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103 results for “Nicrophorus”
Figs 1-3 in Nomenclatural notes on two species of Nicrophorus FABRICIUS (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Silphinae, Nicrophorini) named in a publication authored by Johann Dietrich Herschel
Figs 1-3: Historical labels and inventory records. (1) Label of the presumed holotype of Nicrophorus pustulatus from the former Hellwig-Hoffmansegg Collection, with the associated number referring to the third inventory in Fig. 3; (2) label associated with specimens of Necrodes surinamensis received at ZMUG with the Reussmann Collection in 1848; (3) records 7285-7290 in the third inventory of the historical MfNB Coleoptera collection. Images 1 and 3 by B. Jaeger (MfNB), image 2 by G. Heinemann (ZMUG).
Fotos 3 y 4 in Nuevos datos biológicos sobre Nicrophorus humator (Gleditsch, 1767) (Coleoptera, Silphidae) y primera cita para el Parque Regional del Sureste (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, España Central).
Fotos 3 y 4.- Detalles de dos ejemplares transportando ácaros foréticos (que son muy abundantes asociados a esta especie).
Foto 5 in Nuevos datos biológicos sobre Nicrophorus humator (Gleditsch, 1767) (Coleoptera, Silphidae) y primera cita para el Parque Regional del Sureste (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, España Central).
Foto 5.- La culebra bastarda atropellada (Malpolon monspe- Foto 6.- El cadáver muy descompuesto ssulanus) (Hermann, 1804). (pasados tres días).
Fig. 1.- Oxelytrum anticola. Fig. 2.- Oxelytrum discicolle. Fig. 3.- Oxelytrum erythrurum. Fig. 4.- Oxelytrum cayennense. Fig. 5.- Nicrophorus didymus. Fig. 6.- Nicrophorus scrutator. Fig. 7.- pronoto y in Contribución al conocimiento de los escarabajos de la familia Silphidae (Coleoptera) en el Peṙ.
Fig. 1.- Oxelytrum anticola. Fig. 2.- Oxelytrum discicolle. Fig. 3.- Oxelytrum erythrurum. Fig. 4.- Oxelytrum cayennense. Fig. 5.- Nicrophorus didymus. Fig. 6.- Nicrophorus scrutator. Fig. 7.- pronoto y cabeza de Oxelytrum anticola. Fig. 8.- Pronoto y cabeza de Oxelytrum discicolle. Fig. 9.- Pronoto y cabeza de Nicrophorus didymus. Fig. 10.- Ḣmero elitral dentado. Fig. 11.- Ḣmero elitral redondeado. Fig. 12.- Ápice elitral de Oxelytrum discicolle. Fig. 13.- Ápice elitral de Oxelytrum cayennense. Fig. 14.- Epipleura de Nicrophorus scrutator. Fig. 15.- Epipleura de Nicrophorus didymus.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Type specimen data for Nicrophorus efferens Sikes & Mousseau.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Type specimen data for Nicrophorus efferens Sikes & Mousseau". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8fd60078-620a-40a6-b565-0b093778e0fe">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8fd60078-620a-40a6-b565-0b093778e0fe</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8fd60078-620a-40a6-b565-0b093778e0fe">https://gbif.org/dataset/8fd60078-620a-40a6-b565-0b093778e0fe</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Experimental evolution of a more restrained clutch size when filial cannibalism is prevented in burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides
<p>The over-production of offspring is commonly associated with high hatching failure and a mechanism for dispensing with surplus young. We used experimental evolution of burying beetle populations Nicrophorus vespilloides to determine causality in these correlations. We asked: does eliminating the mechanism for killing 'spare' offspring cause the evolution of a more restrained clutch size, and consequently select for reduced hatching failure? N. vespilloides typically over-produces eggs but kills 1st instar larvae through partial filial cannibalism during brood care. We established replicate evolving populations that either could practice filial cannibalism (Full Care) or could not, by removing parents before their young hatched (No Care). After 20+ generations of experimental evolution, we measured clutch size and hatching success. We found that No Care females produced fewer eggs than Full Care females when allowed to breed on a small corpse, a finding not explained by differences in female quality. On larger corpses, females from both populations laid similar numbers of eggs. Furthermore, hatching success was greater in the No Care populations on small corpses. Our results suggest that the adaptive over-production of offspring depends on a mechanism for eliminating surplus young and that killing offspring, in turn, relaxes selection against hatching failure.</p>
Can age-related changes in parental care modulate inbreeding depression? A test using the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis
<p>Parental care has been shown to reduce the magnitude of inbreeding depression in some species with facultative care. However, parents often vary in the quality or amount of care they provide to their offspring and it is less clear whether this variation also impacts the magnitude of inbreeding depression. Here, we tested whether age related changes in parental care modulate the expression of inbreeding depression in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis. Consistent with previous studies, we found that older parents produced larger broods of offspring than younger parents without sacrificing mean larval mass. Inbreeding depression was evident in several fitness-related traits: brood size at dispersal, the proportion of the brood that survived to eclosion, and mean age at death were all reduced in inbred broods compared to outbred broods. Surprisingly, inbred offspring were heavier at dispersal than outbred offspring. This was likely due to reduced sibling competition in inbred broods. Despite evidence for age related changes in parental investment and the existence of inbreeding depression, there was no evidence that an interaction between the two influenced any of the traits we measured. Our results suggest that age-related changes in parental care may be too slight to influence the expression of inbreeding depression.</p>
Nest construction and its effect on post-hatching family life in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
<p>Through the effort required to construct them, the microenvironmental conditions they impose on the family and their indirect influence on post-hatching care, nests play a key role in influencing family life. We combined experimental evolution with cross-fostering experiments on laboratory populations of <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides </em>to investigate three ways in which the nest can contribute more broadly to parental investment. We used replicate populations of <em>N. vespilloides </em>that had evolved for 42 generations under contrasting regimes of care. Populations were either able to supply post-hatching care ("Full Care") or prevented from supplying any post-hatching care ("No Care"). Research on these populations has previously shown that the No Care populations evolved to build rounder nests, more rapidly, by Generation 14. Here we found: 1) larvae raised by Full Care parents on nests prepared by parents from the No Care population did not attain a higher mass by the end of larval development than larvae in other treatments. However, we did discover that: 2) cross-fostering nests between families consistently reduced larval mass – and to a similar extent whether nests were cross-fostered between or within the populations. We suggest that cross-fostering disrupted the chemical environment on and around the nest since we found no evidence that 3) nests mediate interactions between males and females. The duration of paternal care was consistently shorter than the duration of maternal care, and even shorter for males from the No Care populations than males from the Full Care populations. Nevertheless, the duration of male care did not predict variation in duration of female care. In short, although the nest is the substrate for burying beetle family life, we found little evidence that it had evolved divergently in our experimental populations to influence parental investment.</p>
Natural history data for Nicrophorus orbicollis
<p>Burying beetles of the genus <em>Nicrophorus</em> have become a model for studying the evolution of complex parental care in a laboratory. <em>Nicrophorus</em> species depend on small vertebrate carcasses to breed, which they process and provision to their begging offspring. However, vertebrate carcasses are highly sought after by a wide variety of species and so competition is expected to be critical to the evolution of parental care. Despite this, the competitive environment for <em>Nicrophorus</em> is rarely characterized in the wild and remains a missing factor in laboratory studies. Here, we performed a systematic sampling of <em>Nicrophorus</em> <em>orbicollis</em> living near the southern extent of their range at Whitehall Forest in Clarke County, Georgia, USA. We determined the density of <em>N. orbicollis</em> and other necrophilous species that may affect the availability of this breeding resource through interference or exploitation competition. In addition, we characterize body size, a key trait involved in competitive ability, for all <em>Nicrophorus</em> species at Whitehall Forest throughout the season. Finally, we compare our findings to other published natural history data for Nicrophorines. We document a significantly longer active season than was observed twenty years previously at Whitehall Forest for both <em>N. orbicollis</em> and <em>Nicrophorus tomentosus</em>, potentially due to climate change. As expected, the adult body size of <em>N. orbicollis</em> was larger than <em>N. tomentosus</em>, the only other <em>Nicrophorus</em> species that was captured in 2022 at Whitehall Forest. The other most prevalent insects captured included species in the families Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Scarabaeidae, and Elateridae, which may act as competitors or predators of <em>Nicrophorus</em> young. Together, our results indicate significant variation in intra- and interspecific competition relative to populations within the <em>N. orbicollis</em> range. These findings suggest that the competitive environment shows extensive spatiotemporal variation, providing the basis to make predictions for how ecology may influence parenting in this species.</p>
Data from: Duplication and sub/neofunctionalization of Malvolio, an insect homolog of Nramp, in the subsocial beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Can age-related changes in parental care modulate inbreeding depression? A test using the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis
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Use of charred vertebrate carcasses by carrion beetles: Implications of controlled burns and wildfires for the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus
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Natural history data for Nicrophorus orbicollis
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Experimental evolution of a more restrained clutch size when filial cannibalism is prevented in burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Nest construction and its effect on post-hatching family life in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data for vertebrate scavenger species composition on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts and implications for Nicrophorus americanus Olivier (American burying beetle) reintroduction
<p>Abstract: We surveyed scavenger species on Nantucket Island, MA, using motion-activated wildlife cameras baited with carcasses of either a Mus musculus domesticus (House Mouse) or Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) in the summer of 2016. We aimed to identify vertebrate scavenger species, measure how long carcasses remained available, and examine differences in carrion consumption between grassland and shrubland vegetation types. This information is important for management decisions concerning a reintroduced population of a federally endangered obligate scavenger, Nicrophorus americanus (American Burying Beetle), on Nantucket Island. Carcasses were removed or consumed within 2.7 ± 1.8 d, and vertebrates removed the carcass in 74% of trials. Carcasses persisted for similar lengths of time between the 2 vegetation types, but avian scavengers were significantly more common on Bobwhite Quail carcasses in grassland, and mammalian scavengers were significantly more common on House Mouse carcasses in shrubland habitats. Avian species appear to be significant competitors for carrion appropriate for American Burying beetle reproduction.</p> <p>This project was partly funded by grant #15-233 from the <a href="https://www.norcrosswildlife.org/">Norcross Wildlife Foundation</a>. </p> <p>File descriptions:<br> allCameraData.csv- Cleaned raw camera data. 2015 data from a pilot study and 2016 data are what was used for the publication.<br> dataDictionary.csv- Data dictionary for all csv files<br> figure2_goodnessOfFitTests.R- R code to create figure 2 and run goodness of fit and post hoc tests<br> quadplotper.csv- Data used by figure2_goodnessOfFitTests.R to create figure<br> resultsSummarized.csv- Authors' determinations of what species removed carrion</p>
Early-life effects on body size in each sex interact to determine reproductive success in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
<p>Early-life conditions have been shown to have a profound effect on an animal's body size and fecundity across diverse taxa. However, less is known about how early-life effects on fecundity within each sex interact to determine reproductive success. We used experiments with burying beetles <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em> to analyse this problem. The nutritional conditions experienced by burying beetles in early life are a key determinant of adult body size in both sexes, and adult body size in turn influences male reproductive tactics. In previous work, we showed that smaller males are more effective than larger males at stimulating virgin female fecundity. In this study, we manipulated male and female body size by restricting access to food in early development. We then conducted breeding assays, in which small and large females were mated sequentially with small and large males, and then allowed to raise offspring without paternal care. We tested whether large females, which are potentially more fecund, laid even more eggs when mated with small males. We found no evidence to support this prediction. Instead we detected only a weak non-significant trend in the predicted direction and no equivalent trend in the number of larvae produced. However, we did find that larvae attained a greater mass by the end of development when their mother was large and mated with a small male first. We suggest that large females might have evolved counter-measures that prevent exploitation by small fecundity-stimulating males, including partial filial cannibalism. By eating surplus larvae during reproduction, larger females would leave more of the carrion for their offspring to consume. This could explain why their surviving larvae are able to attain a greater mass by the time they complete their development.</p>
Habitat use of co-occurring burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) in southeastern Ontario, Canada
<p>The coexistence of closely related species plays an important role in shaping local diversity. However, competition for shared resources can limit the ability of species to coexist. Many species avoid the costs of coexistence by diverging in habitat use, known as habitat partitioning. We examine patterns of habitat use in seven co-occurring species of burying beetles (genus <em>Nicrophorus</em> Fabricius, 1775), testing the hypothesis that <em>Nicrophorus</em> species partition resources by occupying distinct habitats. We surveyed <em>Nicrophorus</em> abundance and 54 habitat characteristics at 100 random sites spanning an environmentally diverse region of southeastern Ontario, Canada. We found that three species occupied distinct habitat types consistent with habitat partitioning. Specifically, <em>Nicrophorus pustulatus</em> Herschel, 1807, <em>Nicrophorus hebes</em> Kirby, 1837, and <em>Nicrophorus marginatus</em> Fabricius, 1801 appear to be specialists for forest canopy, wetlands, and open fields, respectively. In contrast, <em>Nicrophorus orbicollis</em> Say, 1825, <em>Nicrophorus sayi</em> Laporte, 1840, and <em>Nicrophorus tomentosus</em> Weber, 1801 appear to be generalists with wide breadths of habitat use. We were unable to identify the habitat associations of <em>Nicrophorus defodiens</em> Mannerheim, 1846. Our findings are consistent with habitat acting as an important resource axis along which some <em>Nicrophorus </em>species partition; however, divergence along other resource axes (e.g., temporal partitioning) also appears important for <em>Nicrophorus</em> coexistence.</p>
Data from: Adaptation to monogamy influences parental care but not mating behavior in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
<p>The mating system is expected to have an important influence on the evolution of mating and parenting behaviors. Although many studies have used experimental evolution to examine how mating behaviors evolve under different mating systems, this approach has seldom been used to study the evolution of parental care. We used experimental evolution to test whether adaptation to different mating systems involves changes in mating and parenting behaviors in populations of the burying beetle, <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>. We maintained populations under monogamy or promiscuity for six generations. This manipulation had an immediate impact on reproductive performance and adult survival. Compared to monogamy, promiscuity reduced brood size and adult (particularly male) survival during breeding. After six generations of experimental evolution, there was no divergence between monogamous and promiscuous populations in mating behaviors. However, we found that parents from the promiscuous populations (especially males) displayed less care than parents from the monogamous populations. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that male care will increase with the certainty of paternity. However, it appears that this change is not associated with a concurrent change in mating behaviors.</p>
Data from: The effect of size and sex-ratio experiences on reproductive competition in Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetles in the wild
Male parents face a choice: should they invest more in caring for offspring or in attempting to mate with other females? The most profitable course depends on the intensity of competition for mates, which is likely to vary with the population sex ratio. However, the balance of pay-offs may vary among individual males depending on their competitive prowess or attractiveness. We tested the prediction that sex ratio and size of the resource holding male provide cues regarding the level of mating competition prior to breeding and therefore influence the duration of a male's biparental caring in association with a female. Male burying beetles, Nicrophorus vespilloides were reared, post-eclosion, in groups that differed in sex ratio. Experimental males were subsequently translocated to the wild, provided with a breeding resource (carcass) and filmed. We found no evidence that sex ratio cues prior to breeding affected future parental care behaviour but males that experienced male-biased sex ratios took longer to attract wild mating partners. Smaller males attracted a higher proportion of females than did larger males, securing significantly more monogamous breeding associations as a result. Smaller males thus avoided competitive male–male encounters more often than larger males. This has potential benefits for their female partners who avoid both intrasexual competition and direct costs of higher mating frequency associated with competing males.
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