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Fig. 4 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 4. Eisenia japonica hiramoto Blakemore, sub-sp. nov. Holotype (Tokyo An-415) from near Commonwealth Graves Cemetery, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

Fig. 6 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 6. Anisochaeta kiwi Blakemore sp. nov. Holotype (AMNZ 5270) from Mt Wellington. Ventral aspect with dorsal view of epilobous prostomium, spermathecae and 18 lhs prostate in situ; male field of Paratype P1 (AMNZ 5271) shown for comparison (also cf. Fig. 7). Superficially differing, mtDNA COI agrees 100% for H and P1, i.e., same species (see Appendix I).

Fig. 1 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 1. Dendrobaena attemsi (Michaelsen, 1903) (NZ specimen AMNZ 2569) and its known distribution (full details in Blakemore, 2010b).

Fig. 10 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 10. Rhododrilus mangamingi Blakemore, sp. nov. Holotype AMNZ86028 showing dorsal views of prostomium (pharynx everted) and pygidium; ventral aspect of body with gizzard, spermathecae in 8 rhs & 9 rhs and prostate in 17 lhs with penial setae in situ, plus actual setal ratios in 9 rhs.

Fig. 11 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 11. Deinodrilus orcus Blakemore, sp. nov. Holotype AMNZ86029 showing dorsal view of prostomium and ventral aspect of body with spermathecae in 8 rhs & 9 rhs and prostates in 17 rhs & 19 rhs in situ. [Paratype setal ratios of 12 rhs boxed].

Fig. 7 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 7. "Spenceriella decapita" unpublished Queensland taxon from Blakemore (1994). This damaged specimen (ANIC RB.95. 5.19) is remarkably similar to Mt Wellington paratypes, especially P1, of A. kiwi kiwi (Fig. 6).

Fig. 5 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)

Fig. 5. Anisochaeta laingii (Benham, 1903) from Norfolk Island (Australia) the only previous Anisochaeta questionably reported from NZ. Its markings in segments 10-12 and 17 differ, but internal organization is somewhat similar to the new Anisochaeta spp. herein (After Benham's original with copy permission from Royal Society NZ; Oct., 2011).

FIGURES 35–41 in New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India

FIGURES 35–41. Karmiella sulvalliensis sp. nov. (35–38): 35, sigmoid a seta on segment viii; 36, genital region; 37, penial seta; 38, spermatheca. Wahoscolex michaelseni sp. nov. (39–41): 39, genital region; 40, penial seta; 41, spermatheca. Scale bar 4.0 mm (36, 39), 0.75 mm (38, 41), 0.065 mm (35, 40), 0.035 mm (37).

FIGURES 24–34 in New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India

FIGURES 24–34. Konkadrilus shimogensis sp. nov. (24–27): 24, genital region; 25, penial seta; 26, spermatheca; 27, copulatory seta. Konkadrilus gatesi sp. nov. (28–30): 28, genital region; 29, penial seta; 30, spermatheca. Hoplochaetella lavellei sp. nov. (31–34): 31, genital region; 32, penial seta; 33, spermatheca; 34, copulatory seta. Scale bar 3.75 mm (24, 31), 2.0 mm (28, 33), 0.7 mm (26, 30), 0.07 mm (25, 27, 29), 0.05 mm (32, 34).

FIGURES 13–23 in New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India

FIGURES 13–23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13–16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17–19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20–23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18).

FIGURES 2–12 in New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India

FIGURES 2–12. Senapatiella alfredi sp. nov. (2–5): 2, genital region; 3, penial seta; 4, spermatheca; 5, copulatory seta. Senapatiella ghatensis sp. nov. (6–9): 6, genital region; 7, penial seta; 8, spermatheca; 9, copulatory seta. Senapatiella herbettuensis sp. nov. (10–12): 10, genital region; 11, penial seta; 12, spermatheca. Scale bar 2 mm (2, 6, 10), 0.5 mm (4, 8, 12), 0.08 mm (5, 9), 0.05 mm (3, 7, 11).

FIGURE 1 in New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India

FIGURE 1. Study area showing localities of new taxa of earthworms in Sagar Forest Range, Shimoga Division, Karnataka state (India).

FIGURE 4 in An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 4. Simplified phylogeny of New Zealand earthworms including the three newly described species M. felix, D. gorgon and O. kenleei (NJ tree based on 16S rDNA). The 16S rDNA sequences obtained for the three newly described species were compared to similar sequences obtained by Buckley et al. (2011). One representative for each major clade of New Zealand endemic earthworms was included in the analysis (see Buckley et al. 2011). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method (Tamura et al. 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. There were a total of 441 positions in the final dataset.

FIGURE 3 in An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 3. Octochaetus kenleei Holotype showing dorsal view of prostomium and pygidium, and ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates in situ; gizzards are in 5 and 6 and calciferous gland is in 17; enlarged 9rhs spermatheca shows nephridia on either side.

FIGURE 1 in An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 1. Maoridrilus felix Holotype showing dorsal view of prostomium and pygidium, and ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates in situ; nephridium of 6lhs is as seen from dorsal dissection; enlarged penial seta 19rhs.

FIGURE 2 in An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 2. Deinodrilus gorgon Holotype showing dorsal view of prostomium and ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostates in situ; gizzard is in 6.

FIGURE 2 in Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India

FIGURE 2. Eutyphoeus phawngpuiensis sp. nov. Holotype (a) field photograph; (b) prostomium; (c) spermathecae (d) spermathecal pore and pre-clittelar genital markings; (e) male and female pore; (f) prostate; (g) lateral intestinal caeca (lic); (h) supra-intestinal gland; (i) penial setae; (j) illustration of genital region.

FIGURE 6 in Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India

FIGURE 6. Graph of ABGD cluster analysis using K80 measure of distance showing partitioning of species.

FIGURE 4 in Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India

FIGURE 4. Eutyphoeus tawi sp. nov.. Holotype (a) Field photograph (b) spermathecal pore; (c) male and female pore region; (d) magnified view of male genital region; (e) supra-intestinal glands; (f) median unpaired ventral caecae; (g) prostate; (h) tyhlosole; (i) spermathecae; (j) penial setae; (k) illustration of genital regions.

FIGURE 3 in Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India

FIGURE 3. Eutyphoeus serei sp. nov.. Holotype (a) field photograph; (b) spermathecal pore; (c) clitellar region, male pore and female pore; (d) male genital region; (e) prostate; (f) lateral intestinal caeca; (g) supra-intestinal glands; (h) spermathecae; (i) penial setae; (j) illustration of male genital region.