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FIG. 11 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 11. Rhinophore recovery after removal of the clavus with lamellae (light microscopy). A. Appearance of the regenerate on the 2nd day post amputation, front view. B, C. Regeneration bud on the surface of the regenerate and intact rhinophore, dorsal view. D–F. The appearance of the rhinophore on the 7th day after injury from the dorsal side (D, E) and from the front (F). G–H. Appearance of the regenerate with the first lamellae, isolated apex and spicules inside. I. Spicule of the regenerate on the 10th day post amputation. Abbreviation: arrh – apex of regenerating rhinophore; irh – intact rhinophore; rrh – regenerating rhinophore; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body; t – tubercle.

FIG. 10 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 10. Regenerating rhinophore external morphology (SEM). A–B. 22 days post amputation. C. 25 days post amputation. A. Dorsal view of the anterior part of the notum with rhinophores. B. Side view of a regenerating rhinophore. C. Rear view. Abbreviation: irh – intact rhinophore; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rrh – regenerating rhinophore; rp – rhinophore pocket; rt – rhinotubercle; t – tubercle. Scalebar: A – 400µm.

FIG. 9 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 9. Regenerating rhinophore morphology (SEM). A–B. 15 days after amputation. C–E. 17 days after amputation. A. External view of a rhinophore with three lamellae. B. Scrapped rhinophore with spicules. C. External view of the rhinophore with 5 symmetrical lamellae along the anterior side. The ciliary cover is uniform over the entire surface of the rhinophore. D. Breakage of the basal part of the regenerating rhinophore with retractor muscles and spicules. E. Spicules with monolithic and inhomogeneous internal structure. Abbreviation: ct – cilia tuft; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rm – retractor muscles; rt – rhinotubercle; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body.

FIG. 8 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 8. Regenerating rhinophore morphology (SEM). A–B. 10 days after amputation. C–D. 12 days after amputation. The apical part of the regenerating rhinophore with lamellae is abundantly covered with cilia. Abbreviation: ct – cilia tuft; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rp – rhinophore pocket; rt – rhinotubercle.

FIG. 7 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 7. Regenerating rhinophore morphology (SEM). A–E. 7 days after amputation (dpa). F–H. 10 days after amputation. A. Longitudinal section through the regeneration and intact rhinophores. B–E. Longitudinal section through the regenerating rhinophore with a dense muscular layer and spicules in the apical part. F. External morphology through the regenerating rhinophore with first lamellae and a well–shaped apex. G. Longitudinal section through the regenerating rhinophore with a lymphatic cavity at its base. H. Longitudinal section through the apical part of the rhinophore with spicules. Abbreviation: arrh – apex of regenerating rhinophore; bc – buccal complex; i – infusoria; irh – intact rhinophore; lc – lymphatic cavity; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rm – retractor muscles; rp – rhinophore pocket; rrh – regenerating rhinophore; rt – rhinotubercle; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body.

FIG. 12 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 12. Regenerating rhinophore external morphology after removal of the clavus with lamellae (Light microscopy).An increase in the number of rhinophore lamellae and spicules inside it. A, B, C, E, G. Dorsal view. D, F, H. Front view. Abbreviation: arrh – apex of regenerating rhinophore; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rrh – regenerating rhinophore; rt – rhinotubercle; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body.

FIG. 6 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 6. Regenerating rhinophore morphology (SEM, light microscopy). A–B. Longitudinal section trough the regenerating rhinophore, one day post amputation (dpa). C. External morphology of the regenerating rhinophore with cilia tufts (4 dpa). D. Spicule are into the regeneration rhinphore (5 dpa). E. Scrapped of the apical part of regenerating rhinophore (5 dpa). F. The spicule in the apical parts of the regenerating rhinophore (5 dpa). Abbreviation: ct – cilia tuft; lc – lymphatic cavity; rhb – rhinophore regenerating bud; rt – rhinotubercle; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body.

FIG. 5 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 5. Rhinophore regeneration after removal of the apex and three rhinophore lamellae (light microscopy). A. Frontal section through the front of the body. Left – intact rhinophore, right – rhinophore 1 day after amputation of the apex and two rhinophore lamellae (1dpa). B. Regenerating rhinophore (1 dpa). The apical lamellae are everted. C. Top view of the rhinophores at 3 dpa. On the left – regenerating rhinophore, on the right – intact rhinophore. D. External morphology of the regenerating rhinophore at 3 dpa. E. Frontal section through the front of the body. Left – intact rhinophore, right – rhinophore 1 day after amputation of the apex and two rhinophore lamellae (5 dpa). F. Regenerating rhinophore (5 dpa). Apical lamellae return to normal position. G. Top view of the rhinophores 21 days after amputation. On the left – regenerating rhinophore, on the right – intact rhinophore. The formed tip of the rhinophore is visible. H. Regenerating rhinophore with internal spicules (21 dpa). Abbreviation: arl – apical rhinophore lamellae; arrh – apex of regenerating rhinophore; bc – buccal complex; irh – intact rhinophore; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rrh – regenerating rhinophore; rt – rhinotubercles; sp – spicule; spb – spicule of body; t – tubercle.

FIG. 4 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 4. Scheme of the regeneration of Onchidoris muricata rhinophore after cutting off the entire rhinophore. Abbreviations: f – furrow; rarh – regenerating rhinophore apex; rb – regeneration bulb; rh – rhinophore stalk; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rp – rhinophore pocket; rrl – regenerating rhinophore lamellae; rt – rhinotubercle.

FIG. 3 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 3. Scheme of the regeneration of Onchidoris muricata rhinophore after cutting off the apex and three lamellae. Abbreviations: dpa – day post amputation; rarh – regenerating rhinophore apex; rb – regenerating bulb; rh – rhinophore stalk; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rp – rhinophore pocket; rrl – regenerating rhinophore lamellae; rt – rhinotubercle.

FIG. 1 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 1. General features of Onchidoris muricata body morphology (A. Living photo; B, C, D, E, F. SEM; G, H. Light microscopy). A. Living O. muricata on bryozoan. B. External morphology of rhinophore with rhinotubercles. C. External appearance of an intact tubercle. D. Fractured intact rhinophore. E. Internal structure of a fragment of an intact rhinophore upon breakage. F. Spicules of an intact rhinophore. G. Longitudinal section through a fragment of an intact rhinophore and rhinotubercle. H. Longitudinal section through a tubercle. Abbreviation: arh – apex of rhinophore; br – bryozoa; rh – rhinophore; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rm – retractor muscules; rn – rhinophore nerve; rp – rhinophore pocket; rt – rhinotubercle; sp – spicule; sprt – rhinotubercle spicule; spt – tubercle spicule; t – tubercle; tep – tubercle epithelium.

FIG. 2 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 2. Scheme of the experiment on the Onchidoris muricata rhinophore removal. On the left is a general view of the rhinophore. The dotted lines indicate the rhinophore cutting off sites. On the right are the experimental groups: 1) with a removed apex and three lamellae of the rhinophore, 2) a completely removed rhinophore, 3) a rhinophore with a removed lamellae part (clavus). Abbreviations: arh – apex of rhinophore; rl – rhinophore lamellae; rp – rhinophore pocket; rs – rhinophore stalk; rt – rhinotubercle.

FIG. 13 in Regeneration in the dorids exemplified by Onchidoris muricata (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)

FIG. 13. Regeneration of tubercles after removal. A, B. Light microscopy. C–F. SEM. A, C. Damaged tubercle in the ctenidia region. B, D. Epithelialization of the wound, tubercle recovery does not occur. E. Rhinotubercle on the 7th day post amputation. F. Rhinotubercle at the rhinophore 21 days post amputation. Abbreviation: i – infusoria; kt – ctenidia; rh – rhinophore; rp – rhinophore pocket; rt – regenerating tubercle; rrt – regenerating rhinotubercle; t – tubercle; tep – tubercle epithelium.

FIGURE 14 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 14. Radulae of species of the genus Onchidoris, scanning electron micrographs. A–C Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37465, living specimen, 15 mm length, NW Pacific, Kamchatka peninsula, Starichkov Island; A. Part of the radula; B. Middle rows enlarged, showing straight smooth first lateral teeth; C. Anterior rows enlarged, showing straight smooth first lateral teeth; D. Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37467, preserved specimen, 7 mm length, NW Pacific, Commander Islands, anterior part of the radula; E–F, Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov. ZMMU Lc-37465, living specimen, 15 mm length; E. Close up of cusps of first lateral teeth; F. Few rows enlarged; G–H, Onchidoris muricata (Müller, 1776), ZMMU, not registered, living specimen, 9 mm length, Barents Sea, Dalne-Zelenetskaya Bay, intertidal; G. Middle part of the radula; H. First lateral teeth enlarged; I. Onchidoris muricata (Müller, 1776), ZMMU, not registered, living specimen, 8 mm length, White Sea, Kandalakshsky Bay, Cape Kartesh, from 5–7 m depth. Scale bars: A―100 μm, B―20 μm, C―20 μm, D―60 μm, E―20 μm, F―10 μm, G―40 μm, H―50 μm, I―20 μm. Photos: Alexander Martynov.

FIGURE 13 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 13. Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov., living animals. A–B, holotype, ZMMU Lc-37463, living animal, 7 mm length, NW Pacific, Kamchatka peninsula, Starichkov Island; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C–F, paratype, Lc-37465, living animal, 15 mm length, from the same locality as holotype; C. Ventral view; D. Close up of the gills; E. Same specimen, frontal and dorsal view; F. Same specimen, close up of the rhinophore and rhinophoral pocket. Photos: A–C Tatiana Korshunova; D–F Karen Sanamyan.

FIGURE 12 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 12. Reproductive system of members of the genus Adalaria. A–B, Adalaria slavi sp. nov., based on examination of three paratypes ZMMU Lc-37447, living specimens, 18–20 mm length; A. Dorsal view; B. Details of the seminal reservoirs, vagina and connecting ducts; C–D, Adalaria olgae sp. nov., based on examination of three paratypes, Lc-37455, living specimens, 9–12 mm length; C. Dorsal view; D. Lateral view showing oviduct, vagina and bursa connections. Scale bars―1 mm. Drawings by Tatiana Korshunova based on Alexander Martynov originals.

FIGURE 9 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 9. Adalaria slavi sp. nov., living animals. A–B, Holotype, ZMMU Lc-37456, living animal, 23 mm length, NW Pacific, Kamchatka peninsula, Starichkov Island; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view showing a trilobed oral veil; C–F, paratype, ZMMU Lc-37457, living animal, 20 mm length; C. Left lateral view showing the distinctive pattern of numerous small white dots on the hyponotum; D. Close up of the rhinophore and rhinophoral pocket; E. Gills, enlarged; F. Ventral view showing long everted penis. Photos: A–C, F Tatiana Korshunova; D–E Karen Sanamyan.

FIGURE 8 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 8. Representatives of the genera Adalaria, Onchidoris and Calycidoris, dorsal and ventral views. A. Adalaria jannae Millen, 1987, ZMMU, not registered, living animal, 8 mm length, Starichkov Island; B. Adalaria proxima (Alder et Hancock, 1854), ZMMU, not registered, Barents Sea, Dalne-Zelenetskaya Bay, living non-mature specimen with poorly differentiated reproductive system and smooth first lateral teeth, 13 mm length, intertidal; C. Adalaria proxima (Alder & Hancock, 1854), ZMMU, not registered, living juvenile, 7 mm length, White Sea, Kandalakshsky Bay, Cape Kartesh, depth 5–7 m; D. Onchidoris muricata (Müller, 1776), ZMMU, not registered, living animal, 7 mm length, Barents Sea, Dalne-Zelenetskaya Bay, intertidal; E. Calycidoris guentheri Abraham, 1876, ZIN N 40, preserved specimen, 23 mm length, Bering Sea, 66° 55,5' N 165° 55,1' W, from 22 m depth. Photos: Tatiana Korshunova.

FIGURE 7 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 7. Buccal pumps, posterior and lateral views. A. Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc- 37447; B. Adalaria slavi sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37460, living specimen, 10 mm length; C. Adalaria olgae sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37455, living specimen, 12 mm length; D. Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37465, living specimen, 15 mm length. Scale bars―1 mm. Drawings by Tatiana Korshunova based on Alexander Martynov originals.

FIGURE 6 in Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters

FIGURE 6. Parts of the dorsal spicule network including tubercles, scanning electron micrographs. A–B, Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37448; A. Living animal, 18 mm length; B. Same, details enlarged; C. Calycidoris guentheri Abraham, 1876, ZIN N 40, preserved specimen, 23 mm length; D–F, Adalaria slavi sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37457; D. Living specimen, 18 mm length; E. Details of tubercles; F. Close up of the spicules; G–H, Adalaria olgae sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37455; G. Living specimen, 9 mm length; H. Close up of the spicules; I–J, Onchidoris macropompa sp. nov., paratype ZMMU Lc-37465; I. Living specimen, 15 mm length; J. Close up of the spicules; K. Adalaria jannae Millen, 1987, living animal, 8 mm length, NE Pacific, Kamchatka peninsula, Starichkov Island, from 13–15 m depth. Scale bars: A―200 μm, B―50 μm, C―500 μm, D―500 μm, E―200 μm, F―100 μm, G―200 μm, H―50 μm, I―200 μm, J―100 μm, K―500 μm. Photos: Alexander Martynov.