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112 results for “Nothobranchius”
Data from: Ecological character displacement among Nothobranchius annual killifishes in Tanzania
<p>Divergent ecological character displacement (ECD) is the competition-driven divergence in resource use-related phenotypic traits between coexisting species. It is considered one of the primary drivers of ecological diversification and adaptive radiation. We analyzed phenotypic and ecological variation in two African annual killifish species of the genus <em>Nothobranchius</em>; <em>N. eggersi</em> and <em>N. melanospilus</em> in sympatry and <em>N. melanospilus</em> in allopatry. Our aim was to test if allopatric and sympatric populations of <em>N. melanospilus</em> differ morphologically from each other and from <em>N. eggersi</em>, and examine if these differences are consistent with the predictions of ECD. We find that sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> differ from allopatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> and differ from <em>N. eggersi</em> more strongly than the latter. Our data satisfy four criteria for demonstrating ECD: Differences in phenotypes between allopatric and sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> are greater than expected by chance; the divergence pattern between allopatric and sympatric <em>N. melanospilus</em> results from an evolutionary shift rather than from ecological sorting; morphological differences observed reflect differences in resource use and, lastly, sites of allopatry and sympatry do not differ in food resource availability or other ecological conditions. Our results suggest that competition is the main driver of the observed divergence between two <em>N. melanospilus </em>populations.</p>
Data for Patterns and drivers of Nothobranchius killifish diversity in lowland Tanzania
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Temporary pools are seasonal wetland habitats with specifically adapted biota, including annual </span><em><span>Nothobranchius</span></em><span>killifishes that survive habitat desiccation as diapausing eggs encased in dry sediment. To understand the patterns in the structure of <em>Nothobranchius</em> assemblages and their potential in wetland conservation, we compared biodiversity components (alpha, beta, gamma) between regions and estimated the role and sources of nestedness and turnover on their diversity.<strong> </strong>We sampled <em>Nothobranchius</em> assemblages from 127 pools across seven local regions in lowland Eastern Tanzania over two years, using dip net and seine nets. We estimated species composition and richness for each pool, and beta and gamma diversity for each region. We decomposed beta diversity to nestedness and turnover components. We tested nestedness in three main regions (Ruvu, Rufiji, Mbezi) using the number of decreasing fills metric and compared the roles of pool area, isolation and altitude on nestedness. A total of 15 species formed assemblages containing 1-6 species. Most <em>Nothobranchius</em> species were endemic to one or two adjacent regions. Regional diversity was highest in the Ruvu, Rufiji and Mbezi regions. Nestedness was significant in Ruvu and Rufiji, with shared core (<em>N. melanospilus</em>, <em>N. eggersi</em>, <em>N. janpapi</em>) and common (<em>N. ocellatus, N. annectens</em>) species, and distinctive rare species. Nestedness apparently resulted from selective colonization rather than selective extinction and local species richness was negatively associated with altitude. The <em>Nothobranchius</em> assemblages in the Mbezi region were not nested, had many endemic species and the highest beta diversity driven by species turnover. Overall, we found unexpected local variation in the sources of beta diversity (nestedness, turnover) within the study area. The Mbezi region contained the highest diversity and many endemic species, apparently due to repeated colonisations of the region rather than local diversification. We suggest that annual killifish can serve as a flagship taxon for small wetland conservation.</span></p>
Sex chromosome turnover in African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius
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Data from: Ecological character displacement among Nothobranchius annual killifishes in Tanzania
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Data for Patterns and drivers of Nothobranchius killifish diversity in lowland Tanzania
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FIGURE 6 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 6. Type locality of Nothobranchius elucens; Uganda: upper Nile drainage: ephemeral swamp in the Aringa system. Photographed on 6 June 2017.
FIGURE 4 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 4. Nothobranchius elucens, female, about 25 mm SL, live; Uganda: upper Nile drainage: ephemeral swamp in the Aringa system, about 2.6 km south of Madi Opei town. Photographed after two weeks in captivity.
FIGURE 7. Nothobranchius taiti, MRAC 2018.015.P.0002 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 7. Nothobranchius taiti, MRAC 2018.015.P.0002, paratype, male, 35.3 mm SL, live; Uganda: upper Nile drainage: Lake Kyoga basin: ephemeral swamp of the Apapi River system. Photographed after 2 weeks in captivity.
FIGURE 1 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 1. Comparative morphometry in males of Nothobranchius elucens (blue triangles) and N. taiti (green squares). Score plot of principal component analysis on the best subset of morphometric characters; first vs. second principal components.
FIGURE 2. Nothobranchius elucens, MRAC 2020.007.P.0001 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 2. Nothobranchius elucens, MRAC 2020.007.P.0001, holotype, male, 31.9 mm SL; Uganda: upper Nile drainage: ephemeral swamp in the Aringa system, about 2.6 km south of Madi Opei town.
FIGURE 3. Nothobranchius elucens, MRAC 2020.007.P.0008 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 3. Nothobranchius elucens, MRAC 2020.007.P.0008, paratype, male, 35.7 mm SL, live; Uganda: upper Nile drainage: ephemeral swamp in the Aringa system, about 2.6 km south of Madi Opei town. Photographed after one month in captivity.
FIGURE 5 in Nothobranchius elucens, a new species of seasonal killifish from the upper Nile drainage in Uganda (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
FIGURE 5. Map of Uganda, showing the type locality of Nothobranchius elucens (blue triangle) and N. taiti (green squares). Map prepared by Brian Watters.
Data from: Strong population genetic structuring in an annual fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, suggests multiple savannah refugia in southern Mozambique
Background: Intraspecific genetic variation of African fauna has been signific antly affected by pronounced climatic fluctuations in Plio-Pleistocene, but, with the exception of large mammals, very limited empirical data on diversity of natural populations are available for savanna-dwelling animals. Nothobranchius furzeri is an annual fish from south-eastern Africa, inhabiting discrete temporary savannah pools outside main river alluvia. Their dispersal is limited and population processes affecting its genetic structure are likely a combination of those affecting terrestrial and aquatic taxa. N. furzeri is a model taxon in ageing research and several populations of known geographical origin are used in laboratory studies. Here, we analysed the genetic structure, diversity, historical demography and temporal patterns of divergence in natural populations of N. furzeri across its entire distribution range. Results: Genetic structure and historical demography of N. furzeri were analysed using a combination of mitochondrial (partial cytochrome b sequences, 687 bp) and nuclear (13 microsatellites) markers in 693 fish from 36 populations. Genetic markers consistently demonstrated strong population structuring and suggested two main genetic groups associated with river basins. The split was dated to the Pliocene (>2 Mya). The northern group inhabits savannah pools across the basin of the intermittent river Chefu in south-western Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe. The southern group (from southernmost Mozambique) is subdivided, with the River Limpopo forming a barrier (maximum divergence time 1 Mya). A strong habitat fragmentation (isolated temporary pools) is reflected in significant genetic structuring even between adjacent pools, with a major influence of genetic drift and significant isolation-by-distance. Analysis of historical demography revealed that the expansion of both groups is ongoing, supported by frequent founder effects in marginal parts of the range and evidence of secondary contact between Chefu and Limpopo populations. Conclusions: We demonstrated: (1) ancient (pre-Pleistocene) divergence between the two main N. furzeri lineages, their recent secondary contact and lack of reproductive isolation; (2) important genetic structuring attributed to the fragmented nature of their environment and isolation-by-distance, suggesting that dispersal is limited, occurs over short distances and is not directly associated with river routes; (3) an apparent role of the River Limpopo as a barrier to dispersal and gene flow.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal area of northeastern Mozambique
FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Nothobranchius cf. melanospilus (open star) and Nothobranchius hengstleri new species (solid star, type locality). Drawing by S. Valdesalici.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal area of northeastern Mozambique
FIGURE 2. Nothobranchius hengstleri new species: ZSM 34484, paratype, 40.5 mm SL, female. Photo by S.Valdesalici.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal area of northeastern Mozambique
FIGURE 5. Mozambique, Cabo Delgado, about 5 km north of village Nassoro, temporary pool; type locality of Nothobranchius hengstleri new species. Photo by H. Hengstler.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal area of northeastern Mozambique
FIGURE 1. Nothobranchius hengstleri new species: ZSM 34483, holotype, 41.3 mm SL, male. Photo by S.Valdesalici.
FIGURE 10 in Notes on the annual killifish species Nothobranchius rachovii (Cyprinodontiformes; Nothobranchiidae) with the description of two new species
FIGURE 10. Neighbour-joining analysis of combined sequence dataset. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values for the MP (above) and ML (below) analyses.
FIGURE 11 in Notes on the annual killifish species Nothobranchius rachovii (Cyprinodontiformes; Nothobranchiidae) with the description of two new species
FIGURE 11. Bayesian analysis of combined sequence dataset. Numbers on branches are posterior probabilities.
FIGURE 9 in Notes on the annual killifish species Nothobranchius rachovii (Cyprinodontiformes; Nothobranchiidae) with the description of two new species
FIGURE 9. Karyotypes of N. rachovii, N. krysanovi sp. nov. and N. pienaari sp. nov. A. N. rachovii (Beira '98), 2n = 16, 16m, sm. B. N. krysanovi sp. nov. (MOZ 04-10), 2n = 18, 16m, sm + 2t. C. N. pienaari sp. nov. (MZ 04-2), 2n = 34, 10m, sm + 24t.
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