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12 results for “Nestling development”
Complete datasets and code for "Hungry or angry? Experimental evidence for the effects of food availability on two measures of stress in developing wild raptor nestlings"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Food shortage challenges the development of nestlings; yet, to cope with this stressor, nestlings can induce stress responses to adjust metabolism or behaviour. Food shortage also enhances the antagonism between siblings, but it remains unclear whether the stress response induced by food shortage operates via the individual nutritional state or via the social environment experienced. In addition, the understanding of these processes is hindered by the fact that effects of food availability often co-vary with other environmental factors. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effect of food availability on two complementary stress measures, feather corticosterone (CORTf) and Heterophil/Lymphocyte-ratio (H/L) in developing red kite (Milvus milvus) nestlings, a species with competitive brood hierarchy. By statistically controlling for the effect of food supplementation on the nestlings’ body condition, we disentangled the effects of food and ambient temperature on nestlings during development. Experimental food supplementation increased body condition, and both CORTf and H/L were reduced in nestlings of high body condition. Additionally, CORTf decreased with age in non-supplemented nestlings. H/L decreased with age in all nestlings and was lower in supplemented last-hatched nestlings compared to non-supplemented ones. Ambient temperature showed a negative effect on H/L. Our results indicate that food shortage increases the nestlings’ stress levels through both, a reduced food intake affecting nutritional state and the nestlings’ social environment. Thus, food availability in conjunction with ambient temperature shape between- and within nest differences in stress load, which may have carry-over effects on behaviour and performance in further life-history stages.</p>
Fig. 1 in Morphological Differentiation In Nestlings Turdus Philomelos (Passeriformes, Turdidae) And Staging In Their Development During The Nestling Period Of Postembryogenesis
Fig. 1. Dynamics of changes in 12 morphometric traits in nestlings during the nesting stage of postembryogenesis (from 1 to 14 days), the stage of fast growth (from 1 to 8 days) and of slow growth (from 8 to 14 days).
Figure 1 in The nest, eggs and nestling development of Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana
Figure 1. Nest, eggs and nestlings of Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana in south-west Brazilian Amazonia: (A) female incubating the eggs; (B) view of the nest showing the eggs; (C) nestlings with feathers growing on all body tracts; (D) feathered nestlings; (E) one of the nestlings the day prior to fledging (A, B and D: Edson Guilherme; C and E: Jônatas Lima)
Figure 3 in The nest, eggs and nestling development of Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana
Figure 3. Mass gain of Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana nestlings in Acre, Brazil, over the development period (measurements taken every two days between 14 January and 1 February 2016).
Рис. 8. Рост и развитие птенцов: a — изменение массы; b — рост частей теΛа; c — рост перьев Fig. 8. Growth and development of nestlings: a — weight change; b — growth of body parts; c — feather growth in in the Ussuri region
Рис. 8. Рост и развитие птенцов: a — изменение массы; b — рост частей теΛа; c — рост перьев Fig. 8. Growth and development of nestlings: a — weight change; b — growth of body parts; c — feather growth
Disturbance history alters the development of the HPA axis in altricial nestling birds
<p>Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones regulate the vertebrate stress response and are secreted by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Acute elevation of GCs is thought be adaptive because it promotes physiological and behavioural changes that allow animals to cope with disturbances. In contrast, chronic elevation of GCs is associated with reduced body condition, immune function, reproductive success, and survival. In adult birds, the effects of chronic stress have been well documented, including human-related disturbances. In contrast, the effects of chronic stress on nestlings have rarely been addressed. This is of interest, as many ecological or monitoring studies of wild birds require nestlings to be regularly handled. However, the consequences of repeated handling of nestlings on HPA axis function and body mass o remain poorly quantified. We examined whether daily exposure to handling stress increased corticosterone (the dominant avian glucocorticoid) secretion and reduced pre-fledging body mass relative to undisturbed control nestlings of the Noisy Miner (<em>Manorina melanocephala), </em>a native Australian passerine bird. Daily handling resulted in an elevated baseline and attenuated stress-induced corticosterone levels in disturbed 14-day nestlings, in comparison with control nestlings handled for the first time. Despite this, disturbed and control nestlings fledged at a similar body mass. Baseline and stress-induced corticosterone increased with nestling age but remained independent of nestling sex and hatching order. These findings suggest that chronic stress causes physiological alterations to the development of the HPA axis in nestling birds, in turn suggesting that researchers should minimise or account for handling stress in their experiments. These data also raise the possibility that other chronic stressors may have physiological consequences for the development of the HPA axis in nestling birds. </p>
Anthropogenic noise alters parental behavior and nestling development, but not fledging condition
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Disturbance history alters the development of the HPA axis in altricial nestling birds
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Figure 2 in The nest, eggs and nestling development of Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana
Figure 2. Comparison of ramenta used in the construction of a Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata boliviana nest with that of leaves of arborescent ferns (Cyathea sp.) and rhizomes of Phlebodium ferns that occur in the Zoobotanical Park; note the similarity between the material used to built the nest (centre) and the ramenta of Phlebodium decumanum (left) (Edson Guilherme)
Data from: Age-related prenatal maternal effects and postnatal breeding experience have different influences on nestling development in an altricial passerine
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Data from: Song discrimination by nestling collared flycatchers during early development
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Data from: Microbiome affects egg carotenoid investment, nestling development and adult oxidative costs of reproduction in Great tits
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