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16 results for “Olive orchards”
Olive orchard stress assessment with supplementary Sentinel-2 data
<p>This file contains ground truthing data from olive orchards in Halkidiki, N.Greece and Sentinel-2 data for the noted samples. The samples collected for ground truthing are polygons inside the borders of olive orchards in Halkidiki. Polygons or Sampling units contain information associated with biotic and abiotic stress-related assessments carried out by visual inspection and laboratory analysis of samples with ongoing symptoms. Assessments were recorded as percentages of symptoms observed in the total vegetation surface present in each sampling unit. Symptom percentages were attributed to three possible classes: Verticillium dahliae, Spilocaea oleaginea, Unidentified Stress Factors. These percentage values were used to characterize healthy trees and the incidence of V. dahliae, S. oleaginea and unidentified stress factors (USF) in the sample. USF was used for all other non-classified surveyed symptoms attributed to diseases, pests, or abiotic-related damage. Percentages were summed to compute the total stress present in each sampling unit. “Total stress” refers to the stress incidence value used together with different thresholds to create binary labels for each sample of “stressed” or “not stressed”.</p> <p>The polygon geographical information for each sample were recorded and stored in shapefile format using SW maps, a mobile mapping and GIS app.</p> <p>Sentinel-2 data was paired with each sample using the Feature Info Service (FIS) available from sentinel hub, now upgraded into the Statistical API tool ( & ). This API enables acquisition of statistics calculated based on satellite imagery without having to download images. In the Statistical API request the area of interest, time period, evalscript and statistical measures of interest can be calculated. The requested statistics are returned in the API response.</p> <p>Statistical API deployments:</p> <p><a href="https://creodias.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics">https://creodias.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics</a></p> <p><a href="https://services.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics">https://services.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics</a></p> <p><a href="https://services-uswest2.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics">https://services-uswest2.sentinel-hub.com/api/v1/statistics</a></p>
Figures 16–18 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Hanshumba (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
Figures 16–18. (16) relief map showing the position in the Mantiqueira mountain range (southeastern Brazil) of the type locality – Wenceslau Braz (star) – and the nearby São Bento do Sapucaí (circle), where material of Hanshumba mariae sp. nov. has also been collected. (17, 18) two views of the olive orchard at the type locality.
Figures 1–15 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Hanshumba (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
Figures 1–15. Hanshumba mariae sp. nov. (1) female, habitus, laterodorsal view (length 5.9 mm); (2–6) male terminalia: (2) pygofer, lateroventral view; (3) valve, subgenital plates, connective, styles, and distal rami of paraphyses, dorsal view (the stalk and proximal rami of the paraphyses are not visible); (4) paraphyses, dorsal view; (5) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (6) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (7–15) female terminalia: (7) distal portion of sternite VII, ventral view; (8) sternite VII and "internal" sternite VIII, anteroventral view; (9) pygofer (contour of posterior margin highlighted), also showing the gonangulum, valvifer II, gonoplac, and part of the anal tube, lateral view; (10) valvula I of ovipositor, lateral view; (11) apex of valvula I, lateral view; (12) valvulae II of ovipositor, lateral view; (13) teeth at basal portion, lateral view; (14) teeth at apical portion, lateral view; (15) apex of valvula II, lateral view. (Aa) aedeagal apex, (Ae) aedeagus, (At) anal tube, (Co) connective, (De) denticle, (Ds) dorsal sculptured area, (Gn) gonangulum, (Gp) gonoplac, (Pp) pygofer process, (Pr) paraphyses ramus, (Sp) subgenital plate, (St) style, (Sviii) "internal" sternite VIII, (Va) valve, (Vii) valvifer II, (Vs) ventral sculptured area.
Tea bag index (TBI) for a field trial (olive orchard) in Ferrandina (Basilicata, Italy)
<p>The file contains mean k and S value per GPS location, with as meta-data the starting date, duration and biome of the study.</p>
FIGURES 15–16 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
FIGURES 15–16. Type locality of Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov. at the area of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Maria da Fé, state of Minas Gerais. 15, Forest fragment. 16, Olive orchard. Photographs kindly provided by Pedro H. A. Moura (EPAMIG).
FIGURE 14 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
FIGURE 14. Known distribution of Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., E. separata Melichar, 1926, and E. dorsalis (Signoret, 1853) in southeastern and southern Brazilian states. Erythrogonia dorsalis is also possibly distributed in the state of São Paulo (see discussion). MG: Minas Gerais; ES: Espírito Santo; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; SP: São Paulo; PR: Paraná; SC: Santa Catarina; RS: Rio Grande do Sul.
FIGURES 7–10 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
FIGURES 7–10. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., female. 7, Sternite VII, ventral view. 8, First valvifers and "internal" sternite VIII, dorsal view; red arrows, from top to bottom, indicate the transverse bar, elongate sclerite, and posterior bilobed sclerite of sternite VIII. 9, Base of ovipositor valvulae I, anterior view; red arrow indicates transverse bar of sternite VIII. 10, Valvulae II of ovipositor, lateral view. 10a, teeth at posterior half. 10b, dorsoapical portion. 10c, ventroapical portion. Den: denticle; Duc: duct; Por: pore; Ppr: preapical prominence; Ram: ramus; Too: tooth; Vl1: valvifer I; Vv1: valvula I.
FIGURES 11–13 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
FIGURES 11–13. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., female (total length 7.0 mm). 11 and 12, Body in dorsal and laterodorsal views, respectively. 13, Face, anterior view.
FIGURES 1–6 in A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards
FIGURES 1–6. Erythrogonia sinvali sp. nov., male. 1, Crown and pronotum, dorsal view. 2, Pygofer, lateral view. 3, Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. 4, Valve, basal portion of subgenital plates, styles, connective, and paraphyses, dorsal view. 5, Ejaculatory bulb, aedeagus, and anal tube processes, lateral view. 6, apex of aedeagus, caudal view. Con: connective; Par: reduced paraphyses; Pat: process of anal tube; Sty: style; Val: valve.
Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards
<p>Fleshy-fruit production is becoming more intensive worldwide, but how this affects frugivorous birds is poorly known. In the Mediterranean region, intensive and super-intensive olive orchards are fast expanding, potentially affecting millions of wintering songbirds. Here we test the idea that intensification may benefit frugivorous birds, at least locally, due to increased fruit availability, while negatively affecting the wider wintering bird community due to intensive management, structural simplification and landscape homogenisation. We estimated olive abundance and surveyed birds in early, mid- and late winter, at traditional, intensive, and super-intensive orchards in southern Portugal. We used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities to relate species richness, prevalence and abundance to management intensity, winter period, olive availability and landscape context, and evaluated the role of frugivory on observed responses. Olive availability was much higher throughout the winter in more intensive than in traditional orchards, both in trees and on the ground. Frugivorous bird abundance was higher in more intensive orchards, and the most abundant frugivorous species (blackcap, song thrush, robin) were positively affected by olive availability and/or increasing landscape cover by olive orchards, while intensification level had relatively minor effects after accounting for other variables. Non-frugivorous richness and abundance were higher in traditional orchards, and many non-frugivorous species were less prevalent in more intensive orchards or negatively affected by landscapes dominated by olive cultivation. Synthesis and applications. While negatively affecting the wider bird community, our results suggest that olive farming intensification can contribute to sustain large numbers of frugivorous birds in the Mediterranean region. As frugivorous birds are not seen as damaging by olive farmers, there is an opportunity to promote their conservation in intensive and super-intensive orchards, which requires management to increase habitat heterogeneity, and to reduce risks such as mortality associated with mechanical harvest and contamination with pesticide residues. Overall, we recommend that efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should consider the impacts and conservation opportunities of fruit crop intensification.</p>
Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards
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Figure 5 from: Theron P, Leiva S, Fernandez N, Rollard C (2013) Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. (Acari, Actinedida, Stigmaeidae), a recently discovered predator of eriophyid mites Aceria oleae and Oxycenus maxwelli, in olive orchards in Argentina. ZooKeys 312: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5520
Figure 5 - Malformations induced by eriophyid mites on leaves and fruit. A affected leaves B affected fruit. The upper left fruit is normal, others with malformations C young fruit attacked by Aceria oleae D detail of attack in C.
Figure 2 from: Theron P, Leiva S, Fernandez N, Rollard C (2013) Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. (Acari, Actinedida, Stigmaeidae), a recently discovered predator of eriophyid mites Aceria oleae and Oxycenus maxwelli, in olive orchards in Argentina. ZooKeys 312: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5520
Figure 2 - Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. Adult female, SEM. A eye and post ocular body, lateral view B external scapular setae (sce), lateral view C internal vertical setae (vi), lateral view D eye and postocular body, detail, lateral view (indicated by stars and arrow) E ornamentation, metapodosomal plate. Abreviations: see Material and Methods. Scale bars: A: 10µm; B, D, E: 5µm; C: 2µm.
Figure 1 from: Theron P, Leiva S, Fernandez N, Rollard C (2013) Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. (Acari, Actinedida, Stigmaeidae), a recently discovered predator of eriophyid mites Aceria oleae and Oxycenus maxwelli, in olive orchards in Argentina. ZooKeys 312: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5520
Figure 1 - Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. Adult female, optical microscopy. A dorsal view B ventral view C palp D cuticular components of genital chamber; the anogenital covers are presented as indication of its relation to genital organs. E, anogenital covers. Abbreviations see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm; C, D, E: 15 µm.
Figure 4 from: Theron P, Leiva S, Fernandez N, Rollard C (2013) Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. (Acari, Actinedida, Stigmaeidae), a recently discovered predator of eriophyid mites Aceria oleae and Oxycenus maxwelli, in olive orchards in Argentina. ZooKeys 312: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5520
Figure 4 - Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. Adult female, legs. All legs in dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Materials and Methods. Scale bar A–D: 50 µm.
Figure 3 from: Theron P, Leiva S, Fernandez N, Rollard C (2013) Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. (Acari, Actinedida, Stigmaeidae), a recently discovered predator of eriophyid mites Aceria oleae and Oxycenus maxwelli, in olive orchards in Argentina. ZooKeys 312: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5520
Figure 3 - Agistemus aimogastaensis sp. n. Adult female, SEM. A palp, tibia and tarsus lateral view B ambulacrum leg I, lateral view. C. dorsocentral a setae D dorsolateral la setae E ps2 setae. F ps3 setae. Abreviations see material and Methods. Scale bars: B, E: 5µm; A, C, D, F: 5µm. Small stars indicate the association of eupathidia ul', ul" and sul. Diamond indicates palp tibial claw. Double arrow, indicates claw, and special single arrow indicate capitate fan-shaped raylets.
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