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20 results for “Neotropical primates”
Data from: Differential impact of severe drought on infant mortality in two sympatric neotropical primates
<p>Extreme climate events can have important consequences for the dynamics of natural populations, and severe droughts are predicted to become more common and intense due to climate change. We analysed infant mortality in relation to drought in two primate species (white-faced capuchins, <i>Cebus capucinus imitator,</i> and Geoffroy's spider monkeys, <i>Ateles geoffroyi</i>) in a tropical dry forest in north-western Costa Rica. Our survival analyses combine several rare and valuable long-term data sets, including long-term primate life-history, landscape-scale fruit abundance, food-tree mortality, and climate conditions. Infant capuchins showed a threshold mortality response to drought, with exceptionally high mortality during a period of intense drought, but not during periods of moderate water shortage. In contrast, spider monkey females stopped reproducing during severe drought, and the mortality of infant spider monkeys peaked later during a period of low fruit abundance and high food-tree mortality linked to the drought. These divergent patterns implicate differing physiology, behaviour, or associated factors in shaping species-specific drought responses. Our findings link predictions about the Earth's changing climate to environmental influences on primate mortality risk and thereby improve our understanding of how the increasing severity and frequency of droughts will affect the dynamics and conservation of wild primates.</p>
Fig. 2 in Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates
Fig. 2. Individual infection status by parasite by year. Strength and thickness of lines are scaled to the number of individuals that took a given infection trajectory from one year to the next. Two diagonal lines span 2012‾2014 because those individuals were not sampled in 2013. The + symbols represent every infection or non-infection found across all individuals in the study.
Fig. 3 in Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates
Fig. 3. Parasite species richness by species, age class and sex. Colors represent females (black) and males (gray).
Fig. 1. A in Seasonality, richness and prevalence of intestinal parasites of three neotropical primates (Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus and Cebus versicolor) in a fragmented forest in Colombia
Fig. 1. A. Trichuris sp., B. Oxyuridae, C. Ancylostomatidae, D. Strongyloides sp. (larva), E. Ascarididae, F. Gnathostomatidae, G. Trichostrongylidae, H-I. Trematodes, J. Entamoeba sp. (cyst), K. Acanthocephala, L. Balantidiidae.
Fig. 1 in Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates
Fig. 1. Annual prevalence of single- and co-infections by species. Prevalence indicated for each parasite (dark gray), and each pairwise combination of parasites (light gray). Numbers near the top of each bar show the exact prevalence; black lines indicate 95% confidence intervals; dots indicate expected levels of co-infection (refer to Section 3.2). M-D is co-occurrence of M. mariae and Dipetalonema spp., D-T is Dipetalonema spp. and T. minasense, and M-T is M. mariae and T. minasense.
Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization of Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) with phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema of Neotropical primates
Fig. 1. Macroscopic observation of Dipetalonema yatesi on the capsule of the left kidney (A) and on the parietal peritoneum (B) at the post-mortem examination of a black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek).
Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization of Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) with phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema of Neotropical primates
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Dipetalonema spp. infecting non-human primates (i.e., Ateles spp., Cebus spp., Lagothrix poeppigii, and Saimiri sciureus) using a concatenated dataset of 1615 base pairs including the 18S of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, 12S of the ribosomal RNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of the mitochondrial DNA. The taxa Acanthocheilonema viteae, Litomosoides sigmodontis, and Wuchereria bancrofti were used as outgroups. At each branch, the nodal support is represented by the maximum likelihood percentage above and the Bayesian posterior probability below (the hyphen indicates when support is missing).
Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization of Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) with phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema of Neotropical primates
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Dipetalonema using a dataset of 586 base pairs including the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of the mitochondrial DNA. The black silhouettes of the monkey, tamarin, and camelid indicate the hosts from which the filarioid nematodes were isolated. The taxa Acanthocheilonema viteae, Litomosoides sigmodontis, and Wuchereria bancrofti were used as outgroups. At each branch, the nodal support is represented by the maximum likelihood percentage above and the Bayesian posterior probability below.
Data from: Differential impact of severe drought on infant mortality in two sympatric neotropical primates
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Data from: Assessing the influence of biotic, abiotic, and social factors on the physiological stress of a large Neotropical primate in Atlantic Forest fragments
Wildlife physiological responses to environmental and human-related stressors provide useful clues on animal welfare. Non-invasive biomarkers, such as fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), allow researchers to assess whether variations in habitat quality, behavior, and climate influence the animals' physiological stress. We examined the role of fragment size, ambient temperature, ripe fruit availability and consumption, percentage of records moving, sex, female reproductive state, and group composition as predictors of the level of fGCM in adult brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) inhabiting three small (<10 ha) and three large (>90 ha) Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Brazil. We collected bimonthly behavioral data and fecal samples from adult individuals over three years, and used a multimodel inference framework to identify the main predictors of fGCM. We found that the mean (±SD) fGCM in the study groups ranged from 57 ± 49 ng/g to 93 ± 58 ng/g, which were within the known range for howler monkeys. We found 10 best models including five of the 17 tested variables. Sex and reproductive state were the only variables included in all these models. We found that fGCM was higher in nursing females (mean ± SD = 104 ± 73 ng/g) than in non-nursing females (64 ± 55 ng/g) and males (53 ± 40 ng/g, P < 0.05) and that it decreased with increasing ripe fruit consumption and minimum temperature. However, fragment size did not predict fGCM concentration (groups in small fragments = 71 ± 58 ng/g vs. groups in large fragments = 63 ± 54 ng/g, P > 0.05). We conclude that factors related to the energetic balance of individuals play major roles in modulating the physiological stress of brown howler monkeys. Future studies should investigate the consequences of higher levels of stress hormones on howler monkey health and demography.
Von Spix type specimens of Neotropical primates at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
<p>J. B. von Spix collected many interesting zoological specimens during his travels in South America from 1817 to 1820. The type specimens of Neotropical primates described by von Spix (1823), which are stored at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (German: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns), are figured in the present collection. With the exception of the type of <em>Pithecia capillamentosa</em>, all specimens were collected by von Spix during his journey in Brazil from 1817-1820.</p> <p> </p> <p>The figures consist of scientifically accurate renderings of the specimens in their current condition. They were created by a group of artists, associated with the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, under the guidance of medal-winning scientific artist Barbara Ruppel, consisting of: Anja Bolata, Rudolf Gerer, Dr. Thassilo Franke, Dr. Taciana Ottowitz, Ruth Moch, Michael Jicha and Marco Calogera. The images have been given additional artistic value by adding elements, such as native plants. When using these figures, please credit the original artist.</p> <p> </p> <p>Publications containing these figures:</p> <p>van Heteren, A. H. & Kraft, R. 2019. Von Spix type specimens of Neotropical primates at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology: a revision with reference to the currently recognised species (Mammalia, Primates, Platyrrhina). Spixiana 42(1).</p> <p>Unsöld, M. 2019. Über die Primaten der Brasilienexpedition des Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix: Naturwissenschaftliche Illustrationen aller 41 “Spixaffen” der ZSM. Berichte der Freunde der ZSM Band 5. München (Freunde der Zoologische Staatssammlung München).</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Assessing the influence of biotic, abiotic, and social factors on the physiological stress of a large Neotropical primate in Atlantic Forest fragments
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Data from: Female sociality and sexual conflict shape offspring survival in a Neotropical primate
Most mammals live in social groups in which members form differentiated social relationships. Individuals may vary in their degree of sociality, and this variation can be associated with differential fitness. In some species, for example, female sociality has a positive effect on infant survival. However, investigations of such cases are still rare, and no previous study has considered how male infanticide might constrain effects of female sociality on infant survival. Infanticide is part of the male reproductive strategy in many mammals, and it has the potential to override, or even reverse, effects of female reproductive strategies, including sociality. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between female sociality, offspring survival, and infanticide risk in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys using long-term data from Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Female capuchins formed differentiated bonds, and bond strength was predicted by kin relationship, rank difference, and the presence of female infants. Most females formed stable bonds with their top social partners, although bond stability varied considerably. Offspring of highly social females, who were often high-ranking females, exhibited higher survivorship during stable periods compared with offspring of less social females. However, offspring of highly social females were more likely to die or disappear during periods of alpha male replacements, probably because new alpha males are central to the group, and therefore more likely to target the infants of highly social, central females. This study shows that female sociality in mammals can have negative fitness consequences that are imposed by male behavior.
The vocal repertoire of the bearded capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): implications for understanding the complexity of neotropical primate communication
<p>Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> is endemic to Brazil and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of <i>S. libidinosus</i> living in the<i> Parque Nacional de Brasília</i> (PNB), a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of a <i>S. libidinosus</i> troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (WS; food-associated WS, long-distance WS, and inter-group encounter WS); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/ bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). <i>S. libidinosus</i> presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the<i> S. libidinosus</i> vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.</p> <p>Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> is endemic to Brazil and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of <i>S. libidinosus</i> living in the<i> Parque Nacional de Brasília</i> (PNB), a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of a <i>S. libidinosus</i> troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (WS; food-associated WS, long-distance WS, and inter-group encounter WS); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/ bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). <i>S. libidinosus</i> presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the<i> S. libidinosus</i> vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.</p>
Data from: Female sociality and sexual conflict shape offspring survival in a Neotropical primate
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Data from: The role of rivers as geographical barriers in shaping genetic differentiation and diversity of Neotropical primates
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The vocal repertoire of the bearded capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): implications for understanding the complexity of neotropical primate communication
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Palm-primate interactions: Number of palm species and palm species identity in primate diets according to region (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics); Parts of palm species consumed by primates according to region; palm species of high importance in primate diets according to region; palm seed dispersal by primates according to region
<p>We compiled data on palms in the diets of primates and on palm seed dispersal by primates to criticially discuss the hypothesis by Onstein et al. 2020 (Proc R Soc B) that "the interactions between primates and palms are related to the co-evolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours". Our copilation of data on interactions between palms and primates suggests that the mutualism-dependent co-diversification scenario deployed by Onstein et al. is not supported in view of the low<br> level of extant primate-palm interactions in Africa.</p>
Palm-primate interactions: Number of palm species and palm species identity in primate diets according to region (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics); Parts of palm species consumed by primates according to region; palm species of high importance in primate diets according to region; palm seed dispersal by primates according to region
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Ecol-Lett_Fuzessy-et-al-2021_Phylogenetic_congruence_between_Neotropical_primates_and_plants
<p>Data supporting the results in the Ecology Letters paper DOI: 10.1111/ele.13918:</p> <p>Title: Phylogenetic congruence between Neotropical primates and plants is driven by frugivory</p> <p>Authors: Fuzessy L (lfuzessy@gmail.com), Silveira F A, Culot L, Jordano P, Verdu M.</p> <p>Abstract: Seed dispersal benefits plants and frugivores, and potentially drives co-evolution, with consequences to diversification evidenced for e.g., primates. Evidence for macro-coevolutionary patterns in multi-specific, plant-animal mutualisms is scarce, and the mechanisms driving them remain unexplored. We tested for phylogenetic congruences in primate-plant interactions and showed strong co-phylogenetic signals across Neotropical forests, suggesting that both primates and plants share evolutionary history. Phylogenetic congruence between Platyrrhini and Angiosperms was driven by the most generalist primates, modulated by their functional traits, interacting with a wide-range of Angiosperms. Consistently similar eco-evolutionary dynamics seem to be operating irrespective of local assemblages, since co-phylogenetic signal emerged independently across three Neotropical regions. Our analysis supports the idea that macroevolutionary, coevolved patterns among interacting mutualistic partners are driven by super-generalist taxa. Trait convergence among multiple partners within multi-specific assemblages appears as a mechanism favouring these likely coevolved outcomes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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