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27 results for “Ophiuridae”
Data from: Geographic structure in the Southern Ocean circumpolar brittle star Ophionotus victoriae (Ophiuridae) revealed from mtDNA and single nucleotide polymorphism data
Marine systems have traditionally been thought of as "open" with few barriers to gene flow. In particular, many marine organisms in the Southern Ocean purportedly possess circumpolar distributions that have rarely been well verified. Here, we use the highly abundant and endemic Southern Ocean brittle star Ophionotus victoriae to examine genetic structure and determine whether barriers to gene flow have existed around the Antarctic continent. Ophionotus victoriae possesses feeding planktotrophic larvae with presumed high dispersal capability, but a previous study revealed genetic structure along the Antarctic Peninsula. To test the extent of genetic differentiation within O. victoriae, we sampled from the Ross Sea through the eastern Weddell Sea. Whereas two mitochondrial DNA markers (16S rDNA and COI) were employed to allow comparison to earlier work, a 2b-RAD single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach allowed sampling of loci across the genome. Mitochondrial data from 414 individuals suggested three major lineages, but 2b-RAD data generated 1,999 biallelic loci that identified four geographically distinct groups from 89 samples. Given the greater resolution by SNP data, O. victoriae can be divided into geographically distinct populations likely representing multiple species. Specific historical scenarios that explain current population structure were examined with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses. Although the Bransfield Strait region shows high diversity possibly due to mixing, our results suggest that within the recent past, dispersal processes due to strong currents such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current have not overcome genetic subdivision presumably due to historical isolation, questioning the idea of large open circumpolar populations in the Southern Ocean.
FIGURE 11 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 11. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Examples of lack of arm calcification (photos in A by Jerry Carpenter; B and C by Chris Pomory). A, live animals. B, paratype 2, arm section in ethanol before drying. C, same as B after drying. Black arrows point to calcified skeleton edge. White arrows point to soft tissue outlining arms.
FIGURE 10 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 10. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Paratype 4, disk and arms (photos by Chris Pomory). A, ventral view arm near disk. B, dorsal view arm near disk. C, ventral view arm segments on disk and interbrachial area. D, dorsal view disk near arm connection (rs: radial shields; disk diameter 3.8 mm). E, internal view dorsal aspect disk after dissection/removal of dorsal disk surface (dp: dental plate; 9m: madreporite). Numbers for A & B as in Fig. 6. Numbers for C & E as in Fig. 5.
FIGURE 9 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 9. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Paratype 3, disk and arms (photos by Chris Pomory). A, dorsal view disk near center (disk diameter 3.3 mm). B, ventral view disk mouth area. C, lateral view arms. D, ventral view disk centered on adoral shields. Numbers as in Fig. 5. Note lack of calcification of scales, plates, and papillae.
FIGURE 8 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 8. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Paratype 2, disk (photos by Chris Pomory). A, dorsal view near center (disk diameter 3.8 mm). B, ventral view mouth area. C, ventral view centered on adoral shields. Numbers as in Fig. 5. Note lack of calcification of scales, plates, and papillae.
FIGURE 6 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 6. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Holotype, arms (photos by Chris Pomory). A, ventral view near disk. B, dorsal view near disk. C, lateral view arm tip. D, ventral view arm tip. 1. one large oval tentacle scale per pore; 2. enlarged lateral arm plates; 3. skin; 4. two arm spines per lateral arm plate; 5. figure-8 shaped ventral arm plates; 6. large tube foot with knobbed end; 7. diamond-oval shaped dorsal arm plates; 8. terminal arm plate.
FIGURE 7 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 7. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Paratype 1, disk and arms (photos by Chris Pomory). A, dorsal view disk near arm connection (rs: radial shields; disk diameter 3.8 mm). B, ventral view arm. C, dorsal view arm. D, ventral view arm tip. E, ventral view disk centered on adoral shields (9m: madreporite). Numbers for B, C, & D as in Fig. 6. Numbers for E as in Fig. 5.
FIGURE 4 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 4. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. Holotype, dorsal view (photos in A and B by Jerry Carpenter; C by Chris Pomory). A, whole animal showing disk/arm length ratio. B, disk surface. C, radial shields. 1. 8–9 rows of disk scales disk center to disk edge; 2. radial shields.
FIGURE 3 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 3. Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. A, dorsal view disk. B, ventral view disk. C, ventral view arm. D, dorsal view arm. E, side view arm. F, dorsal view arm tip.
FIGURE 2 in Amphicutis stygobita, a new genus and new species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Amphilepididae) found in Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas
FIGURE 2. Habitat of Amphicutis stygobita gen. nov., sp. nov. from Bernier Cave, an anchialine cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas (photos by Jerry Carpenter). A, John Winter sitting on cave floor next to a Pigeon Plum tree, Coccoloba diversifolia, growing through the entrance in the cave ceiling. B, water level in entrance chamber of cave. C, in situ photograph of an individual of A. stygobita, disk diameter ~4 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 12. Bathymetric ranges of the ophiuroid species collected in the Gulf of Cadiz. Undetermined specimens (Ophiuroidea und., Amphiuridae und. and Amphiura und.) were mostly juveniles or damaged specimens. Black bars: depth ranges in the Gulf of Cadiz from the present study; White bars: previously known depth range; Striped bars: extended depth range by the records of the present study.
FIGURE 5 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 5. Ophiopristis gadensis sp. nov. A–B: ventral view of adult (disk diameter: 9.5 mm), b) oral frame of juvenile specimen (disk diameter: 3.5 mm), c) disk spinelets, d) ventralmost spine from distal arm segment, e) mid arm spine f) arm dorsally spine. Bar scales = 1 mm.
FIGURE 8. Amphipholis squamata. A, B, C, F in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 8. Amphipholis squamata. A, B, C, F: ventral aspect; D, I: dorsal aspect; E, H: arm ventrally; I: arm dorsally. A, B: specimen 1; C, D, E: specimen 2; F, G, H, I: specimen 3. All specimens were collected at the same location (TTR mud volcano).
FIGURE 4 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 4. Ophiopristis gadensis sp. nov. (Paratype). A–B: ventral aspect, C: jaw detail, D: dorsal aspect; E–F: dorsal radial shield; G: disk spinelets; H: arm ventrally; I: arm ventrally and tentacle scale; J: outer arm ventrally; K: arm dorsally spines; L: detail of arm dorsally and spines. AS, adoral shield; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral papillae; OS, oral shield; S, spinelet; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate.
FIGURE 1 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 1. Map of the study area (Gulf of Cadiz) and location of sampling sites. Full circles: sampling sites with Ophiuroidea; Empty circles: other sites; AI: Al Idrisi MV; CA: Captain Arutyunov MV; CC: carbonate chimneys West of Gibraltar Strait; CR: Carlos Ribeiro MV; Che: Chechaouen MV; Dar: Darwin MV; Fiu: Fiúza MV, FR: Formosa Ridge; Gin: Ginsburg MV; JB: Jesus Baraza MV; Kid: Kidd MV; Mer: Mercator MV; Mek: Meknès MV; PDE: Pen Duick Escarpment; Por: Porto MV; TTR: TTR MV; VR: Vernadsky ridge; Yum: Yuma MV.
FIGURE 7 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Amphiuridae species in the Gulf of Cadiz. A: Amphiura grandisquama (full circles) and Amphiura chiajei (asterisks); B: Amphiura filiformis; C: Amphiura sp. A; D: Amphipholis squamata; E: Amphioplus hexabrachiatus; F: Amphilepis ingolfiana.
FIGURE 3 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 3. Ophiopristis gadensis sp. nov. A–B: Holotype, C–D: smaller specimen (paratype). A, D: ventral aspect; B, C: dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 1 cm.
FIGURE 6 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 6: Ophiactis abyssicola. A: ventral aspect; B: oral plates with papillae detail; C: arm dorsally; D: arm ventrally.
FIGURE 2. Ophiacantha aristata. A in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 2. Ophiacantha aristata. A: ventral aspect; B: dorsal aspect; C: disk spinelets; D: arm ventrally; E: arm dorsally.
FIGURE 10 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 10. Amphioplus hexabrachiatus. Three specimens showing variation in both ventral and dorsal structures. a) and b) represent the largest diameter specimens with indented disk and well defined arrangement of oral papillae. c) and d) mid sized specimen. e) and f) small specimen showing distinct signs of fissiparity. Bar scales = 1mm.
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