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9 results for “Osphranter”
FIG. 20. Osphranter robustus AMNH M-80171 in Transverse Canal Foramen And Pericarotid Venous Network In Metatheria And Other Mammals
FIG. 20. Osphranter robustus AMNH M-80171 (Macropodidae, Diprotodontia), juvenile caudal cranium, selected coronal segments in rostrocaudal order (data source, table 2). A–F, Conjectured arrangement of mesocranial blood vessels (red, arterial only; blue, venous only), sizes exaggerated for clarity. Macropodids often have multiple transverse canal foramina (e.g., Notamacropus, fig. 18B). In this specimen, accessory foramina (arrow in A) are tiny and open into cancellous tissue, but do not form recognizable junction or communicate directly with endocranium or much larger main foramen (cf. Trichosurus, fig. 22A, B). Nevertheless, they may qualify as RBTCs. In C–F, external apertures for main transverse canal and carotid canal can be seen passing through floor of endocranial carotid groove, where their pathways merge. As a result there is no separate caudal branch foramen because entire trunk consists of caudal branch vein. Whether it retains its separate identify or anastomoses with internal carotid vein in carotid groove as suggested in C (?icv + cbv) is unknown. In any case, in this reconstruction internal carotid vein is shown as departing as a separate vessel through main transverse canal foramen, as in other taxa. Key: AS, alisphenoid; bbs, basisphenoid-basioccipital synchondrosis; BS, basisphenoid; cbf, caudal branch foramen; cbv, caudal branch vein; cc, carotid canal; cs/ov, opthalmic vein entering cavernous sinus; cs/vps, cavernous sinus releasing ventral petrosal sinus; ctbs, caudal portion of transverse basisphenoid sinus; encf, endocranial carotid foramen; encg, endocranial carotid groove; fo, foramen ovale; hpf, hypophyseal fossa; ica, internal carotid artery; icv, internal carotid vein;?icv + cbv, possible anastomosis of caudal branch vein of transverse canal and internal carotid vein; le, lateral extension of transverse basisphenoid sinus; mca, middle cerebral artery; mxns, suclus for maxillary nerve; oa, ophthalmic artery; ov, ophthalmic vein; PT, pterygoid; ptc, pterygoid canal; rtbs, rostral portion of transverse basisphenoid sinus; SQ, squamosal; tcf, transverse canal foramen; tgf, trigeminal ganglion fossa; ttcv, trunk transverse canal vein; vps, ventral petrosal sinus.
Figs. 23–27 Macroponema beveridgei Mawson, 1978 from Osphranter robustus and O. antilopinus. 23 Bursa, apical view. 24 Spicule tip, left lateral view. 25 Genital cone, apical view. 26 Female tail, right lateral view. 27 in Revision of MaCroponema Mawson, 1978 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from macropodid marsupials with the description of two new species
Figs. 23–27 Macroponema beveridgei Mawson, 1978 from Osphranter robustus and O. antilopinus. 23 Bursa, apical view. 24 Spicule tip, left lateral view. 25 Genital cone, apical view. 26 Female tail, right lateral view. 27 Vagina and ovejector, right lateral view. Scale-bars: 23, 26, 27, 0.1 mm; 24, 25, 0.01 mm
Figs. 15–22 Macroponema beveridgei Mawson, 1978 from Osphranter robustus and O. antilopinus. 15 Anterior region, left lateral view. 16 Buccal capsule, lateral view. 17 Buccal capsule, ventral view. 18 Anterior extremity, apical view. 19 in Revision of MaCroponema Mawson, 1978 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from macropodid marsupials with the description of two new species
Figs. 15–22 Macroponema beveridgei Mawson, 1978 from Osphranter robustus and O. antilopinus. 15 Anterior region, left lateral view. 16 Buccal capsule, lateral view. 17 Buccal capsule, ventral view. 18 Anterior extremity, apical view. 19 Mouth opening, apical view, showing detail of cephalic papillae and amphids. 20 Transverse optical section through buccal capsule. 21 Oesophageal corpus, showing transverse sclerotisations of lining. 22 Transverse section of oesophagus showing sclerotisations of lining. Scale-bars: 15–18, 20–22, 0.1 mm; 19, 0.01 mm
The burden of size and growth for the juveniles of large mammalian herbivores: structural and functional constraints in the feeding biology of juveniles relative to adults in red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus
<p>Juvenile mammals in their post weaning developmental stages face many challenges in transitioning to adulthood. Among large grazing species such as ruminant bovids and cervids an overarching challenge is acquiring and processing sufficient nutrients to survive and grow, with a gut that may not yet be fully developed. Marsupial kangaroos of Australia face similar challenges; they also digest vegetation by fermentation in a large foregut. In red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus (= Macropus rufus), the dominant species of Australia's arid interior, females may breed continuously; however, juvenile recruitment to the adult population is irregular and coincident with sporadic rainfall. As compared with adult females the nutritional requirements of juvenile O. rufus are high in relation to their body mass (BM), largely due to the cost of their rapid growth. We examined processes that juveniles have in their morphology, physiology and behaviours to meet their elevated nutritional needs, by comparing recently weaned juveniles of both sexes and adult female O. rufus in their desert habitat. Features studied include relative body sizes, relative dimensions and capacities of principal gut regions, the foregut, small intestine, caecum and large intestine with rectum. Also examined were digesta attributes and rates of digesta excretion. Additionally, the rates of change in skull parameters and dental characteristics to maturity were assessed. Field determinations of diet choice were made for both age classes. In juveniles the content masses of major gut structures were related to body mass (BM), as were those of adult females, i. e. ~BM1.0. In both age classes the digesta mass of the foreguts exceeded 75 % of the total digesta mass. Diets of both juvenile and adult O. rufus largely focused on grasses. Juveniles had higher rates of digesta excretion while foraging than adults. In addition, the foregut contents in juveniles occupies proportionally less of the total gut than in adult females. Together, the higher excretion rate and smaller relative foregut of juveniles suggests that they necessarily focus on forage that can be rapidly digested, such as young, green grasses or herbage. Comparison of the skulls of juveniles and adults revealed how this harvest can occur. Relative to BM juveniles had skulls of larger volume than adults. Additionally, during growth the skull lengthens proportionally faster than increasing. By weaning the dimensions of the incisor bite of juveniles neared those of adult females. The area of wear on premolars/molars increased only slowly relative to the development of incisors, further pointing to juveniles selecting more digestible forage than adults. The intermittent availability of such forage, principally young grasses, appears key to the significant recruitment into the O. rufus population in their arid habitat.</p>
The burden of size and growth for the juveniles of large mammalian herbivores: structural and functional constraints in the feeding biology of juveniles relative to adults in red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus
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On following pages: 49. Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus); 50. Black Wallaroo (Osphranter bernardus); 51. Antilopine Wallaroo (Osphranter antilopinus); 52. Common Wallaroo (Osphranter robustus). in Macropodidae
On following pages: 49. Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus); 50. Black Wallaroo (Osphranter bernardus); 51. Antilopine Wallaroo (Osphranter antilopinus); 52. Common Wallaroo (Osphranter robustus).
Fig. 3 in Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)
Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Osphranter rufus. Map redrawn from Ellis et al. (2016) with modifications.
Fig. 2 in Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)
Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult female red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus; NMV [Museums Victoria] C9623) from Fowlers Gap, New South Wales, Australia. Greatest skull length is 159.08 mm. Photographed by Alistair Evans used with permission.
Fig. 1 in Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)
Fig. 1.—An adult male (left) and female (right) Osphranter rufus from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia taken in 2004. Photograph by Nicholas Walker used with permission.
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