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Linked collectors and determiners for: Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Hemiosmia, Tergosmia and Erythrosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Hemiosmia, Tergosmia and Erythrosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2bdbfd60-8edf-4efc-9fc3-34649a0e3896">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2bdbfd60-8edf-4efc-9fc3-34649a0e3896</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2bdbfd60-8edf-4efc-9fc3-34649a0e3896">https://gbif.org/dataset/2bdbfd60-8edf-4efc-9fc3-34649a0e3896</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Osmiine bees of the genus Haetosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Osmiine bees of the genus Haetosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c0c5c4e1-5449-4f6e-980b-107a1aebe182">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c0c5c4e1-5449-4f6e-980b-107a1aebe182</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c0c5c4e1-5449-4f6e-980b-107a1aebe182">https://gbif.org/dataset/c0c5c4e1-5449-4f6e-980b-107a1aebe182</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5">https://gbif.org/dataset/4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Chlidoplitis and Megahoplitis (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Chlidoplitis and Megahoplitis (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/70f988df-b3bb-4994-a6a4-ab51934194d5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/70f988df-b3bb-4994-a6a4-ab51934194d5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/70f988df-b3bb-4994-a6a4-ab51934194d5">https://gbif.org/dataset/70f988df-b3bb-4994-a6a4-ab51934194d5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8901f66e-4865-425d-b4f8-4c1fbf960956">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8901f66e-4865-425d-b4f8-4c1fbf960956</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8901f66e-4865-425d-b4f8-4c1fbf960956">https://gbif.org/dataset/8901f66e-4865-425d-b4f8-4c1fbf960956</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Figs. 32–36 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 32–36. Diagram of fifth larval instar of Osmia avosetta. 32. Entire larva, lateral view; rectangle identifies approximate area on abdominal segment 8 pictured in fig. 41. 33, 34. Head, frontal and lateral views, respectively; ptp 5 position of posterior tentorial pit. 35, 36. Right mandible, dorsal and outer views, respectively.

Fig. 22 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Fig. 22. Two brood cells of Osmia (Tergosmia) rhodoensis in rock cavity; overlying stone removed to make cells visible (Jordan, Jerash, 23.4.2007; photo C. Sedivy). Figures 23, 24. Brood cells of O. (T.) tergestensis in cavities between stones; in both cases, overlying stone removed to make the cell visible. Petals used for brood cell construction were from Geranium and Helianthemum (fig. 23) and Geranium only (fig. 24) (Switzerland, Zeneggen, 10.7.1990; Photos A. Müller).

Figs. 30, 31 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 30, 31. Diagrams of eggs of Osmia avosetta and of parasite thought to be Sapyga pulcherrima, lateral views, respectively, to same scale; anterior ends at right.

Figs. 6–9 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 6–9. Nesting of Osmia avosetta at 10 km northeast of Sepidan, Yasouj region, Iran. 6. The site. 7. Pollen plant, Hedysarum elymaiticum. 8, 9. Two brood cells. (Photos C. Sedivy).

Fig. 1 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Fig. 1. Nesting site of Osmia avosetta in Seklik Mevkii, Turkey, to the left of observers in fore- and midground; note pinkish-red flowers of pollen plant, Onobrychis viciifolia. Figures 2, 3. Closed brood cells of O. avosetta, side views, showing shape and variation in coloration of outer envelopes. Figure 4. Open cell of same, side view. Figure 5. Closed cell of same containing intermediate stage larva. (Photos J.G. Rozen.)

Fig. 27 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Fig. 27. Open brood cell of Osmia lunata in a short cavity excavated in rather hard ground; twig concealing nest entrance removed to make cell opening visible. Figure 28. Flower of Helianthemum sp. with one petal bitten off by female of O. (T.) lunata (Morocco, Tafraoute, 20.4.2009; photo A. Müller). Figure 29. Nest of O. (T.) lunata consisting of 10 brood cells at base of small shrub. Uppermost part of cell still under construction (top right) was the only visible sign of nest before excavation; the nine already closed cells were all hidden under thin layer of soil (Morocco, Tafraoute, 20.4.2009; photos A. Müller).

Fig. 25 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Fig. 25. Four closed brood cells and one cell still being provisioned of Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis between blades of dense grass tussock; grass blades removed to make cells visible (Italy, Gimillan (Aosta), 15.7.1996; photo A. Müller). Figure 26. Female of O. (T.) tergestensis biting off petal from flower of Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. fil. Petal is tightly folded before being transported to nest. On each visit, female removed one petal (Italy, Gimillan (Aosta), 15.7.1996; photo A. Krebs).

Figs. 41–44 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 41–44. Microphotographs of fifth larval instar of Osmia avosetta. 41. Setae of pleural swelling, left side of abdominal segment 8, as identified by rectangle in figure 32. 42. Spiracle showing narrow peritreme relative to large atrial opening and wrinkled atrial wall. 43, 44. Short and long subatria, respectively. (Photos J.G. Rozen).

Figs. 37–40 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 37–40. SEM micrographs of fifth larval instar of Osmia avosetta. 37. Head, approximate frontal view. 38. Seta from area laterad of parietal band as identified by rectangle in figure 37 (but more lateral in view). 39. Right antenna showing three apical sensilla. 40. Close-up of left side of salivary opening, showing parallel ridges on upper inner surface.

Figs. 16–21 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Figs. 16–21. More closed cells of Osmia avosetta. 16. Upper part of cell, side view, with petals of outer envelope partly removed to reveal inner soil lining capped with closure of soil with concave upper surface. 17. Close-up of same showing concave soil closure, top view. 18. Same cell, now with most of soil closure removed revealing some of petals of inner closure (arrow), top view. 19. Same, except now all of soil of inner closure removed revealing folded petal of inner envelope, top view. 20. Another cell with outer envelope teased open, soil closure removed, and inner envelope closure also teased open, top view. 21. Same cell with opening widened to reveal egg floating on provisions. (Photos J.G. Rozen).

Fig. 10 in Nests, Petal Usage, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons with Other Osmiine Bees

Fig. 10. Female of Osmia avosetta with a petal in its mandibles approaching nest entrance (photo J.S. Ascher). Figures 11–15. Cells of Osmia avosetta. 11. Open cell, side view. 12. Close-up of neck of same, showing sequence of plating of petals. 13. Closed cell, side view. 14. Top of same showing inward folded petals of outer envelope. 15. Same cell, now with top of outer envelope removed revealing soil closure and soil lining, and some inner petal lining where soil lining removed (arrow). (Photos J.G. Rozen).

Figs. 14–19 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 14–19. SEM micrographs of mature larva of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 14. Right side of head showing antenna, anterior tentorial pit, part of labrum, and cranial setae, frontal view; rectangle identifying seta enlarged in fig. 18. 15. Close-up of antenna, showing three apical sensilla. 16. Apex of clypeus and labrum, frontal view. 17. Mouthparts, including salivary opening, frontal view. 18, 19. Two long cranial setae, showing large, elevated alveoli identified by arrows; fig. 18, from side of parietal at level of lower edge of parietal band, identified by rectangle in fig. 14; fig. 19 from upper area of parietal band.

Figs. 6–11 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 6–11. Diagrams of immatures of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 6. Egg, lateral view, other orientation uncertain. 7. Entire body of last larval instar, lateral view, with enlarged view of abdominal apex showing protruding anal region. 8, 9. Head of last larval instar, front and lateral views, respectively, with close-up of antenna in maximum profile. 10, 11. Right mandible of same, dorsal view, and outer view of apex in maximum profile, respectively.

Figs. 1–5 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 1–5. Photographs of nesting site and nest components of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 1, 2. Nesting site (arrow) of Hoplitis monstrabilis on campus of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, and close-up of nest entrances (marked by dry plaster of Paris) identified by arrows, respectively. 3. Cell showing shape, lateral view from above. 4. Close-up of cell wall showing matt texture; note cell wall composed of compact soil (arrow). 5. Cell closure, inner view.

Figs. 12, 13 in Biology of the Bee Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalců and Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)

Figs. 12, 13. Photographs of spiracle on cleared larva of Hoplitis monstrabilis. 12. Side view, showing elevation of rim and globular shape. 13. Oblique lateral view, showing peritreme and faint atrial ridges.