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8 results for “Operophtera”
Real-time geographic settling of a hybrid zone between the invasive winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) and the native Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata Hulst)
<p>Hybridization plays an important and underappreciated role in shaping the evolutionary trajectories of species. Following the introduction of a non-native organism to a novel habitat, hybridization with a native congener may affect the probability of establishment of the introduced species. In most documented cases of hybridization between a native and a non-native species, a mosaic hybrid zone is formed, with hybridization occurring heterogeneously across the landscape. In contrast, most naturally occurring hybrid zones are clinal in structure. Here we report on a long-term microsatellite dataset that monitored hybridization between the invasive winter moth, <i>Operophtera brumata </i>(Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and the native Bruce spanworm, <i>O. bruceata, </i>over a 12-year period. Our results document one of the first examples of the real-time formation and geographic settling of a clinal hybrid zone. In addition, by comparing one transect in Massachusetts where extreme winter cold temperatures have been hypothesized to restrict the distribution of winter moth, and one in coastal Connecticut, where winter temperatures are moderated by Long Island Sound, we<i> </i>find that the location of the hybrid zone appears to be independent of environmental variables and maintained under a tension model wherein the stability of the hybrid zone is constrained by population density, reduced hybrid fitness, and low dispersal rates. Documenting the formation of a contemporary clinal hybrid zone may provide important insights into the factors that shaped other well-established hybrid zones.</p>
Real-time geographic settling of a hybrid zone between the invasive winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) and the native Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata Hulst)
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Successful biological control of winter moth, Operophtera brumata, in the northeastern United States
Winter moth, <i>Operophtera brumata</i>, native to Europe, invaded the northeastern United States in the late 1990s, where it caused widespread defoliation of forests and shade trees ranging from 2,266 to 36,360 ha per year between 2003 and 2015 in Massachusetts. In 2005, we initiated a biological control effort based on the specialist tachinid parasitoid <i>Cyzenis albicans</i>, which had previously been introduced along with the generalist ichneumonid parasitoid <i>Agrypon flaveolatum</i> to control winter moth in Nova Scotia in the 1950s and British Columbia in the 1970s. Due to concerns of possible non-target impacts by <i>A. flaveolatum</i>, we focused entirely on the specialist <i>C. albicans</i>. Each year for 14 years, we collected several thousand individuals of <i>C. albicans</i> from British Columbia and released them across widely-spaced sites in the northeastern United States. As of 2020, we had established <i>C. albicans</i> at 41 of 44 sites from coastal Maine to southeastern Connecticut. By 2016 winter moth densities (pupae/m2) had declined from 100-500 pupae/m2 to 0-10 pupae/m2 at six widely spaced release sites and was coincident with the onset of 10-40% parasitism. At one site in Wellesley, Massachusetts, this decline occurred in 2012 and winter moth densities have remained low for seven subsequent years. Defoliation in Massachusetts has been reduced to undetectable levels since 2016. DNA sequencing of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial gene CO1 confirmed that all <i>C. albicans</i> reared from winter moth matched the <i>C. albicans</i> collected from Vancouver Island and were distinct from parasitic flies (presumably a native species) reared from a native congener of winter moth, Bruce spanworm (<i>O. bruceata</i>). Successful establishment of <i>C. albicans</i> on winter moth represents a rare, if not the only, example of the biological control of a major forest defoliator that attacks a wide range of tree species anywhere in the world by the establishment of a single specialist natural enemy.
Data from: A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into low-arctic shrub tundra
<p>Climate warming allows generalist boreal consumers to expand into arctic ecosystems. We present experimental and observational field data showing that a generalist boreal insect pest – the winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i> Linnaeus, 1758) – is expanding its outbreak range out of the northern-boreal mountain birch forest in northeast Fennoscandia and into the adjacent low-artic shrub tundra. This is the first documented example of an outbreaking boreal insect pest expanding into a tundra ecosystem. The expansion has coincided with a long-term advancing trend in the expected hatching date of moth eggs in spring for the study region. We show that the winter moth can complete development on low-arctic willows and that the density of winter moth larvae in willow thickets is unrelated to the amount of mountain birch (the main host plant in northern-boreal forest) in the thickets. However, we also demonstrate that larval densities on willows show a regional-scale spatial decline when moving away from the birch forest and into the shrub tundra. Continued monitoring is needed to establish if the outbreaks will spread further into the tundra. The expansion of outbreaking boreal pests into the tundra could alter conventional expectations of increasing vegetation productivity and shrubification in tundra ecosystems.</p>
Successful biological control of winter moth, Operophtera brumata, in the northeastern United States
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Data from: Modeling winter moth Operophtera brumata egg phenology: nonlinear effects of temperature and developmental stage on developmental rate
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Data from: A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into low-arctic shrub tundra
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Figs 8–14. Operophtera spp. from Amurskaya oblast. 8–10 – O in NEW DATA ON GEOMETRID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) FROM AMURSKAYA OBLAST
Figs 8–14. Operophtera spp. from Amurskaya oblast. 8–10 – O. brunnea Nakajima,
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