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Figs 26–33. Meoneura species, male genitalia. 26–29 in New Species And Records Of Meoneura Rondani, 1856 From The Old World Tropics (Diptera, Carnidae)
Figs 26–33. Meoneura species, male genitalia. 26–29 = M. biseta Deeming, male terminalia: 26 = abdominal sternites 3 to 5, ventral view, 27 = left surstylus in broadest extension, a sublateral, slightly subventral view, 28 = epandrium, basal part of hypandrium, right surstylus and contours of subepandrial sclerite laterally, 29 = postgonite in broadest extension (a sublateral view). 30–33 = M. nigrohalterata sp. n., paratype male: 30 = contours of epandrium, cerci and subepandrial sclerite, caudal view (subepandrial sclerite dashed, epandrial setae omitted), 31 = surstylus in broadest extension, sublateral view, 32 = same, inner (medial)
UCE phylogenomics of New World Cryptopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) elucidates genus boundaries, species boundaries, and the vicariant history of a temperate-tropical disjunction
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The genus <i>Cryptopone</i> Emery contains 25 species of litter and soil ants, 5 of which occur in the Americas. <i>Cryptopone</i><i>gilva </i>occurs in the southeastern U.S.A. and cloud forests of Mesoamerica, exhibiting an uncommon biogeographic disjunction observed most often in plants. We used phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), as well as mitogenomes and legacy markers, to investigate phylogenetic relationships, species boundaries, and divergence dates among New World <i>Cryptopone</i>. Species delimitation was conducted using a standard approach and then tested using model-based molecular methods (SNAPP, BPP, SODA, and bPTP). We found that <i>Cryptopone</i> as currently constituted is polyphyletic, and that all the South American species belong to <i>Wadeura</i> Weber, a separate genus unrelated to <i>Cryptopone</i>. A single clade of true <i>Cryptopone</i> occurs in the Americas, restricted to North and Central America. This clade is composed of four species that originated ~4.2 million years ago. One species from the mountains of Guatemala is sister to the other three, favoring a vicariance hypothesis of diversification. The taxonomy of the New World <i>Cryptopone</i>and <i>Wadeura</i> are revised. Taxonomic changes are: <i>Wadeura</i> Weber is <b>resurrected</b>, with <b>new combinations</b> <i>W. guianensis</i>Weber, <i>W. holmgreni</i> (Wheeler), and <i>W. pauli</i> (Fernandes & Delabie); <i>C. guatemalensis</i> (Forel) (<b>rev. stat.</b>) is raised to species, and includes <i>C. obsoleta</i> (Menozzi) (<b>syn. nov.</b>). The following <b>new species</b> are described: <i>Cryptopone gilvagrande</i>, <i>C. gilvatumida</i>, and <i>Wadeura holmgrenita</i>. <i>Cryptopone hartwigi</i> is transferred to <i>Fisheropone</i> (<b>n. comb.</b>). <i>Cryptopone mirabilis</i> (Mackay & Mackay 2010) is a junior synonym of <i>Centromyrmex brachycola</i> (Roger) (<b>syn. nov.</b>).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
UCE phylogenomics of New World Cryptopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) elucidates genus boundaries, species boundaries, and the vicariant history of a temperate-tropical disjunction
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Data from: Differentiating the evolution of female song and male-female duets in the New World blackbirds: can tropical natural history traits explain duet evolution?
Female bird song and combined vocal duets of mated pairs are both frequently associated with tropical, monogamous, sedentary natural histories. Little is known, however, about what selects for duetting behavior versus female song. Female song likely preceded duet evolution and could drive apparent relationships between duets and these natural histories. We compared the evolution of female song and male-female duets in the New World blackbirds (Icteridae) by investigating patterns of gains and losses of both traits and their relationships with breeding latitude, mating system, nesting pattern, and migratory behavior. We found that duets evolved only in lineages in which female song was likely ancestral. Both female song and duets were correlated with tropical breeding, social monogamy, territorial nesting, and sedentary behavior when all taxa were included; however, correlations between duets and these natural history traits disappeared when comparisons were limited to taxa with female song. Also, likelihood values supported stronger relationships between the natural history traits and female song than between these traits and duets. Our results suggest that the natural histories thought to favor the evolution of duetting may in fact be associated with female song and that additional selection pressures are responsible for the evolution of duets.
FIGURE 6 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 6. Notoalona pseudomacronyx Van Damme, Maiphae & Sa-Ardrit, 2013, parthenogenetic female from a temporary pool on the road between Hamusit & Worota, Ethiopia, coll. 24.09.2015 by W. Zelalem. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. B, Head. C, Head shield and dorsal pores. D, Labrum and labral keel. E, Valve. F, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve, inner view. G–H, Armature of ventral portions of valve. I, Armature of anterior portion of valve. J, Postabdomen. K, Postabdominal claw, outer view. L, Postabdominal claw, inner view. M, Antenna I. N, Antenna II. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 5. Notoalona globulosa (Daday, 1898), parthenogenetic female from a paddy field near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang. A, Limb I. B, Inner distal lobe of limb I. C, Limb II. D, Limb III. E, Distal portion of limb III. F, Gnathobase of limb III. G, Limb IV. H, Gnathobase of limb IV. I, Limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 4. Notoalona globulosa (Daday, 1898), parthenogenetic females from a paddy field near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang. A–B, Postabdomen. C–D, Distal portion of postabdomen. E–G, Postabdominal claws. Scale bars 0.01 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 3. Notoalona globulosa (Daday, 1898), parthenogenetic females from Paddy field near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang. A–B, Head, lateral view. C–D, Head, anterodorsal view. E–F, Head pores. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–E, 0.001 mm for F.
FIGURE 2 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 2. Notoalona globulosa (Daday, 1898), parthenogenetic females from a paddy field near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang. A–D, Adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. E–F, Adult parthenogenetic female, dorsal view. G–H, Adult parthenogenetic female, anterodorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 1. Notoalona globulosa (Daday, 1898), parthenogenetic female from a paddy field near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. B, Head. C, Head shield and dorsal pores. D, Labrum and labral keel. E, Valve. F, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve, inner view. G, Armature of ventral portion of valve. H, Armature of anterior portion of valve. I, Postabdomen. J, Postabdominal claw, outer view. K, Postabdominal claw, inner view. L, Antenna I. M, Antenna II. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 10. Notoalona pseudomacronyx Van Damme, Maiphae & Sa-Ardrit, 2013, parthenogenetic female from a temporary pool on the road between Hamusit & Worota, Ethiopia, coll. 24.09.2015 by W. Zelalem. A, Limb I. B, Inner distal lobe of limb I. C, Limb II. D, Limb III. E, Distal portion of limb III. F, Gnathobase of limb III. G, Limb IV. H, Gnathobase of limb IV. I, Limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A new case of false "wide " distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World
FIGURE 8. Notoalona pseudomacronyx Van Damme, Maiphae & Sa-Ardrit, 2013, two parthenogenetic females from the White Nile near Gerer, Sudan, coll. 11.12.1963 by A.V. Monakov. A, Dissected adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. B–C, Head, dorsal view. D, Dorsal pores. E, Distal portion of postabdomen. F, Fragment of postabdominal claw. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A–C, 0.01 for E–F, 0.001 for D.
FIGURE 4 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
FIGURE 4. Bayesian majority rule consensus topology of Caridina malanda sp. nov. and species from the Caridina zebra complex using combined 16S rDNA and COI dataset with Bayesian posterior probability values. Nodes with probability values <0.50 have been collapsed. Specimen information of Caridina included in molecular analyses, with relevant GenBank accession numbers and collection locations, are listed in Table 1.
FIGURE 1 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
FIGURE 1. Literature records of Caridina from the C. zebra complex from the Wet Tropics of north–eastern Queensland, Australia. Light green shading indicates national parks, forest reserves, and protected areas (Collaborative Australian Protected Areas database [CAPAD], 2010, https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/1f420717-e600-4ff0-8c04-90122bfa04a7, accessed 2019, May 7).
FIGURE 3 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
FIGURE 3. Caridina malanda sp. nov. (A) anterior region of cephalothorax; (B) first pereiopod; (C) second pereiopod; (D) third pereiopod; (E) dactylus of third pereiopod; (F) fifth pereiopod; (G) dactylus of fifth pereiopod; (H) first male pleopod; (I) second male pleopod; (J) posterior margin of telson. Scale bars: in mm. Drawings based on A: holotype, female, site 24, Malanda Creek, deposited QM (Queensland Museum), registration number W29455. B and C: female, site 23, Short Creek, deposited QM W29457. D and E: large male, site 30, Ithaca River, deposited AM (Australian Museum), registration number P.103599. Note: the dactylus of the third pereiopod is not sexually dimorphic. F: female, site 24, Malanda Creek, deposited AM P.103594. G: male, site 23, Short Creek, QM W29456. H and I: male, site 22, Brodie Creek, deposited AM P.103600. J: female specimen from site 32, Johnstone River, deposited AM P.103596.
FIGURE 2 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
FIGURE 2. Caridina malanda sp. nov. (A) Paratype, preserved in ethanol, Site 23, Short Creek, deposited in QM (Queensland Museum, Australia), registration number W29457; (B) Ovigerous female, preserved in ethanol, Site 32, Johnstone River, deposited QM W29458; (C, D) Colouration on capture, Site 24, Malanda Creek; (E) Live colouration in aquaria, Site 20, Barney Springs; (F) Caridina zebra Short 1993; (G) Caridina confusa Choy & Marshall 1997; (H) Top. C. confusa, preserved in ethanol. Bottom. C. malanda sp. nov. preserved in ethanol; both specimens collected at Site 23, Short Creek. Photos A, B, H by S. Choy; C–G by B. Mos.
FIGURE. 5 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
FIGURE. 5. Caridina malanda sp. nov. (A) first pereiopod; (B) second pereiopod; (C) dactylus of third pereiopod; (D) dactylus of fifth pereiopod; (E) Left. antennal flagellum. Right. antennule with stylocerite; (F) Left. first male pleopod. Right. second male pleopod; (G) posterior margin of telson; (H) lateral view of posterior of abdomen, showing telson, uropods and fifth pleopod. Photos: A, B, E are female specimen from site 23, Short Creek, deposited QM (Queensland Museum), registration number W29457; C is large male specimen from site 30, Ithaca River, deposited AM (Australian Museum), registration number P.103599. D is male specimen from site 23, Short Creek, deposited QM W29456. F is male specimen from site 22, Brodie Creek, deposited AM P.103600. G is female specimen from site 32, Johnstone River, deposited AM P.103596; H is holotype, female specimen, site 24, Malanda Creek, deposited QM W29455. Photos by S. Choy and B. Mos.
TABLE 1 in Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north-eastern Queensland Australia
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Specimen information of <i>Caridina</i> included in molecular analyses, with relevant GenBank accession numbers. All sequences are new to this paper unless otherwise specified; * = de Mazancourt <i>et al.</i> (2019), # = Page <i>et al.</i> (2007). Reg. No. = registration number for specimen deposited with the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><th><b>Site (Catchment)</b></th><th><b>Reg. No.</b></th><th><b>Spec. No.</b></th><th><b>COI</b></th><th><b>16S</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 30, Ithaca River</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1735</td><td>MK883793</td><td>MK880178</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20766</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 30, Ithaca River</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1736</td><td>MK190071 *</td><td>MK189911 *</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20767</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 23, Short Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1737</td><td>MK190072 *</td><td>MK189912 *</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20768</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 23, Short Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1738</td><td>MK883796</td><td>MK880181</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20769</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 22, Brodie Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1739</td><td>MK883797</td><td>MK880182</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20770</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 22, Brodie Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1740</td><td>MK883798</td><td>MK880183</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20771</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 24, Malanda Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1741</td><td>MK883799</td><td>MK880184</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20772</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 24, Malanda Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1742</td><td>MK883800</td><td>MK880185</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20773</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 20, Barney Springs</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1749</td><td>MK883801</td><td>MK880186</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Barron)</td><td>20774</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. malanda</i></th><td>Site 20, Barney Springs</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1750</td><td>Mk883802</td><td>MK880187</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Barron)</td><td>20775</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. zebra</i></th><td>Tributary of Tully River</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1731</td><td>MK190069 *</td><td>MK189909 *</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Tully)</td><td>20776</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. confusa</i></th><td>Thiara Creek</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1727</td><td>MK190067 *</td><td>MK189907 *</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Johnstone)</td><td>20777</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. spinula</i></th><td>McIlwraith Range</td><td>-</td><td>GUCCI1</td><td>-</td><td>DQ478527 #</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Lockhart)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. typus</i></th><td>New Caledonia</td><td>MNHN-IU-2014-</td><td>CA1568</td><td>MK190052 *</td><td>MK189893 *</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>20778</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 8 in Mischochalcis, an enigmatic new genus of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Old World tropics with the description of a new species
FIGURE 8. Mischochalcis inermis, holotype, male. A, fore wing; B, fore wing (in part); C–D, hind leg, lateral view; E, metatibia, lateral view; F, apex of metatibia, lateral view. Abbreviations: asp, apical spine; eac, external additional carina; ic, intermediate carina; ovc, outer ventral carina.
FIGURE 4 in Mischochalcis, an enigmatic new genus of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Old World tropics with the description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Mischochalcis enigmatus, holotype, female. A, metasoma, lateral view; B, metasoma, dorsal view.
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