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31 results for “Ostrinia”
Data from: Epigenomic changes in Ostrinia moths under elevated pupal and adult temperature
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Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypes
<p>Background: Understanding adaptation involves establishing connections between selective agents and beneficial population responses. However, relatively little attention has been paid to seasonal adaptation, in part, because it requires complex and integrative knowledge about seasonally fluctuating environmental factors, the effects of variable phenology on exposure to those factors, and evidence for temporal specialization. In the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis , sympatric pheromone strains exploit the same host plant ( Zea mays ) but may genetically differ in phenology and be reproductively "isolated by time." Z strain populations in eastern North America have been shown to have a prolonged larval diapause and produce one annual mating flight (July), whereas E strain populations complete an earlier (June) and a later (August) mating flight by shortening diapause duration. Here, we find evidence consistent with seasonal "adaptation by time" between these ecotypes.</p> <p>Results: We use 12 years of field observation of adult seasonal abundance to estimate phenology of ecotype life cycles and to quantify life-stage specific climatic conditions. We find that the observed reduction of diapause duration in the E strain leads their non-diapausing, active life stages to experience a ~4˚C colder environment compared to the equivalent life stages in the Z strain. For a representative pair of populations under controlled laboratory conditions, we compare life-stage specific cold tolerance and find non-diapausing, active life stages in the E strain have as much as a 60% greater capacity to survive rapid cold shock. Enhanced cold hardiness appears unrelated to life-stage specific changes in the temperature at which tissues freeze.</p> <p>Conclusions: Our results suggest that isolation by time and adaptation by time may both contribute to population divergence, and they argue for expanded study in this species of allochronic populations in nature experiencing the full spectrum of seasonal environments. Cyclical selective pressures are inherent properties of seasonal habitats. Diverse fluctuating selective agents across each year (temperature, predation, competition, precipitation, etc.) may therefore be underappreciated drivers of biological diversity.</p>
Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
<p><span>Tianshan Mountain provides a model for studying biological evolution and speciation. Here we assess the evolutionary history of the <em>Ostrinia furnacalis</em> and <em>Ostrinia nubilalis</em>, which are sympatric in the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China. </span></p> <p><span>Our study is based on the historical gene flow analyses of two species by using three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, <em>COI</em> & <em>COII</em> & <em>Cytb</em>) and four nuclear DNA (nuDNA, <em>EF-1α</em> &<em> Wingless</em> & <em>RPS5</em> &<em> CAD</em>) markers obtained from representatives of HC (Huocheng), YN (Yining), XY (Xinyuan) and MNS (Manasi). </span></p> <p><span>Our results reveal that there is a strong asymmetrical gene flow pattern between the four populations. The population migratory pathways between these different populations show inflow into HC and YN, outflow from XY, and that MNS maintained a flow balance. Bayesian divergence time dating based on the <em>COI</em> gene suggest the genetic divergence between the two species in this area may have occurred in the late-Pleistocene (0.003</span><span>–0.0127</span><span> Mya). Neutrality tests (Tajima's <em>D</em>, Fu's <em>Fs</em>) and mismatch distribution test results suggest that population expansion events may not have occurred in the recent past, which may follow the 'mountain isolation' hypothesis. The ML and BI trees of the mtDNA haplotype dataset show that ECB haplotypes are clustered together in a distinct clade and are clearly separate from ACB haplotypes. However, the geographical pattern of haplotype distribution is less clear and there is no strong correspondence between haplotypes and their geographical pattern for both ACB and ECB, implying that there has been frequent gene flow among the geographic populations in the Tianshan Mountains.</span></p> <p><span>These findings confirm that geological factors play an important role in driving genetic patterns.</span></p>
Ostrinia population genomics: Custom scripts and synteny mapping results
<p>We sampled seven <em>Ostrinia furnacalis </em>(Guenée) populations across 23 degrees of latitude in China to elucidate the genetic basis of diapause variation and evolutionary mechanisms driving parallel clinal responses. Using pooled whole-genome sequencing (Pool-seq) data, population genomic analyses revealed hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) whose allele frequencies covaried with mean diapause phenotypes along the cline. Archived on Dryad are the custom R scripts used in the population genomic analyses as well as the mapping of <em>O. furnacalis</em> scaffolds to <em>Bombyx mori</em> reference chromosomes (for visualizing population genetic statistics across chromosomes).</p>
Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
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Ostrinia population genomics: Custom scripts and synteny mapping results
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Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypes
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FIGURE 7 in Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
FIGURE 7. Host preference of clades of Ostrinia furnacalis 2015-2016. (Abbreviation: C=Corn, R=Rice, Sg=Sorghum, W=Weed, Sb=Soybean, G=Grape, V=Vegetation, CL=Corn-Larval (male from larval inside corn plants); I, II & III=Clade I-III). Note: IV in 2015 test represented males morphologically similar to males with postmedial line of IV clades, and was removed in 2016 test.
FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
FIGURE 4. Phylogenic relationships within Ostrinia furnacalis: A: Phylogenic relationship within O. furnacalis clade I; B: Phylogenic relationship within O. furnacalis clade II; C: Phylogenic relationship within O. furnacalis clade III; D: Phylogenic relationship tree showing all typical taxa within O. furnacalis. A1 and A2 are outgroup O.nubilalis. Note: Maximum likelihood, Maximum parsimony, Bayesian posterior probabilities and Neighborjoining bootstrap values (%) are indicated above each branch in the format of ML/ MP/ BI/ NJ.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
FIGURE 5. Life span of male Ostrinia furnacalis clades under different living conditions. Abbreviation: I~III=Clades I, II& III; N=none (no water provided); M = moisture (cotton ball full of water for air moisture, approximately 90% relative humidity); W=water (water was available); H=honey (5% honey was available); Comparision equals overall life span of the males under different conditions (captures from traps and sweep net were pooled); Life span equals life span of males captured just by traps. Note: right Y axis numbers are only used for the life span treatment.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
FIGURE 2. The external appearance of male Ostrinia nubilalis and clades of male Ostrina furnacalis. A: terminology relating to postmedial line; a, b, c and d: four typical postmedial line; a-b, b-c and c-d: clades I, II, and III; e & f: Ostrinia nubilalis sex pheromone strains of General and New York.
Data from: The genetic structure of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, populations in China: haplotype variance in Northern populations and potential impact on management of resistance to transgenic maize
Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a severe pest that infests cultivated maize in the major production regions of China. Populations show genotype-by-environment variation in voltinism, such that populations with a single generation (univoltine) are fixed in Northern China where growing seasons are short. Low genetic differentiation was found among samples from 33 collection sites across China and one site from North Korea (n = 1,673) using variation at 6 nuclear microsatellite loci (ENA corrected global FST = 0.020; P-value < 0.05). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that geographic region, number of generations or voltinism accounted for < 0.38% of the total genetic variation at nuclear loci and was corroborated by clustering of co-ancestries among genotypes using the program STRUCTURE. In contrast, a mitochondrial haplotype network identified four distinct clusters, where 70.5% of samples from univoltine populations were within a single group. Univoltine populations were also placed into a unique cluster using Population Graph and Principal Component analyses, which showed significant differentiation with multivoltine populations (ST = 0.400; P-value < 0.01). This study suggests that gene flow among O. furnacalis in China may be high among regions, with the exception of northeastern localities. Haplotype variation may be due to random genetic drift resulting from partial reproductive isolation between univoltine and multivoltine O. furnacalis populations. Such reproductive isolation might impact the potential spread of alleles that confer resistance to transgenic maize in China.
Revisiting the evolution of Ostrinia moths with phylogenomics (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae)
<p>Reconstructing a robust phylogenetic framework is key to understanding the ecology and evolution of many economically important taxa. The crambid moth genus <i>Ostrinia</i> contains multiple agricultural pests, and its classification and phylogeny has remained controversial due to the paucity of characters and the lack of clear morphological boundaries for its species. To address these issues, we inferred a molecular phylogeny of <i>Ostrinia</i> using a phylogenomic dataset containing 498 loci and 115,197 nucleotide sites and examined whether traditional morphological characters corroborate our molecular results. Our results strongly support the monophyly of one of the <i>Ostrinia</i> species groups but surprisingly do not support the monophyly of the other two. Based on the extensive morphological examination and broadly representative taxon sampling of the phylogenomic analyses, we propose a revised classification of the genus, defined by three species groups (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> species group,<i> Ostrinia obumbratalis</i> species group, and<i> Ostrinia penitalis</i> species group), which differs from the traditional classification of Mutuura & Munroe (1970). Morphological and molecular evidence reveal the presence of a new North American species, <i>O. multispinosa </i>Yang, <b>sp.n.</b>, closely related to <i>O. obumbratalis</i>. Our analyses indicate that the <i>Ostrinia</i> ancestral larval host preference was for dicots, and that <i>O. nubilalis</i> (European corn borer) and <i>O. furnacalis </i>(Asian corn borer) independently evolved a preference for feeding on monocots (i.e., maize). Males of a few <i>Ostrinia </i>species have enlarged, grooved midtibiae with brush organs that are known to attract females during courtship. Males of the ancestral <i>Ostrinia </i>had relatively small midtibiae without brush organs, suggesting that the ancestral mate-finding behavior instead involved pheromones emitted by females. Our study provides a strong evolutionary framework for this agriculturally important insect lineage.</p>
Data from: The genetic structure of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, populations in China: haplotype variance in Northern populations and potential impact on management of resistance to transgenic maize
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Toxicity effect of five insecticides on the development and enzyme activities of Trichogramma ostriniae
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Data from: ‘Becoming a species by becoming a pest’ or how two maize pests of the genus Ostrinia possibly evolved through parallel ecological speciation events
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Data from: Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis
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Revisiting the evolution of Ostrinia moths with phylogenomics (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae)
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Data from: Lateralized courtship behaviors and mating success in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): A population-level study on maize plants under greenhouse conditions
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FIGURE 6B in Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
FIGURE 6B. Male dynamics of Ostrina furnacalis clades I, II & III in various field in 2016.
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