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45 results for “Non-breeding”
Variation and overlaps in non-breeding regions of three less-studied breeding populations of the Eurasian Reed Warbler: Figures and datasheet
<p>Non-breeding regions of Eurasian Reed Warbler, <em>Acrocephalus scirpaceus</em> breeding in Finland, Jordan, and Kazakhstan as predicted with hydrogen stable isotope analysis.</p> <p>file name corresponds to the following figure titles:</p> <p>"Fig 2": <strong><span>Figure 2:</span></strong><span> The predicted non-breeding regions of Eurasian Reed Warblers breeding in Finland, Jordan, and Kazakhstan.</span></p> <p><span><span>"Fig 3": <strong><span>Figure </span></strong><span>3: Predicted non-breeding regions for Eurasian Reed Warblers sampled at a breeding site in Finland assigned to isotopic clusters A and </span><span><span>B.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span>"Fig 4": </span></span></span><strong><span>Figure 4:</span></strong><span> Predicted within population average non-breeding regions for Eurasian Reed Warblers assigned to clusters A-F breeding in Jordan </span><span>(see Table S1 for details).</span></p> <p><span>Also uploaded is a csv file containing the isotopic signature of the birds. The file name is "data_Acrocephalus_scirpaceus"</span></p>
Supplementary data for "Influence of prey availability on habitat selection during the non-breeding period in a resident bird of prey"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Background: For resident birds of prey in the temperate zone, the cold non-breeding period can have strong impacts on survival and reproduction with implications for population dynamics. Therefore, the non-breeding period should receive the same attention as other parts of the annual life cycle. Birds of prey in intensively managed agricultural areas are repeatedly confronted with unpredictable, rapid changes in their habitat due to agricultural practices such as mowing, harvesting, and ploughing. Such a dynamic landscape likely affects prey distribution and availability and may even result in changes in habitat selection of the predator throughout the annual cycle.</p> <p>Methods: In the present study, we 1) quantified barn owl prey availability in different habitats across the annual cycle, 2) quantified the size and location of barn owl breeding and non-breeding home ranges using GPS-data, 3) assessed habitat selection in relation to prey availability during the non-breeding period, and 4) discussed differences in habitat selection during the non-breeding period to habitat selection during the breeding period.</p> <p>Results: The patchier prey distribution during the non-breeding period compared to the breeding period led to habitat selection towards grassland during the non-breeding period. The size of barn owl home ranges during breeding and non-breeding were similar, but there was a small shift in home range location which was more pronounced in females than males. The changes in prey availability led to a mainly grassland-oriented habitat selection during the non-breeding period. Further, our results showed the importance of biodiversity promotion areas and undisturbed field margins within the intensively managed agricultural landscape. </p> <p>Conclusions: We showed that different prey availability in habitat categories can lead to changes in habitat preference between the breeding and the non-breeding period. Given these results we show how important it is to maintain and enhance structural diversity in intensive agricultural landscapes, to effectively protect birds of prey specialised on small mammals. Hereafter we provide the datasets and R script to reproduce the resource selection functions.</p>
Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
<p><span>Shorebird populations have declined due to several threats throughout their annual cycle. Anthropogenic disturbance is one of the most ubiquitous threats to shorebird conservation in North America. Here, we studied the influence of human disturbance on shorebird community dynamics during migration and winter in Ensenada de La Paz, a subtropical coastal wetland in Mexico. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models to investigate the associations between spatial, biological, and anthropogenic variation and local shorebird abundance that accounted for shorebird body size (small, medium, and large) and foraging strategy (visual and tactile) of 21 shorebird species. After controlling for these different correlates of abundance, human disturbance (people, vehicles, and dogs) was negatively associated with shorebird abundance. During winter, all shorebird species were negatively related to human disturbance but positively associated with presence of raptors. However, small, tactile foraging birds exhibited a proportionally larger negative response to human disturbance than other shorebird types, indicative of guild-level sensitivities to human disturbance regimes. The positive association between shorebird abundance and disturbance from predators was unexpected. Shorebirds likely concentrate in large groups to reduce predation risk, resulting in higher densities of shorebirds occurring in areas with high predation risk. Understanding factors influencing the abundance and habitat use of shorebirds on their non-breeding grounds is paramount to support management and conservation policies for shorebirds and their habitats.</span></p>
Figure 2 in Non-breeding season records of the Alpine Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus occisinensis
Figure 2. Alpine Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus occisinensis, before release, Hang Dong District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 24 January 2020 (Sontaya Manawattana)
Sanderling Calidris alba bill lengths at non-breeding areas at various latitudes
<p>The data file contains data of bill lengths of 2,866 individual Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) captured at winter locations between northern Scotland and Namibia. “lat” indicates the latitude of capture in decimal degrees, where “bill” is the measured bill length in mm. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Sanderlings (Calidris alba) of two different age classes at the moment of individual colour-marking at four non-breeding sites that were or were not observed during migration following the capture.
<p>The data file contains data of Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) of two different age classes at the moment of capture and individual colour-marking at one of four wintering areas that were or were not observed during migration following the capture. Each individual is indicated with a unique number in column “BirdID”. The column “country” indicates which of the four wintering areas (as depicted in Fig. 1 in the manuscript), with GB indicating England, PT indicating Portugal, MR indicating Mauritania and GH indicating Ghana. The “age” of each bird was either juvenile (<1 year old) or adult (>1 year old). Whether an individual was observed during migration, i.e. at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of its average winter location between 15 March – 15 October, in the migration period following capture is indicated with a 0 (not observed) or 1 (observed) in the column “observed”. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Individual life histories Sanderlings Calidris alba at six non-breeding locations along East-Atlantic flyway
<p>The data file contains individual encounter histories of 1,358 adult Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) that winter in six different areas, England, France, Portugal, Mauritania, Ghana or Namibia and were observed between 2007-2013 in the main study site, their winter area (between 1 November – 1 March) and/or outside the main study site, during the interval between encounter occasions at the main study sites (during migration in Europe between 15 March and 15 October and at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of the median winter latitude). Encounter histories are coded as ‘LDLD’ (“Live, dead, live, dead”), where L codes for life encounters in the main study site (0: not observed, 1: observed) and D for (life or dead) encounters outside the main study sites (0: not observed, 1: observed dead, 2: observed alive). The encounter history of an individual starts with the first observation in its wintering region in the year after marking. Winter regions are indicated by the last six columns of the data file which are separated by spaces, where a 1 in the first column indicates England, the second column indicates France, the third Portugal, the fourth Mauritania, the fifth Ghana and the sixth Namibia. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Timing of migration and African non-breeding grounds of geolocator-tracked Pied Flycatchers: A multi-population assessment
<p>We provide raw geolocator data from eight pied flycatchers tracked by light geolocators from breeding sites in the Czech Republic.</p> <p>Geolocator model GDL2.0 with 7 mm light stalk, producer Swiss Ornithological Institute. A script for R with calibration method for the equinox period is provided.</p>
Data from: Non-breeding sites, loop migration and activity patterns over the annual cycle in the Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor from a western edge of its range
<p>Raw data from three tracked individuals. Two were tracked with light geolocators (22UL and an incomplete track of 22UH) and one (16KN) with GDL3-PAM multi-sensor logger. All produced by Swisss Ornithological Insitute.</p>
Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
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Data from: Age-related variation in non-breeding foraging behaviour and carry-over effects on fitness in an extremely long-lived bird
1. Senescence has been widely documented in wild vertebrate populations, yet the proximate drivers of age-related declines in breeding success, including allocation trade-offs and links with foraging performance, are poorly understood. For long-lived, migratory species, the non-breeding period represents a critical time for investment in self-maintenance and restoration of body condition, which in many species is linked to fitness. However, the relationships between age, non-breeding foraging behaviour and fitness remain largely unexplored. 2. We performed a cross-sectional study, investigating age-related variation in the foraging activity, distribution and diet of an extremely long-lived seabird, the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans during the non-breeding period, and its links with subsequent reproductive performance. 3. We tracked the distributions of 82 adults aged 8 – 33 years with geolocator-immersion loggers and found an age-related decline in the number of landings (a proxy of foraging effort) during daylight hours. There was a decrease in body feather δ13C values in older males but not females, yet this did not accompany an age-related shift in distributions. Males conducted fewer landings than females, and the sexes were spatially segregated, with males foraging further south, likely due to their differential utilization of winds. 4. While younger (< 20 years) birds had higher foraging activity, all individuals went on to breed successfully the following season. In contrast, among older (20+ years) birds, individuals that landed more often were more likely to defer breeding or fail during incubation, suggesting they have lower foraging success. 5. As far as we are aware, this is the first demonstration of an age-specific carry-over effect of foraging behaviour in the non-breeding period on subsequent reproductive performance. This link between foraging behaviour and fitness in late but not early adulthood indicates that the ability of individuals to forage efficiently outside the breeding period may be an important driver of fitness differences in old age.
Optimising flower fields as an effective farmland eco-scheme also during non-breeding
<p>1. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union implements several farmland eco-schemes, but most are considered ineffective in halting the population declines of farmland birds. Sown flower fields are among the few eco-scheme types that rate as clearly beneficial. Yet, current CAP regulations lack minimum criteria for flower fields to qualify as eco-scheme, and thus only partially exploit their potential biodiversity benefits.</p> <p>2. Earlier research on the attraction of farmland birds to different types of sown flower fields has focused on the breeding season. We know far less about relative use of these fields during the non-breeding season, when food limitation can become severe. We therefore compared the attractiveness of four flower field types in SW Germany to 17 bird species during autumn and winter. Based on replicate surveys on 75–168 fields, we analysed bird incidences across these four types, and in relation to vegetation structure and landscape features.</p> <p>3. Flower field types showed little variation in species richness, but striking differences in selection by particular species. Finches and tits were disproportionally abundant on fields in their first year since sowing, buntings and whinchat on fields in later successional stages. Most flower fields established under CAP greening regulations were ploughed between September and November of their first year. Therefore, such fields cannot support farmland birds and other wildlife during a critical phase in their annual cycle.</p> <p>4. Birds were consistently more abundant on larger fields with a differentiated vegetation structure. Flower fields along hedgerows and groves primarily attracted inhabitants of woodland ecotones, while farmland birds had higher incidences on fields embedded in open landscapes.</p> <p>5. 'Policy implications'. EU member states currently revise their farmland eco-schemes. We propose to formulate minimum quality standards to assure that flower fields effectively support farmland birds also during the non-breeding season. These include an at least biennial cycle, more diversified seed mixtures, field sizes exceeding 12 m width or 0.18 ha area, and local diversity in their placement relative to other landscape elements such as hedgerows.</p>
Movement of juvenile migratory birds from settlement to adulthood across the non-breeding range
<p>Among migratory vertebrates, high levels of fidelity to non-breeding sites during adulthood are common. If occupied sites vary in quality, strong site-fidelity can have profound consequences for individual fitness and population demography. Given the prevalance of adult site-fidelity, the regions of the non-breeding range to which juveniles first migrate, and the scale of any subsequent movements, are likely to be pivotal in shaping distributions and demographic processes across population ranges. However, inherent difficulties in tracking migratory individuals through early life mean that opportunities to quantify juvenile settlement and movements across non-breeding ranges, and the mechanisms involved, are extremely rare.Through long-term, range-wide resightings of hundreds of colour-marked individuals from their first migration to adulthood, and application of state-space models, we quantify levels of juvenile and adult regional-scale movements and distances at different life stages across the whole non-breeding distribution range in a migratory shorebird, the Black-tailed Godwit (<em>Limosa limosa islandica</em>). We show that the probability of individuals changing non-breeding regions (seven historical wintering regions spanning the Western Europe range) at all ages are very low (mean movement probability = 10.9% from first to subsequent winter, and 8.3% from first adult winter to later winters). Movement between regions was also low between autumn and winter of the same year for both juveniles (mean movement probability = 17.0%) and adults (10.4%). The great majority of non-breeding movements from the first autumn to adulthood were within regions and less than 100 km. The scarcity of regional-scale non-breeding movements from the first autumn to adulthood means that the factors influencing where juveniles settle will be key determinants of non-breeding distributions and of the rate and direction of changes in distributions.</p>
Figure 1 in Non-breeding season records of the Alpine Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus occisinensis
Figure 1. Sampling localities of Phylloscopus affinis (sensu lato) in Bangladesh and Thailand.
Variation and overlaps in non-breeding regions of the Eurasian Reed Warbler: insight from three breeding populations
<p>Data for Variation and overlaps in non-breeding regions of the Eurasian Reed Warbler: insight from three breeding populations</p>
The distribution data of sandhill crane in Asia during non-breeding period from our fieldwork
<p>This data is the wintering distribution data of sandhill cranes collected by our research team in the fieldwork. The data has been used to publish an article in Peerj.</p>
Optimising flower fields as an effective farmland eco-scheme also during non-breeding
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Data from: Age-related variation in non-breeding foraging behaviour and carry-over effects on fitness in an extremely long-lived bird
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A multiscale analysis of factors influencing Blackpoll Warbler occupancy and abundance during the non-breeding season in eastern Colombia
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Movement of juvenile migratory birds from settlement to adulthood across the non-breeding range
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