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70 results for “Neotropical trees”
Data from: Vegetative phenologies of lianas and trees in two Neotropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes
<ol> <li>Among tropical forests, lianas are predicted to have a growth advantage over trees during seasonal drought, with substantial implications for tree and forest dynamics. We tested the hypotheses that lianas maintain higher water status than trees during seasonal drought and that lianas maximize leaf cover to match high, dry-season light conditions while trees are more limited by moisture availability during the dry season.</li> <li>We monitored the seasonal dynamics of predawn and midday leaf water potentials and leaf phenology for branches of 16 liana and 16 tree species in the canopy of two lowland tropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes in Panama.</li> <li>In a wet, weakly seasonal forest, lianas maintained higher water balance than trees and maximized their leaf cover during dry-season conditions, when light availability was high, while trees experienced drought stress. In a drier, strongly seasonal forest, lianas and trees displayed similar dry season reductions in leaf cover following strong decreases in soil water availability.</li> <li>Greater soil moisture availability and a higher capacity to maintain water status allow lianas to maintain the turgor potentials critical for plant growth in a wet and weakly seasonal forest but not in a dry and strongly seasonal forest.</li> </ol>
Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: trait-climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities
<p>Aim: Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait-climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator due to long-term instability, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates.</p> <p>Location: Neotropics.</p> <p>Time period: Recent.</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Trees.</p> <p>Methods: We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including ~100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence-based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait-climate relationships across local communities using community abundance-weighted means (CWM). Multivariate trait-climate relationships were assessed by a double-constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits.</p> <p>Results: Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower-statured, light-wooded and softer-leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distribution were significantly but weakly related to functional traits.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Particularly, equatorial forests holding the most conservative traits and large seeds are likely to experience the most severe changes if climate change triggers the proliferation of opportunistic tree species.</p>
Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a in Fig. 3 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Responses of Phyllostomid Bats to Traditional Agriculture in Neotropical Montane Forests of Southern Mexico.
Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a plot of four major avian developmental modes (Prum et al. 2015). The complete tree is divided into parts A and B. Scale in the Y-axis: millions of years ago.
Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a in Fig. 3 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Responses of Phyllostomid Bats to Traditional Agriculture in Neotropical Montane Forests of Southern Mexico.
Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a plot of four major avian developmental modes (Prum et al. 2015). The complete tree is divided into parts A and B. Scale in the Y-axis: millions of years ago.
Figure 2. A, Tree resulting from maximum likelihood analysis from the 12S in A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni
Figure 2. A, Tree resulting from maximum likelihood analysis from the 12S data set using the Hasegawa–Kishino–Yano two parameter model (Hasegawa et al., 1985). Included for comparative purposes are bootstrap support from NJ analyses. Below each resolved branch are indicated percentage bootstrap support in excess of 50% for: ML (100 pseudoreplicates), NJ (1000 pseudoreplicates; Kimura 2-parameter), NJ (1000 pseudoreplicates; Tamura–Nei). B, Strict consensus of three most parsimonious trees (all substitutions weighted equally; tree length = 164 steps). Below each branch are indicated percentage bootstrap support (1000 pseudreplicates) in excess of 50% for: MP (unweighted), MP (stems weighted twice loops), MP (transversions weighted four times transitions). Bremer decay indices (DI) are the final value shown below each resolved branch (for MP unweighted only). A dash indicates bootstrap support of less than 50%.
Figure 3. A, Tree resulting from a in A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni
Figure 3. A, Tree resulting from a maximum likelihood analysis from the combined data set using the Hasegawa–Kishino–Yano two-parameter model (Hasegawa et al., 1985). Included are bootstrap support values for NJ analyses. Below each resolved branch are indicated percentage bootstrap support in excess of 50% for: ML (100 pseudoreplicates), NJ (1000 pseudoreplicates; Kimura 2-parameter), NJ (1000 pseudoreplicates; Tamura–Nei). B, Strict consensus of eight most parsimonious trees (tree length = 441 steps) derived from a heuristic search of combined data set (unweighted). Below each supported branch are indicated percentage bootstrap values (1000 pseudreplicates) in excess of 50% for: MP (unweighted), MP (stems positions weighted twice loops), MP (transversions weighted twice transitions). Bremer decay indices (DI) are the final value shown below each resolved branch (for MP unweighted only).
Figure 32. Two most parsimonious trees, A and B in A phylogenetic study of the neotropical catfish family Cetopsidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a new classification
Figure 32. Two most parsimonious trees, A and B (L = 272, CI = 54, RI = 83) of relationships among Cetopsidae and outgroups, based on matrix in Appendix 2. Note in particular alternative topologies within Cetopsidium.
Raw data for: Habitat edges affect tree diversity more than biomass regeneration in a reforested wet neotropical timber plantation
<p>Raw data for: Habitat edges affect tree diversity more than biomass regeneration in a reforested wet neotropical timber plantation. Code hosted on GitHub/Zenodo.</p>
Data from: Successional shifts in tree demographic strategies in wet and dry Neotropical forests
<p><span>This dataset summarizes demographic rates, abundances and basal area across a succession of ~800 (sub) tropical tree species to explore generalities in demographic trade-offs and successional shifts in demographic strategies across four Neotropical forests that cover a large rainfall gradient. We used repeated forest inventory data from chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry forests (Yucatán, Oaxaca, both Mexico) to quantify demographic rates of ~800 tree species. For each forest, we explored the main demographic trade-offs and assigned tree species to five demographic groups by performing a weighted Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that accounts for differences in sample size. We aggregated the basal area and abundance across demographic groups to identify successional shifts in demographic strategies over the entire successional gradient from very young (<5 years) to old-growth forests. This dataset provides raw and transformed demographic rates, their weights in the weighted PCA, assignments to demographic groups, and forest inventory data at the species level, as well as the code for performing the weighted PCA.</span></p>
Data from: Phenological patterns of tropical mountain forest trees across the neotropics: Evidence from herbarium specimens
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Data from: Successional shifts in tree demographic strategies in wet and dry Neotropical forests
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Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: trait-climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities
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Data from: Genomic diversity and structure of a Neotropical microendemic fig tree
<p>Genetic diversity is a key component of evolution and unraveling factors that promote genetic differentiation in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. One of the most diverse and ecologically important tree genera in tropical forests worldwide is <em>Ficus (Moraceae)</em>. It has been suggested that, given the great dispersal capacity of pollinating fig wasps (Chalcidoidea; Agaonidae), the spatial genetic structure, particularly in monoecious fig species, should be weak. However, no studies have addressed the factors that determine the genetic structure of <em>Ficus</em> species in regions of high geological, geographic, and climatic complexity, such as the Mexican Transition Zone. Using nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (5,311 SNPs) derived from low-coverage whole genomes and 17 populations, we analyzed the population genomics of <em>Ficus</em> <em>pringlei</em> to characterize neutral and adaptive genetic variation and structure and its association with geographic barriers such as the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, environmental heterogeneity, and wind connectivity. From genomic data of 71 individuals, high genetic diversity, and the identification of three genomic lineages were recorded (North, South, and Churumuco). The results suggest that genetic variation is primarily determined by climatic heterogeneity. <em>Ficus</em> <em>pringlei</em> populations from the north and south of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also exhibited minimal genetic differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>= 0.021), indicating that this mountain range may not act as an insurmountable barrier to gene flow. Wind connectivity is also highlighted in structuring putative adaptive genetic variation, underscoring the intricate complexity of the various factors influencing genetic variation in the species. This study provides information on the possible mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of endemic species of the tropical dry forest of Western Mexico, such as <em>F</em>. <em>pringlei</em>.</p>
Data from: Tree demographic strategies largely overlap across succession in Neotropical wet and dry forest communities
<p>Secondary tropical forests play an increasingly important role in carbon budgets and biodiversity conservation. Understanding successional trajectories is therefore imperative for guiding forest restoration and climate change mitigation efforts. Forest succession is driven by the demographic strategies – combinations of growth, mortality, and recruitment rates – of the tree species in the community. However, our understanding of demographic diversity in tropical tree species stems almost exclusively from old-growth forests. Here, we assembled demographic information from repeated forest inventories along chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry (Mexico) Neotropical forests to assess whether the ranges of demographic strategies present in a community shift across succession. We calculated demographic rates for >500 tree species while controlling for canopy status to compare demographic diversity (i.e. the ranges of demographic strategies) in early successional (0-30 years), late successional (30-120 years), and old-growth forests using two-dimensional hypervolumes of pairs of demographic rates. Ranges of demographic strategies largely overlapped across successional stages, and early successional stages already covered the full spectrum of demographic strategies found in old-growth forests. An exception was a group of species characterized by exceptionally high mortality rates that were confined to early successional stages in the two wet forests. The range of demographic strategies did not expand with succession. Our results suggest that studies of long-term forest monitoring plots in old-growth forests, from which most of our current understanding of demographic strategies of tropical tree species is derived, are surprisingly representative of demographic diversity in general, but do not replace the need for further studies in secondary forests.</p>
Data from: Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
<p><span>Even after complete stomatal closure, plants lose water through the leaf cuticles and bark. This residual water conductance of leaves (g<sub>leaf-res</sub>) and stems (g<sub>bark</sub>) can negatively impact plant water balance and affect plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, little is known about the costs and benefits associated with such water leaks, especially on stem level. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we characterized the structural and functional determinants of the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species to elucidate how variations in this trait are related to contrasting growth strategies. </span></p> <p><span>The high variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across species was associated with morphoantomical properties of the outer bark (thickness, density, and lenticel investment), and such characteristics influenced both stem transpiration and respiration, suggesting the existence of a trade-off between water conservation and oxygen permeability, which reflected contrasting growth and dehydration tolerance strategies</span><span>. For instance, species with higher g<sub>bark</sub> and g<sub>leaf-res</sub> presented a fast resource acquisition strategy but were more prone to drought-induced mortality by hydraulic failure. However, model simulations revealed that the relative contribution of g<sub>leaf-res</sub> and g<sub>bark</sub> to overall water balance depended on whether leaves were less or more resistant to cavitation than the stems. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. By combining correlative studies, experimental results, and a modeling exercise, we provide a new understanding of the costs and benefits associated with the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species, and a new perspective for studies of water relations and carbon economics in species from a hyperdiverse savanna. </span></p>
Demographic differentiation among pioneer tree species during old-field succession of a Neotropical rainforest
<p>Early pioneer species share life histories enabling them to colonize disturbed sites, but how much they differ demographically and how such differentiation determines pioneer species turnover during succession are still open questions. Here, we approached these issues by comparing the demography of dominant pioneer tree species during the old-field succession of tropical rainforest in Southeast Mexico.</p> <p>We assessed changes in population density, population structure, vital rates, and intrinsic population growth rate (r) of the pioneer species Trema micrantha, Cecropia peltata, and Trichospermum mexicanum during the first 35 years of succession. For this, we combined chronosequence and long-term (from 2000 to 2018) data from 14 old-fields with 0.5-35 years fallow age.</p> <p>Trema colonized and disappeared first during succession (< 15 years), followed by Cecropia (< 28) and Trichospermum (> 31). All species exhibited hump-shaped successional trajectories of population density and biomass with Trema reaching a peak first, followed by Cecropia and later Trichospermum. Species exhibited a fast reduction in r with fallow age, with Trema reaching negative growth rates (r < 0) in the third, Cecropia in the fourth, and Trichospermum in the seventh year of succession. Recruitment, growth, and mortality rates of seedlings and juveniles defined the period of population increase and the age of succession at which each species reached maximum density and biomass. The mortality rate in mature stages determined how long each species persisted during succession. An important variation in species replacement occurred among study sites. In some sites one species was abundant and the others were almost absent, while it was the opposite in other sites. We inferred that priority inhibitory effects operated among species during the field colonization.</p> <p>Synthesis: Although Trema, Cecropia, and Trichospermum are considered typical pioneer trees, these species differed importantly in their demographic attributes during succession. The speed at which r declined with age of succession indicated the moment at which each species reached its maximum density and species replacement sequence during succession. However, inter-specific priority inhibitory effects during field colonization may also be involved in the chance of colonization and replacement between species with similar regeneration strategies.</p>
Tree communities and soil properties influence fungal community assembly in neotropical forests
<p>The influence exerted by tree communities, topography and soil chemistry on the assembly of macrofungal communities remains poorly understood, especially in highly diverse tropical forests. Here, we used a large dataset that combines inventories of macrofungal Basidiomycetes fruiting bodies, tree species composition and measurements for 16 soil physico-chemical parameters, collected in 34 plots located in four sites of lowland rainforests in French Guiana. Plots were established on three different topographical conditions: hilltop, slope and seasonally flooded soils. We found hyperdiverse Basidiomycetes communities, mainly comprising members of Agaricales and Polyporales. Phosphorus, clay contents and base saturation in soils strongly varied across plots and shaped the richness and composition of tree communities. The latter composition explained 23% of the variation in the composition of macrofungal communities, probably through high heterogeneity of the litter chemistry and selective effects of biotic interactions. The high local heterogeneity of habitats influenced the distribution of both macrofungi and trees, as a result of diversed local soil hydromorphic conditions associated to contrasting soil chemistry. This first regional study across habitats of French Guiana forests revealed new niches for macrofungi, such as ectomycorrhizal ones, and illustrate how macrofungi inventories are still paramount to can be to understand the processes at work in the tropics.</p>
Large leaf hydraulic safety margins limit the risk of drought-induced leaf hydraulic dysfunction in Neotropical rainforest canopy tree species
<p>The sequence of key water potential thresholds from the onset of water stress to mortality, and the timing of stomatal closure with regard to leaf xylem embolism formation are essential to characterizing plant adaptive strategies to drought. This constitutes a critical knowledge gap for tropical rainforest species, which may be less vulnerable to drought than previously thought.</p> <p>We recorded key leaf and stem water potential thresholds, leaf hydraulic safety margins (HSMleaf), leaf stomatal safety margins (SSMleaf) and estimated native embolism levels during a normal-intensity dry season across 18 Neotropical rainforest tree species. We also solved a sequence of key water potential thresholds. Additionally, we provide a cross-biome analysis of SSMleaf encompassing 97 species from four major biomes based on a literature survey.</p> <p>In the studied rainforest species, leaf turgor loss point, used as a surrogate for stomatal closure, typically occurred before the onset of leaf xylem embolism. Most species exhibited positive HSMleaf and SSMleaf, with contrasting values across species and nearly absent embolism levels during the dry season irrespective of the experienced midday leaf water potentials. Our results point out that leaf xylem embolism is not routine for Neotropical rainforest tree species.</p> <p>Based on our proposal of the water potential sequence for tropical rainforest trees, we argue that leaf xylem embolism is a rare event for these species. This was supported by the literature survey, indicating that across biomes, most woody species have rather large SSM<sub>leaf</sub> and that leaves of tropical rainforest trees are not necessarily more vulnerable than in other biomes. However, we found evidence that some tropical rainforest species may be more vulnerable than others to ongoing climate change. Our data provide an opportunity to parametrize tree-based or land-surface models for tropical rainforests.</p>
Data from: Native palms and trees mediate drought impacts on dry neotropical pastures
<p>This dataset includes the original database and scripts used for filtering and splitting the original databased into different datasets for each analysis. It also includes the scripts for generating the graphs and tables of the manuscript.</p> <p>It contains two .zip files:</p> <p>-Data_files.zip: Contains all the datasets used for each figure, as well as the original database in full.</p> <p>-R scripts.zip: Contains all the R scripts created to generated each of the datasets and graphs of the figures and tables. </p>
Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree
<p>Description of Soil_DataTrees.csv</p> <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of trees on the field, there are 70 trees</li> <li>Tree_site: Site on which the tree has been sampled; COU: Counami; SPA: Sparouine</li> <li>Descr_date: Date of tree sampling</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>Soil_sample: Label of soil sample</li> <li>H2Osoil: Soil water content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Clay: Soil clay content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>SiltTh: Soil thin silt content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>SiltCo: Soil coarse silt content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>SandTh: Soil thin sand content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>SandCo: Soil coarse sand content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Csoil: Soil carbon content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Nsoil: Soil nitrogen content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>CNsoil: Soil carbon:nitrogen ratio</li> <li>MOsoil: Soil organic matter content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Ptotsoil: Soil total phosphorus content (g 100g<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Kcec: Soil potassium:CEC[cation-exchange capacity] ratio</li> <li>Cacec: Soil calcium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Mgcec: Soil magnesium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Nacec: Soil sodium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Alcec: Soil aluminum:CEC ratio</li> <li>Fecec: Soil iron:CEC ratio</li> <li>Mncec: Soil manganese:CEC ratio</li> <li>Hcec: Soil hydrogen:CEC ratio</li> <li>pHsoil: Soil pH (cmol kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>CECsoil: Soil cation-exchange capacity (cmol kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Indexsoil: Soil index of fertility = (K+Ca+Mg+Na)/CEC</li> </ul> <p>K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, H were initially measured in cmol kg<sup>-1</sup></p> <p> </p> <p>Description of Trait_DataTrees.csv</p> <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of the tree on the field. There are 70 trees</li> <li>Tree_site: Site of sampling; COU: Counami; SPA: Sparouine</li> <li>Descr_date: Date of tree sampling</li> <li>Calendar_day: Day of the year (between 1 and 365) of tree sampling</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of the soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>PCA1_soil: Coordinates of the trees along the first axis of PCA (principal component analysis) with soil data, used as a quantitative soil index on FS-WS soil gradient</li> <li>mesHeight: Measured tree height (m)</li> <li>Height: Tree height based on the sum of all internodes length (m)</li> <li>Dbh: Tree diameter at height breast (cm)</li> <li>Age: Tree age (year)</li> <li>Order: Number of branching order</li> <li>Brtot: Total number of branches branching from the trunk</li> <li>Leaftot: Total number of leaves</li> <li>Fltot: Total number of inflorescences</li> <li>Acrown: Total estimated crown area (m²)</li> <li>INA1: Number of trunk internodes</li> <li>Brbear: Number of A2 bearing branches</li> <li>Brdead: Number of A2 dead branches</li> <li>Br1stH: First branching height</li> <li>Fl1stH: First flowering height</li> <li>Br1stIN: First branching node rank</li> <li>Fl1stIN: First flowering node rank</li> <li>Br1stAge: First branching age</li> <li>Fl1stAge: First flowering age</li> <li>LL: Leaf lifespan (day)</li> <li>Lpet: Petiole length (cm)</li> <li>Apet: Petiole cross-sectional area (mm²)</li> <li>Nlobe: Number of leaf lobes</li> <li>LMA: Leaf mass area (g m<sup>-2</sup>)</li> <li>Thleaf: Leaf thickness (µm)</li> <li>Aleaf: Estimated individual leaf area (cm²)</li> <li>Chlleaf: Leaf chlorophyll content (mg ml<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>H20resleaf: Leaf residual water content (%)</li> <li>dC13leaf: δ<sup>13</sup>C content (‰)</li> <li>Cleaf: Leaf carbon content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Nleaf: Leaf nitrogen content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>CNleaf: Leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio</li> <li>Pleaf: Leaf phosphorus content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>Kleaf: Leaf potassium content (g kg<sup>-1</sup>)</li> <li>WSG: Wood specific gravity (g cm<sup>-3</sup>)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of the tree</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of the soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>rank_base: Rank of the internode from the base of the tree</li> <li>rank_top: Rank of the internode from the apex of the tree</li> <li>phyllochron: Phyllochron, number of days for the production of one leaf</li> <li>date: Estimated date of tree germination</li> <li>nb_day_base: Number of days since estimated germination</li> <li>nb_day_top: Age of the internode in days at tree sampling</li> <li>AS_rank_base: Rank of the annual shoot from the base of the tree</li> <li>As_rank_top: Rank of the annual shoot from the apex of the tree</li> <li>AS_nodes_base: Number of internodes per annual shoot</li> <li>AS_length_base: Length of the annual shoot (cm)</li> <li>AS_br_base: Number of A2 branches on the annual shoot</li> <li>AS_flo_base: Number of inflorescences on the annual shoot</li> <li>lg_en: Internode length (cm)</li> <li>ht_en: Cumulated height of the tree based on the sum of internode length (cm)</li> <li>ma_lgen: Moving average of internode length</li> <li>resi_lgen: Residuals of internode length</li> </ul> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.