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Supplementary material 2 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

BOLD TaxonID Tree of the dataset Lepidoptera - Nepticuloidea of the World 2016 [DS-NEPCAT] : Explanation note: A Neighbor joining tree of COI sequences, with Kimura 2 Parameter as distance model for sequences linger than 200 bp, 3203 records.

Supplementary material 1 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Specimen data for Catalogue of Nepticuloidea with BOLD data : Explanation note: The 213 records comprise specimens that have either been cited briefly or completely in the Notes, or have been used more implicitly for the texts and figures. Records are listed alphabetically by species, country, stateProvince, AdminDivision2, AdminDivision3, Locality.

FIGURES 7–8 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 7–8. Male genitalia of Pseudopostega frigida (Meyrick, 1906). 7, genitalia capsule, India, Utarakand, Rishikesh, slide no. RA273 (LUES); 8, gnathos, Nepal, 70 km W of Kathmandu, Baikuntapuri, slide no. RP1008 (LUES). Note: a sclerotized phallus (aedoeagus) absent in the genus Pseudopostega. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 5–6 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 5–6. Female genitalia of Opostegoides sp., Nepal, 70 km W of Kathmandu, Baikuntapuri, slide no. RP1005 (LUES). 5, general view; 6, caudal part. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 2–4 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 2–4. Male genitalia of Opostegoides pelorrhoa (Meyrick, 1915), Nepal, Kathmandu District, Phulchoki, slide no. 28683 (BMNH). 2, genitalia capsule; 3, aedoeagus; 4, cucullar lobe. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 16–19 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 16–19. Pseudopostega zelopa (Meyrick, 1905). 16, male genitalia, Nepal, 70 km W of Kathmandu, Baikuntapuri, slide no. RP1001 (LUES) (Note: a sclerotized aedoeagus absent in the genus Pseudopostega); 17, ductus bursae, same locality, slide no. RP1012 (LUES); 18, caudal part of female genitalia, same slide; 19, corpus bursae and spermathecal duct, same slide. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURE 15 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia of Pseudopostega nepalensis Puplesis & Robinson, 1999, Nepal, 70 km W of Kathmandu, Baikuntapuri, slide no. RP1010 (LUES), paratype. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 12–14 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 12–14. Male genitalia of Pseudopostega brevicaudata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., Nepal, Kathmandu, slide no. 28623 (BMNH), holotype. 12, genitalia capsule, ventral view; 13, genitalia capsule, dorsal view; 14, gnathos and uncus. Note: a sclerotized phallus (aedoeagus) absent in the genus Pseudopostega. Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 9–11 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 9–11. Female genitalia of Pseudopostega frigida (Meyrick, 1906). 9, general view; 10, caudal part; 11, corpus bursae. 9, 11, Nepal, 70 km W of Kathmandu, Baikuntapuri, slide no. RP1006 (LUES); 10, India, Utarakand, Rishikesh, slide no. RA275 (LUES). Scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURES 22–27 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURES 22–27. Schematic drawings of adults of the Himalayan Opostegidae. 22, Opostegoides pelorrhoa; 23, Opostegoides sp.; 24, Pseudopostega frigida; 25, P. nepalensis; 26, P. zelopa; 27, Opostega chalcophylla.

FIGURE 20 in An annotated list of the Opostegidae of the Himalaya, with a description of Pseudopostega brevicaudata sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)

FIGURE 20. Male genitalia of Opostega chalcophyla Meyrick, 1910, India, eastern Himalaya, Kurseong, slide no. 28811 (BMNH), paralectotype. Note: a sclerotized phallus (aedoeagus) absent in the genus Opostega. Scale bar 10 µm.

Figures 48-56 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 48-56 - Stigmella microtheriella, male genitalia and leafmine (56). 48–50 Holotype of Stigmella cathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985, slide VU0783 51–52 slide EvN4629, Korea (Jeollanam-do) Wando Island, Hwaheung-ri, from Carpinus tschonoskii, slide EvN4629 53 Russia, Primorye, slide JCK8117 54–55 Greece (Messinía) Taygetos Mts, from Ostrya carpinifolia, slide EvN4430 56 larva in leafmine on Betula platyphylla, Japan, Hokkaido, RMNH.INS.29748.

Figures 41-47 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 41-47 - Stigmella species. 41–43 Stigmella palionisi Puplesis, 1984 41, 42 Male genitalia of paratype of Stigmella nakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, Japan, slide VU 0790 43 Male genitalia of specimen from Russia, Primorye, slide JCK8111. 44–47 Stigmella abaiella Klimesch, 1979 44 Holotype male with labels 45, 46 Male genitalia of holotype, slide EvN4759 47 Female genitalia, paratype, slide Klimesch 866.

Figures 35-40 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 35-40 - Diversity of Nepticulidae and Opostegidae, all on same scale. 35 Etainia sericopeza, male, Sweden 36 Acalyptris platani, male, Italy 37 Zimmermannia atrifrontella, male, Germany 38 Ectoedemia klimeschi, male, Austria 39 Opostega spatulella, female, Hungary 40 Pseudopostega crepusculella, male, Sweden. Scale 1 mm. Watercolours by Roland Johansson, published earlier by Johansson et al. (1990). These figures may be reproduced given that their author Roland Johansson and the present publication are credited.

Figures 25-34 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 25-34 - Diversity of Nepticulidae, all on same scale. 25 Enteucha acetosae, male, Austria 26 Stigmella mespilicola, male, Switzerland, holotype 27 Roscidotoga callicomae, female paratype, Australia, NSW 28 Menurella libera, male holotype, Australia, NSW 29 Pectinivalva caenodora, male holotype, Australia, NSW 30 Glaucolepis lituanica , male, Austria 31 Bohemannia auriciliella, male, The Netherlands 32 Trifurcula iberica, male paratype, Spain 33 Fomoria weaveri, female, Sweden 34 Parafomoria helianthemella, female, Czech Republic. Scale 1 mm. Watercolours by Roland Johansson, 25, 26, 31 and 33 published earlier by Johansson et al. (1990), 28 and 29 by Hoare et al. (1997). The left wings of 32 and 34 are digitally mirrored images of the right wings. These figures may be reproduced given that their author Roland Johansson and the present publication are credited.

Figure 24A from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figure 24A - Schematic phylogram of Nepticulidae genera based on the best resolved tree of our Molecular phylogeny (Doorenweerd et al. 2016a).

Figures 102-105 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 102-105 - South African Opostegoides species, male genitalia. 102 Opostegoides granifera (Meyrick, 1913), holotype, slide TM4044 103 Opostegoides melitardis (Meyrick, 1918), holotype, slide TM4037 104 Opostegoides pelocrossa (Meyrick, 1928), holotype, slide TM4042 105 Opostegoides praefusca (Meyrick, 1913), holotype, slide TM4043.

Figures 106-114 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 106-114 - Pseudopostega species, female (106–108) and male genitalia. 106, 107 Pseudopostega idiocoma (Meyrick, 1918), syntype, slide TM4036 108 Pseudopostega orophoxantha (Meyrick, 1921), holotype, slide TM4034 109 Pseudopostega amphimitra (Meyrick, 1913), syntype, slide TM4039 110 Pseudopostega phaeosoma (Meyrick, 1928), holotype, slide TM4046 111 Pseudopostega symbolica (Meyrick, 1914), holotype, slide TM4038 112 Pseudopostega tincta (Meyrick, 1918), holotype, slide TM4035 113, 114 Pseudopostega chalcopepla (Walsingham, 1908): 113 paratype of Pseudopostega cyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012, slide J Nel 24980 114 France, Var, Mazaugues, slide EvN4279.

Figures 10-16 from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figures 10-16 - Specialists on Nepticuloidea in 20th century. 10 Joseph Klimesch, in his house, Linz, October 1983 11 Donald R. Davis in his office, December 2006, USNM, Washington DC 12 Christopher Wilkinson, April 1982, Cambridge, European Congress of Lepidopterology 13 Arthur Maitland Emmet, with C Wilkinson, Essex, UK, October 1979 14 Meeting for preparation of the Nepticulidae volumes for Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, Copenhagen, October 1980: from left: Ebbe S. Nielsen, Roland Johansson, Chris Wilkinson, Bert Gustafsson, Niels Peder Kristensen 15 Rimantas Puplesis, standing (now Jonas R. Stonis), Erik J. van Nieukerken, in Zoological Institute, Leningrad, September 1985 16 Get together of leafminer enthusiasts at house of Aleš Laštůvka, Prostejov, Czech Rep., September 1994, from left: Steven Whitebread, Zdeněk Laštůvka, Roland Johansson, Aleš Laštůvka. Scans from transparencies by Erik J. van Nieukerken.

Figure 24B from: van Nieukerken E, Doorenweerd C, Hoare R, Davis D (2016) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys 628: 65-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799

Figure 24B - Cumulative number of valid species of Nepticulidae and Opostegidae described per year. Notice the long period that no Opostegidae were described (1935–1967) and the sudden increase in numbers of Nepticulidae since 1978.