Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 2 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

FIGURE 2. The distribution of vertebral diameters throughout each vertebral column, where vertebral number '1' represents the anterior-most centrum in each specimen. A, Graph based on Cooper et al.'s (2022) Data S1 for the vertebral column of †Otodus megalodon from the Miocene of Belgium (IRSNB P 9893), where the vertebral column is most certainly incomplete and the vertebral numbers do not necessarily reflect the original anatomical sequence (grey plots represent significantly damaged vertebrae). B, Graph based on CT-scanned data of an extant white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) specimen (LACM 43805-1), where the vertebral column is complete and the vertebral numbers reflect the anatomical sequence.

FIGURE A1 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

FIGURE A1. Photographic (*) and CT (**) images of cranial region of 187-cm-TL male extant bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus: UF 160188) caught off Florida, USA, demonstrating hypercalcified rostral cartilage in the species. Top, ventral view*; middle, ventral view**; bottom, left lateral view **. Note that the same hypercalcification is also present in another specimen of A. superciliosus (UF 178509: 201-cm-TL male caught off Florida). Scale bar = 10 cm.

FIGURE 1 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

FIGURE 1. Simplified family-level phylogenetic hypothesis of Lamniformes showing all extant clades and †Otodontidae (A: dagger [†] indicates extinct), and silhouette depiction of fossil vertebral column of †Otodus megalodon (B). A, Current understanding of lamniform phylogeny demonstrating that a large portion of the phylogenetic tree remains unresolved due to conflicting results based on various molecular and morphological studies (Sternes et al., 2023 and references therein); although the placement of †Otodontidae is tentative and other extinct families are not depicted in this tree, the main point of this illustration is to demonstrate that †Otodontidae lies outside of Lamnidae (both clades highlighted in bold letters) where clades containing one or more species with regional endothermy (indicated by an asterisk [*]) do not share an immediate common ancestry (Sternes et al., 2023). B, Reconstructed vertebral column and its total measured length by Cooper et al. (2022) based on an incomplete associated vertebral set from the Miocene of Belgium; this specific specimen (IRSNB P 9893) was previously estimated to have come from an individual that measured 9.2 m in total length, including the head and caudal fin (Gottfried et al., 1996) based on the modern white shark, not accounted for by Cooper et al. (2022).

FIGURE 4 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

FIGURE 4. Previous and new schematic interpretations of †Otodus megalodon body form. A dark grey silhouette depicting the previously reconstructed †O. megalodon body form by Cooper et al. (2022) based on the extant white shark, superimposing a light grey outline showing the newly interpreted body form of †O. megalodon which is more elongated than the extant white shark. Note: it must be emphasized that this illustration should be strictly regarded as schematic as the exact extent of body elongation, the shape of the head, and the morphology and positions of the fins remain unknown based on the present fossil record.

FIGURE 3 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

FIGURE 3. Photographic (*) and CT images (**) of preserved specimens of extant white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and salmon shark (Lamna ditropis). A, Complete specimen of 126-cm-TL male C. carcharias caught off central California, USA (LACM 43805-1): from top to bottom, external body* and skeleton** in left lateral view and external body** and skeleton** in ventral view. B, Complete specimen of 151 cm TL male L. ditropis caught off central California (FMNH 117475): from top to bottom, external body* and skeleton** in left lateral view and external body* and skeleton** in dorsal view. C, Head specimen of estimated 271-cm-TL male C. carcharias caught off southern Florida, USA (FMNH 38335): from top to bottom, external head* and cranial skeleton** in left lateral view and external head* and cranial skeleton** in dorsal view. All scale bars equal 10 cm.

FIGURE 8 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 8. Correlation between summed crown width and total body length in 17 modern Carcharodon carcharias individuals, comparing the upper versus lower dentition. (A) linear function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.93); (B) power function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.97); (C) linear function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.90); and (D) power function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.95).

FIGURE 3 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 3. Associated dentitions of Otodus megalodon in lingual view. (A) UF-VP-311000; (B) GHC 1; (C) CH-31- 46P; and (D) UF-VP-460000. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 4. Associated dentitions of Otodus chubutensis in lingual view. (A) USNM 411881 (adapted from Perez et al., 2019; fig. 5); (B) USNM 299832; (C) GHC 3; and (D) UF-VP-312864. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 1. Premise of summed crown width method. (A) Carcharodon carcharias dentition in lingual view, with applicable terminology. The right half is an illustration of the typical dental formula for C. carcharias. The left half is from a 5.18 m female with one less posterior tooth in the lower tooth series (originally figured in Hubbell, 1996; figure 5). Scale bar equals 5 cm. (B) The most complete known associated dentition of Otodus megalodon (CH-31-46P) in lingual view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. (C) Body length of fossil taxa is calculated under the assumption that the ratio of summed crown width to total body length (TL) is proportional in ecologically and taxonomically related species. Silhouette proportions for O. megalodon are based on Cooper et al. (2020). A/a = anterior, I = intermediate, and L/l = lateral. Uppercase letters denote upper teeth and lowercase letters denote lower teeth.

opencc-byJun 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Puzzle 4D Shark tooth (Otodus megalodon)

**Ejemplar:** *Otodus megalodon* **Edad:** 19´8 - 2´6 M.a. Neógeno **Localidad:** desierto Atacama (Chile) **Descripción:** ejemplar impreso en filamento termoplástico PLA conservando la corona, la raíz y los bordes laterales de la corona. Dimensiones 13m´1 x 87´4 mm. **Sigla museo, colección y entidad:** colección puzzles 4D Museo de la Universidad de Valencia de Historia Natural **Técnica digitalización / modelo:** escáner 3D de luz estructurada EinscanPro, modo fijo y calidad media **puzzle 4D:** Luban3D, PLA filament **Autor digitalización y procesado:** Jose A. Villena **Cita ejemplar:** Diente Otodus megalodón puzzles 4D MUVHN-Fecyt_2022 **Archivos STL: ** puzzle 4D de 6 piezas **Proyecto:** "Una ventana digital a la Historia Natural" subvención para el Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de la Innovación Fecyt (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación). **Download puzzle STL: **https://nasmuseo.uv.es/owncloud/index.php/s/vDOO8fN7O2z5AH5 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

External anatomy of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon

Inferring the size and shape of extinct animals is fraught with danger, especially when they were much larger than their modern relatives. Such extrapolations are particularly risky when allometry is present. The extinct giant shark Otodus megalodonis known almost exclusively from fossilised teeth, and estimates have been made from these of its total length and body mass using the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) as the modern analogue. This is problematic as the two species likely belong to different families within Lamniformes, and the position of theOtoduslineage is unclear. Here, we infer the body dimensions of the giant O. megalodon based on anatomical measurements of five ecologically and physiologically similar lamniform sharks.We first assessed for allometry in all species using linear regressions and geometric morphometric analyses. Because no evidence of allometry was found, we made morphological extrapolations to infer body dimensions of O. megalodonat different sizes. Our results suggest that a 16 m O. megalodonlikely had a head ~4.65 m long, a dorsal fin ~1.62 m tall and a tail ~3.85 m high. Our morphometric analyses further reveal dorsal and caudal fins adaptedfor fast predatory swimming, but slower, more sustained long-distance swimming.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic super-predator: Inferences from 3D modelling

Although shark teeth are abundant in the fossil record, their bodies are rarely preserved. Thus, our understanding of the anatomy of the extinct Otodus megalodon remains rudimentary. We used an exceptionally preserved fossil to create the first 3D model of the body of this giant shark and used it to infer its movement and feeding ecology. We estimate that an adult O. megalodon could cruise at faster absolute speeds than any shark species today, and fully consume prey the size of modern apex predators (e.g., the killer whale). A dietary preference for large prey potentially enabled O. megalodon to minimize competition and provided a constant source of energy to fuel prolonged migrations without further feeding. When taken together, our results suggest that O. megalodon played a singular ecological role as a transoceanic super-predator. As such, its extinction likely had large impacts on global nutrient transfer and trophic food webs.

publicAug 2020View details →

External anatomy of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJul 2022View details →

The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic super-predator: Inferences from 3D modelling

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

FIGURE 10 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 10. Re-calculation of Otodus megalodon body lengths from Pimiento et al. (2010). (A) Re-calculation using the correct equations from Shimada (2002a). (B) Re-calculation using the SCW direct proportions method, showing results based on CH-31-46P and UF- VP-311000 as analogs separately.

FIGURE 11 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 11. Maximum body length estimation of Otodus megalodon. (A) Widest known tooth of O. megalodon (GHC 6), lingual view. The tooth enamel has been repaired inside the red polygon. Scale bar equals 5 cm. (B) Body length calculation for specimen GHC 6, using the associated dentition UF-VP-311000 as an analog and assuming the tooth represents position L1. SCWc = summed crown width corrected and TL = total body length. (C) Illustration depicting the mathematical equation used to solve for body length. Otodus megalodon artwork by Tim Scheirer, used with permission from the Calvert Marine Museum.

FIGURE 7 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 7. Comparison of body length estimates based on SCW direct proportions and Shimada (2002a) CH linear regression. (A–B) Otodus megalodon; (C–D) Otodus chubutensis; and (E–F) Carcharodon spp. (A, C, E) SCW direct proportions. (B, D, F) Shimada (2002a) CH linear regression. U = upper and L = lower.

FIGURE 5 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 5. Associated dentitions of Carcharodon spp. in lingual view. (A) Carcharodon carcharias, GHC 4. (B) Carcharodon hastalis, GHC 5. Scale bars equal 5 cm. See Ehret et al. (2009) for images of the Carcharodon hubbelli dentition, UF-VP-226255.