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Fig. 1 in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 1. Andropodium of Nomorhamphus rex, ZFMK 44945, 35.0 mm SL, cleared and double stained. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp, genital papilla; pt1, first anal pterygiophore; sn, spinae = spines; sp, spiculus; 1–5, anal-fin rays one to five. The elongate genital papilla (gp) covers the anterior part of the first anal-fin ray (1). Anal-fin rays one to five are modified and considered as andropodium. The second anal-fin ray (2) is most strongly modified with a terminal structure, the tridens flexibilis, consisting of a central spiculus (sp) and two lateral spines (sn). The physa is a pouch-shaped structure located between the third (3) and fourth fin ray (4). In the freshly fixed specimen, the andropodium is covered by a fleshy sheath, the cryptoplica.

Fig. 2. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 2. A, B, Andropodium of Nomorhamphus celebensis, ZFMK 49216–49229, 39.4 mm SL. A, cleared and double stained; B, Rendered image. C, D, Andropodium of N. rex, (C) ZFMK 44945, 35.0 mm SL; (D) ZFMK 44944, 41.2 mm SL. C, cleared and double stained; D, rendered image. Scale bar = 1 mm. Arrowheads point to distal part of the second anal-fin ray, the tridens flexibilis.

Fig. 5. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 5. A, B, diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus, ZMH 7153, 38.3 mm SL and (B) N. weberi, ZMH 7970, 41.5 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. megarrhamphus, ZMH 7153, 43.4 mm SL and (D) N. weberi. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point to spiculi of N. megarrhamphus (A) and N. weberi (B) and tips of the third anal-fin ray.

Fig. 6. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 6. A, B, Diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus rex, ZFMK 44945, 35.0 mm SL and (B) N. kolonodalensis, ZFMK 49103, 40.3 mm SL. C, D, Rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. rex, ZFMK 44944, 41.2 mm SL and (D) N. kolonodalensis. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point (A) to the elongate fourth segment of the second anal-fin ray and to the characteristic, sickle-shaped spiculus of N. rex and (B) to the thin, elongate spiculus of N. kolonodalensis.

Fig. 3. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 3. A, B, diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus brembachi, ZMH 7616, 50.5 mm SL and (B) N. liemi, ZMH 7157, 36.6 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. brembachi, MZB 14450, 46.0 mm SL and (D) N. liemi, MZB 14473, 41.1 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point (A) to sub-segments of second fin ray of N. brembachi and (B) to "geniculus" of N. liemi.

Fig. 4. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A, B, Diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus ebrardtii, ZFMK 49156–49176, 40.0 mm SL and (B) N. sagittarius, MZB 20443, 35.2 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. ebrardtii and (D) N. sagittarius, WFB 3129, 39.3 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point to spiculi of N. ebrardtii (A) and N. sagittarius (B), which contact the third anal-fin ray and differ in length.

Fig. 1 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 1. Measurements taken on Nomorhamphus. 1, standard length (SL); 2, total length including beak (TL); 3, lower jaw length Brembach (LJLB); 4, lower jaw length (LJL); 5, upper jaw length (UJW); 6, bony orbital diameter (ORBL); 7, head length (HDL); 8, snout to pectoralfin distance (SN-P1); 9, snout to pelvic-fin distance (SN-P2); 10, body depth at pectoral-fin base (BDP1); 11, body depth at pelvic-fin base (BDP2); 12, depth of caudal peduncle; 13, pelvic-fin to caudal-fin distance (P2-C); 14, length of pectoral fin; 15, length of pectoral-fin base; 16, length of dorsal fin; 17, length of dorsal-fin base; 18, length of pelvic fin; 19, length of pelvic-fin base; 20, length of anal fin; 21, length of anal-fin base; 22, length of caudal fin.

Fig. 8 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 8. Diagrammatic representation of the caudal skeleton of Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male. EP, Epural; HY, Hypural. Scale bar = 500 μm.

Fig. 3. A, B in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 3. A, B, Nomorhamphus rex; Indonesia, Sulawesi: Sulawesi Selatan; tributary of Wewu River near the village of Laroeha; 2°28.226'S, 121°04.125'E. A male; B female. C, D, Nomorhamphus rex from Tana Toraja; Indonesia, Sulawesi: Sulawesi Selatan; in a clearwater pool at an excavation of a small river near the village of Tilanga, 3°02.126'S, 119°53.232'E. C male; D female. (Photographs by: Hans-Georg Evers).

Fig. 4. A in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A: Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male; B: ZFMK 44949, paratype, 63.9 mm SL, female.

Fig. 2 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of the modified anal-fin rays (andropodium) of Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male. Fourth segment of the second ray with a dorsal and a ventral row of "subsegments" forming squares and rectangles of different sizes. The fourth ray is divided into three rows from approximately the third of its length, forming a kind of a covering for the third anal-fin ray with one dorsal and two lateral rows beneath. SN, Spinae; SP, Spiculus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 5. Radiograph of Nomorhamphus rex. A, Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male; B, ZFMK 44949, paratype, 63.9 mm SL, female.

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Fig. 7 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 7. Toletole River, type locality of Nomorhamphus rex. (Photography by: Suzanne M. Gray).

FIG. 5 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 5. Diagrammatic representation of the modified anal-fin rays (andropodium) of Nomorhamphus aenigma, NSMT-P 136105, 33.1 mm SL. Scale bar ¼ 1 mm, SN: spinae, SP: spiculus.

FIG. 4 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 4. Type locality of Nomorhamphus aenigma, Cerekang River, approximately 600 m downstream from Laroeha Village, Luwu Timur District, Regency of Wasuponda, Sulawesi Selatan. Photo taken 3 September 2019.

FIG. 2 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 2. Photographs of Nomorhamphus aenigma, new species, immediately after fixation. (A) MZB 25100, holotype (male, 34.7 mm SL), (B) MZB 25103, paratype (female, 37.8 mm SL), (C) NSMT-P 136106, paratype (female, 43.0 mm SL).

FIG. 6 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 6. Diagrammatic representation of the caudal skeleton of Nomorhamphus aenigma, NSMT-P 136105, 33.1 mm SL, male. Scale bar ¼ 1 mm. EP, epural; HY, hypural.

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Fig. 6 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 6. Map of Sulawesi with highlighted sampling locations. Star, sampling location at a tributary of Wewu River near the village of Laroeha; Solid square, sampling location at Toletole River at village Toletole; Solid dot, sampling location close by the village Tilanga in Tana Toraja. (Map by: Thomas von Rintelen, modified).

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FIG. 1 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 1. Map showing the type locality of Nomorhamphus aenigma, new species. Map by T. von Rintelen, modified. The black and white stars indicate the type locality (holotype and seven paratypes) and locality of ten paratypes, respectively.

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FIG. 3 in A New ''Beakless'' Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)

FIG. 3. Preserved specimens of Nomorhamphus aenigma. Upper: MZB 25100, holotype (male, 34.7 mm SL), lower: MZB 25099, paratype (female, 41.6 mm SL).