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Fig. 7 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 7 Biplot of the PLS cranial shape vector (lateral view of the skull) and latitude in N. albiventris. Geographic groups compared were indicated. Deformation grids from the consensus (black circles) to maximum (N. a. minor) and minimum (N. a. cabrerai) PLS scores were presented

Fig. 5 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 5 Greatest deformation grids in shape cranial characters among the mean shapes of the statistically supported geographic groups within N. albiventris and N. leporinus. The vector displacements were

Fig. 4 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 4 Ordination plot of the first two canonical axes of the CVA analysis of the lateral (a) and ventral view of the skull (b), discriminating geographic groups of N. leporinus; and the lateral (c) and ventral view of the skull (d), discriminating geographic groups of N. albiventris. Groups compared and convex hulls for each group are indicated. Geographic groups abbreviations: Greater Antillean (ANTgre), Lesser Antillean (ANTles), eastern Mexico (East Mex), western Mexico (West Mex) and Central America (CA); Amazon basin (AMZ) and Venezuela (Ven)

Fig. 3 Cranial shape and size differences between sexes. a in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 3 Cranial shape and size differences between sexes. a Deformation grids from the consensus (black circles) to maximum and minimum (grey circles) PC1 score of the lateral view of the skull, describing sex differences in Noctilio species. b Deformation grids from the consensus (black circles) to maximum and minimum (grey circles)

Fig. 1 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 1 Sampling localities (symbols) included and distribution of subspecies proposed by Davis (1973, 1976) (shaded area), for N. leporinus (a) and N. albiventris (b)

Fig. 2 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 2 Configurations of landmarks (white dots) and semilandmarks (grey dots) used to describe the shape of a lateral view of the skull, b ventral view of the skull, and c lateral view of mandibles

Fig. 6 in The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera)

Fig. 6 Combined parsimony tree reconstructed from two molecular (numbers in grey squares) with the greatest morphological changes markers (COI and Cyt b) and geometric configurations of cranial char- from reconstructed ancestors were presented in deformation grids, acters, illustrating the position of subspecies and geographic groups and terminal branches with the largest morphological changes were within the genus Noctilio. The amount of morphological change on identified in grey. Clades suggested by previous molecular phylog- terminal branches was quantified as a Procrustes distance from the enies (Khan et al., 2014) are indicated with the following symbols: most recent common ancestors for the lateral view of the skull (above •= Leporinus 1, o = Leporinus 2, ⊠ = Albiventris 1, ◼ = Albiventris 2, branches) and the ventral view of the skull (below branches). Nodes ◻ = Albiventris 3 and ◩ = Albiventris 4

Fig. 5. Metacarpus I in Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)

Fig. 5. Metacarpus I (left): dorsal and medial view N. leporinus (A–B); dorsal and medial view N. albiventris (I–J). Proximal epiphysis of metacarpus II (left): dorsal, lateral and medial view N. leporinus (C–E); dorsal, lateral and medial view N. albiventris (K–M). Proximal epiphysis of metacarpus III (left): dorsal, lateral and medial view N. leporinus (F–H); dorsal, lateral and medial view N. albiventris (N–P). Proximal epiphysis of metacarpus IV (left): dorsal, lateral and medial view N. leporinus (Q–S); dorsal, lateral and medial view N. albiventris (W–Y). Proximal epiphysis of metacarpus V (left): dorsal, lateral and medial view N. leporinus (T–V); dorsal, lateral and medial view N. albiventris (Z-BB). The arrows indicate the orientation of the bone: Pr: proximal, Di: distal. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scales = 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)

Fig. 4. Magnum (left): lateral and medial view N. leporinus (A–B); lateral and medial view N. albiventris (G–H). Trapezium: lateral and medial view N. leporinus (C–D); lateral and medial view N. albiventris (I–J). Trapezoid: lateral and medial view N. leporinus (E–F); lateral and medial view N. albiventris (K–L). The arrows indicate the orientation of the bone: D: dorsal, P: palmar. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scales = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)

Fig. 2. Scaphocentralunate (left): dorsal, palmar, proximal and distal view N. leporinus (A–D); dorsal, palmar, proximal and distal view N. albiventris. The arrows indicate the orientation of the bone: D: dorsal, Di: distal, L: lateral, P: palmar. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scales = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)

Fig. 3. Cuneiform (left): dorsal and palmar view N. leporinus (A–B); dorsal and palmar view N. albiventris (F–G). Unciform: medial, lateral and palmar view N. leporinus (C–E); medial, lateral and palmar view N. albiventris (H–J). The arrows indicate the orientation of the bone: D: dorsal, Di: distal, P: palmar, Pr: proximal. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scales = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Morphology of the hand skeleton of bats of the genus Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)

Fig. 1. Schematized of the left radius, carpus and metacarpus of Noctilio leporinus. Anterior, distal and posterior views of the radius (A–C); dorsal and palmar view of the carpus and proximal epiphyses metacarpi (D–E). See Table 1 for abbreviations. Unscaled.

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Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albiventrisDesmarest,1818—lowerAmazonBasinofVenezuela,theGuianas,andC&FEBrazil. N.a.affinisd'Orbigny,1836—SEColombia,EEcuador,upperAmazonBasinofVenezuela,EPeru,WBrazil,andBolivia. N.a.cabreraiW.B.Davis,1976—SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina. N. a. minor Osgood, 1910 —- extreme S Mexico (Chiapas), Central America, N Colombia, and N Venezuela. in Noctilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albiventrisDesmarest,1818—lowerAmazonBasinofVenezuela,theGuianas,andC&FEBrazil. N.a.affinisd'Orbigny,1836—SEColombia,EEcuador,upperAmazonBasinofVenezuela,EPeru,WBrazil,andBolivia. N.a.cabreraiW.B.Davis,1976—SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina. N. a. minor Osgood, 1910 —- extreme S Mexico (Chiapas), Central America, N Colombia, and N Venezuela.

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Subspecies and Distribution. N.l.leporinusLinnaeus,1758—theGuianas,AmazonBasin,andmostofBrazil. N.l.mastivusVahl,1797—W&SMexico,CentralAmerica,WestIndies,N,W&EColombia,Venezuela,WEcuador,andextremeNWPeru. N. l. rufescens Olfers, 1818 — E Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, and S Brazil. in Noctilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N.l.leporinusLinnaeus,1758—theGuianas,AmazonBasin,andmostofBrazil. N.l.mastivusVahl,1797—W&SMexico,CentralAmerica,WestIndies,N,W&EColombia,Venezuela,WEcuador,andextremeNWPeru. N. l. rufescens Olfers, 1818 — E Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, and S Brazil.

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FIGURE 16 in Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio)

FIGURE 16. Distributional maps of Noctiliostrebla species (continued). A. N. ecuadorensis sp. n. B. N. guerreroi sp. n. C. N. falsispina sp. n. D. N. lamasi sp. n.

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FIGURE 4 in Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio)

FIGURE 4. Noctiliostrebla dubia (Rudow), ♀ paralectotype (ZMUH) and lectotype ♂ (ZMUH) (photos kindly taken by Drs Kai Schütte and Frank Wieland, ZMUH). A. Detail of posterior portion of female thorax and abdomen in ventral view, showing metasternal lobe and sternite II. B. Female tergite VII (with setae insertions) and epiproct in dorsal view. C. Detail of male abdomen in dorsal view, showing sternite II. D. Detail of male abdomen in dorsolateral view, showing syntergite I+II and hypopygium. E. Male genitalia in lateral view. F. Slide with both specimens and labels with identifications made by Rudow (labels on the slide) and by Wenzel (label outside of the slide). G. Detail of label with identification made by Speiser. Abbreviations: emar., emargination of sternite II; i.l.m., inner lateral margin; l.l., lateral lobe of syntergite I+II; mts.l., metasternal lobe; sp.I, spiracle I; sp.II, spiracle II; sp.VII, spiracle VII; st.II, sternite II; st.VI, sternite VI.