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419 results for “Octocorals”
Embryo and larval biology of the deep-sea octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor
<p>The study focuses on the early life stages of the species <em>Dentomuricea</em> aff. <em>meteor</em>, a common deep-sea octocoral in the Azores. The objective was to describe the embryo and larval development, survival and swimming behaviour of early life stages of the target species, under two temperature regimes, corresponding to the minimum and maximum temperatures in its natural environment during the spawning season (13 °C and 15°C). Embryo and larval development were monitored closely and revealed faster developmental rates under 15°C . Survival counts were performed throughout embryo and larval development, but were not statistically different between temperatures. Moreover, swimming behaviour was assessed by means of video recordings, revealing a higher larval swimming speed at 15°C. Additional data on larval behaviour are provided, including settlement and metamorphosis rates which were low for both temperatures. Our results showcase how small temperature fluctuations can affect embryo and larval characteristics, potentially impacting larval dispersal and success.</p>
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Octocorals
These data are evidence of the the long-term dynamics of shallow coral reefs along the south coast of St. John from as early as 1987. These data describe coral reef community structure by density based on the analysis of color photographs. All of these data originate from color images of photoquadrats recorded annually (usually in the summer) from as early as 1987. The data falls into three groups. The two groups that are contained in this data package are (1) Tektite & Yawzi and (2) Random sites. Tektite – this is at 14 m depth on the eastern side of Great Lameshur Bay and is the original site of the Tektite man-in-the sea project in 1969; this project marked the birth of the Virgin Islands Ecological Research Station (later the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station) that hosts the field component of the project. The reef in this location consists of a single buttress that has remained dominated by Montastraea anularis since the start of the research (1987). These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Yawzi – this is at 9 m depth and is on the western side of Great Lameshur Bay and has been recorded photographically since 1987. This reef also started the study period dominated by Montastraea annularis, but has degraded much more rapidly that the Tektite site. These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Random sites – were added in 1992 to address the concern that the original sites (Yawzi and Tektite) were selected on “good” areas of reef and, therefore, could only decline in condition. The Random sites were selected using random coordinates in 1992, and consist of 6 sites (at 7-9 m depth) scattered between Cabritte Point and White Point. All lie a little shoreward of Yawzi and Tektite, and have always been characterized by low coral cover (< 10% cover). The surveys consist of 18-40 photoquadrats (0.5 x 0.5 m; with sample size determined by the exposures on a 3
Genetic insights into recolonization processes of Mediterranean octocorals
<p>Marine ecosystems are strongly impacted by the consequences of human activities, such as climate change and habitat destruction or artificialization. In the Mediterranean Sea, sessile benthic species, and particularly octocorals, have been affected by mass mortality events linked with temperature anomalies. The future evolution of octocorals facing global change will depend on their recolonization abilities facing local extirpation or important modification of their habitat. We studied these processes in Mediterranean octocorals in two situations: the colonization of artificial substrates (wrecks) by the red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata, and the recolonization following mortality events in the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini. With microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic diversity of these populations and their differentiation from other neighboring populations. For P. clavata the populations on artificial substrates were not or lowly differentiated from the closest populations on natural substrates, and with similar levels of genetic diversity. Artificial substrates can then be considered as an interesting substitute for natural substrates for this species. For E. cavolini we did not detect any variation in diversity nor relatedness following recuperation after mortality events. In both cases our results suggest input from different populations in recolonization process, which helps in maintaining genetic diversity. These results are useful for the management of these species and of associated ecosystems.<br> The data are presented in two files, one for each species, at the Genepop format (https://kimura.univ-montp2.fr/~rousset/Genepop.htm). Some alleles have been recoded and do not correspond to the original PCR size so this dataset can not be used with methods based on allele size.</p>
FIGURE 2. A. Alcyonium paessleri May, 1899 in New records of octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the south western Atlantic Ocean, with zoogeographic considerations
FIGURE 2. A. Alcyonium paessleri May, 1899, alcohol sample, MACN 18635. B. Alcyonium haddoni Wright & Studer, 1889, alcohol sample, MACN 15666.
RAW DATA - The role of aborescent octocorals in shaping the diversity and composition of benthic communities
<p>Spreadsheets with the raw data from the Mediterranean and Antarctic remotely operated vehicle dives used for the Spearman rank correlation analyses, linear regression models, Principal coordinates analyses and PERMANOVA.</p> <p>R code use to carry out all these analyses is also included.</p>
Figure 3 in Crustaceans Associated with Cold Water Corals: A Comparison of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Octocoral Assemblages
Figure 3. Photos showing some of the amphipod species found associated with deep-sea gorgonians, of which many where undescribed species belonging to the pleustid group. (A, B) the undescribed pleustids, Chromopleustes sp. A_J2099 and sp. B_J2103 respectively; (C) Neopleustes sp. C_J2098, all associated with deep–sea gorgonians occurring below 1000 m depth (e.g., Acanthogorgia). (D) Neopleustes sp. D_J2103 occurred on octocorals of the family Plexauridae at 400 m. (E) Neupleustes eucanthoides Gurjanova, 1972 was also from an unidentified species of Acanthogorgia. (F) the extremely well armoured Uschakoviella echinophora belonging to the family Epimeriidae was observed associated with the coral Plumarella collected at 100 m.
Figure 2 in Crustaceans Associated with Cold Water Corals: A Comparison of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Octocoral Assemblages
Figure 2. ROV dive locations along the Aleutian Ridge, central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, during a cruise in 2004.
Figure 1 in Crustaceans Associated with Cold Water Corals: A Comparison of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Octocoral Assemblages
Figure 1. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dive locations in the New England and Corner Rise seamount groups, NW Atlantic, during cruises in 2003–2005.
Lethal and sublethal effects of marine heatwaves on octocorals early life history stages
<p>In this study, the effect of increased water temperature (+4 ºC and +6 ºC above ambient, 20 ºC) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (<em>Eunicella singularis</em> and <em>Corallium rubrum</em>). Moreover, data on larval biomass and caloric consumption of larvae per day are also provided.Our study shows that warmer treatments did not affect the survival of symbiotic <em>E. singularis </em>larvae, but drastically reduced the survival of the non-symbiotic <em>C. rubrum</em> larvae. The results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of <em>C. rubrum</em> exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of <em>E. singularis</em> did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26 ºC (+6 ºC). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life history stages suggest that the persistence and inter-connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.</p>
When resilience is not enough: 2022 extreme marine heatwave threatens climatic refugia for a habitat-forming Mediterranean octocoral
<p>Climate change is impacting ecosystems worldwide, and the Mediterranean Sea is no exception. Extreme climatic events, such as marine heat waves (MHWs), are increasing in frequency, extent, and intensity during the last decades, which has been associated with an increase in mass mortality events for multiple species. Coralligenous assemblages, where the octocoral <em>Paramuricea clavata</em> lives, are strongly affected by MHWs. The Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean) was considered a climate refugia for <em>P. clavata</em>, as their populations were showing some resilience to these changing conditions. In this study, we assessed the impacts of the MHWs that occurred between 2016 and 2022 in seven shallow populations of the octocoral <em>P. clavata</em> from a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. The years that the mortality rates increased significantly were associated with the ones with strong MHWs, 2022 being the one with higher mortalities. In 2022, with 50 MHW days, the proportion of total affected colonies was almost 70%, with a proportion of the injured surface of almost 40%, reaching levels never attained in our study site since the monitoring was started. We also found spatial variability between the monitored populations. Whereas few of them showed low levels of mortality, others lost around 75% of their biomass. The significant impacts documented here raise concerns about the future of shallow <em>P. clavata</em> populations across the Mediterranean, suggesting that the resilience of this species may not be maintained to sustain these populations face the ongoing warming trends.</p>
FIGURE 10 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (CASIZ 228194). B. Chromoplexaura marki (CASIZ 190436). C. Euplexaura sp. (CASIZ 220608). D. Swiftia torreyi (CASIZ 220958). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 9 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 9. Map of the Pacific coast of the United States showing the geographical ranges of Chromoplexaura marki () and Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (); arrow denotes type locality.
FIGURE 4 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 4. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – warty spindles. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 8. Map of Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (central California); type locality of Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. (red triangle). Map adapted from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014).
FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 5. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – warty spindles. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 3. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), showing individual colonies of the new species (red arrows) with surrounding habitat. A. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, ca. 100 m depth, 8 August 2018. B. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, 102 m depth, 8 August 2018, with a nudibranch mollusk (Dendrodoris azineae) to the immediate left. C. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m in depth, 7 September 2007. D. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m depth, 8 September 2007. E. Image taken at La Cruz Canyon, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 106.8 m depth, 28 October 2018. F. Image taken at Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, 86 m depth, 31 October 2018. Photographs courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 2. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype, external morphology. A, D. Partial colony, scale bar = 10 mm. B. Detail of the proximal branch, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Distal apex region of the middle branch, scale bar = 5 mm. E. Apex region of the main stem, scale bar = 5 mm. F. Compound microscope view of sclerites at 100x magnification, showing yellow coloration, scale bar = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 1. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Survey Vessel, FSV Bell M. Shimada, conducts fisheries and oceanographic research throughout the Pacific coast of the United States. All type specimens of the new coral species described herein were collected by Remote Operational Vehicle (ROV) on board this ship in 2018. Photo by Gary C. Williams.
FIGURE 7 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
FIGURE 7. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
Figure 6 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
Figure 6. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – radiates (top row) and various immature sclerites (middle and bottom rows). Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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