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Fig. 10 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 10. Geographical distribution of ten species of Odontophrynus Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 in South America and the respective haplotype network with the colors of each cluster also indicated on the map. Median-joining haplotype network of specimens from genus Odontophrynus based on partial sequences of the 16S mtDNA gene. Each haplotype is represented by a circle whose area is proportional to its frequency. Traits indicate additional mutational steps for branches with more than one mutation. Different colors indicate species-level units. The black dots are median vectors (hypothesized sequences). Highlighted, the altitude map shows the distribution of the genus in central, south, and southeast of Brazil. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espirito Santo; GO = Goiás; MS = Mato Grosso do Sul; MT = Mato Grosso; PR = Paraná; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; SC = Santa Catarina; SP = São Paulo; TO = Tocantins.

Fig. 12 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 12. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the linear measures showing distribution of the species in the reduced space composed by the first two principal components. Yellow circle = O. cultripes group, grey circle = O. americanus group, and blue circle = O. occidentalis group. Tadpole illustrations and pictures were obtained from the original species descriptions: O. juquinha image obtained from Rocha et al. 2017; O. maisuma image, from Borteiro et al. 2010; O. monachus image, from Menegucci et al. 2016; O. carvalhoi image, from Santos et al. 2017; O. americanus, O. cultripes, and O. occidentalis, from Savage & Cei 1965; and O. cordobae image, from Grenat et al. 2009). Linear measures used to perform PCA are in the Supp file 1: Table S2.

Fig. 7. A in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 7. A. Advertisement call of Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. B. Acoustic-space of Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. and Odontophrynus juquinha Rocha, Sena, Pezzuti, Leite, Svartman, Rosset, Baldo & Garcia, 2017, and the respective grid with the position of each semilandmark. The positions of the semilandmarks were obtained in the 3D spectrogram and summarized in a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA). With this, the ordering graphic recovered 73.8% of all the acoustic-space variance in the first two PCA axes, resulting in a non-overlapping of the acoustic-space of the two species.

Fig. 3 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 3. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov., external morphology of the tadpole at stage 37–40. A–C. Lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. D–E. Ventral tube. F. Spiracular aperture. G. Keft nare with an elevated marginal rim. H–I. Body on dorsal view and front view respectively indicating visible series of the lateral line system: supraorbital (SO), infraorbital (IO), posterior supraorbital (PSO), posterior infraorbital (PIO), dorsal (D), and middle (M). J. Oral disc closed. K. Oral disc opened. Scale bars: A–C = 5 mm; D–F = 0.5 mm; G = 0.2 mm; H = 2.5 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J–K = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 2. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZUEC-AMP 24833), in life. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 8. Karyotype of Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. A. Giemsa-stained karyotype. Note the length variation among chromosomes 9 due to the NOR size variation (see text for details). B. Giemsastained chromosomes extracted from two distinct cells in meiosis I. The number of tetravalents differed between both cells. C. Chromosome group 9 from one metaphase of the specimen ZUEC-AMP 24764 sequentially subjected to Giemsa-staining (G) and the Ag-NOR method (Ag-NOR). Arrows indicate secondary constrictions. Note the NOR size variation among the homologues. D. C-banded karyotype. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 5. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZUEC-AMP 24833), skeleton, generated by microtomography. A. Dorsal view of the individual. B. Ventral view of the individual. C. Lateral view of the head and arms. D. Ventral view of the skull. E. Dorsal view of the skull. F. Ventral view of the hand. G. Ventral view of the foot.

Fig. 1 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 1. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZUEC-AMP 24833). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view of the head. D. Ventral view of the foot. E. Ventral view of the hand. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 4. Falcaustra sanjuanensis. A in Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 4. Falcaustra sanjuanensis. A — female, anterior extremity, lateral view; B — male, posterior extremity, lateral view; C — gubernaculum, ventral view; D — spicules, ventral view; E — female, posterior extremity, lateral view; F — male, posterior extremity, ventral view.

Fig. 3. Aplectana hylambatis. A in Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 3. Aplectana hylambatis. A — female, general view; B — male, general view; C — male, anterior extremity, lateral view; D — male, posterior extremity, ventral view; E — female, posterior extremity, lateral view; F — gubernaculum, lateral view; G — vulva, ventral view.

Fig. 2 in Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 2. Nyctotheroides sp. A — Light microscopic image; B — Schematic drawing; Abbreviations: Ci — cilia; CV — contractile vacuole; Cp — cytoproct; If — infundibulum; Ma — macronucleus; Mi — micronucleus; Pe — peristome.

Fig. 1 in Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina

Fig. 1. The collection site and study species from the Monte Desert, San Juan, Argentina. A — collection site "Quebrada de las Flores" (Atlas socioeconómico de San Juan. 1° Ed. San Juan: Editorial UNSJ., after 2017); B — adult male O. occidentalis; C — habitat used by O. occidentalis.

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Fig. 4 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 4. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. in life. A. Tadpole. B. Metamorph.

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Fig. 6 in A new species of Odontophrynus (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from the southern portion of the Mantiqueira mountains

Fig. 6. Odontophrynus toledoi sp. nov. (ZUEC-AMP 23469), skull. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 9. Odontophrynus monachus sp. nov., holotype, ZUEC 4440, adult male, SVL 40.6 mm, from the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Municipality of São Roque de Minas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D).

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 7. (A) audiospectrogram, (B) oscillogram, (C) oscillogram of the first note, and (D) power spectrum of the advertisement call of Odontophrynus carvalhoi (UFBA 2911) from the Municipality of Maracás, State of Bahia, Brazil. Air temperature not recorded.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 1. Living specimen of Odontophrynus cultripes, MZUFV 6669, SVL 62,6 mm, adult male, from the Serra do Brigadeiro, Municipality of Araponga, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Photo by Renato N. Feio: December 2005).

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 8. Odontophrynus monachus sp. nov., holotype, ZUEC 4440, adult male, SVL 40.6 mm, from the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Municipality of São Roque de Minas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.

FIGURE 5. Odontophrynus carvalhoi, MNRJ 50203 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 5. Odontophrynus carvalhoi, MNRJ 50203, adult male, SVL 57.4 mm, from the Municipality of Maracás, State of Bahia, Brazil. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; head profile (C); ventral views of foot (D) and hand (E).

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic revision of the Odontophrynus cultripes species group, with description of a new related species (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

FIGURE 6. Living specimen of Odontophrynus carvalhoi, UFBA 7350, adult male, SVL 61.8 mm, from the Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens, Serra de Jacobina mountain (a regional designation of the Serra do Espinhaço mountain range), Municipality of Miguel Calmon, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil (Photos by Rafael O. Abreu: 19 February 2007).