 29. Caudal vertebrae above anal fin, lateral view, right side. A, Pareiorhaphis hystrix, MCP 14348. B, Hemipsilichthys papillatus, MCP 21423. C, Rineloricaria strigilata, MCP 19643. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURE 27 in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

FIGURE 27. Quadrate, lateral view, left side. A, Pareiorhaphis splendens, MCP 18325. B, Euryochus thysanos, MCP 52555. C, Neoplecostomus micros, MCP 18031. Scale bar 1 mm.