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5 results for “Ototyphlonemertes”
Data from: At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)
Most meiofaunal species are known to have a broad distribution with no apparent barriers to their dispersion. However, different morphological and/or molecular methods supported patterns of diversity and distribution that may be different among taxa while also conflicting within the same group. We accurately assessed the patterns of geographic distribution in actual genetic species of a marine meiofaunal animal model: Ototyphlonemertes. Specimens were collected from several sites around Europe, Northern and Central America, Southern America, Pacific Islands and Asia. We sequenced regions of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Using single-gene, a concatenated data set, multilocus approaches and different DNA taxonomy methods, we disentangled the actual diversity and the spatial structures of haplotypes and tested the possible correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. The results show (i) the importance of using several genes to uncover both diversity and highlight phylogeographic relationships among species and that (ii) independent genetic evolutionary entities have a narrower distribution than morphological species. Moreover, (iii) a Mantel test supported a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance. By sampling from the two sides of Isthmus of Panama, we were additionally able to identify lineage divergence times that are concordant with vicariance mechanisms caused by the geological closure of the seaway across the Isthmus. We therefore propose that in addition to distance, other geological and ecological conditions are also barriers to the dispersion of and gene flow in marine meiofaunal organisms.
FIGURE 3 in Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new interstitial nemertean from the South China Sea
FIGURE 3. The phylogenetic tree resulting from the Maximum-likehood (ML) analysis of the 161 haplotypes of 409 COI sequences. The clade of Ototyphlonemertes macintoshi species group is enlarged. Each species name is shown with the name in GenBank followed by that listed in Kajihara et al. (2018: fig. 3 and Appendix). Numbers near nodes are bootstrap support values for ML analysis.
FIGURE 1 in Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new interstitial nemertean from the South China Sea
FIGURE 1. Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. A, Photograph of live specimen; B, dorsal view of head; C, ventral view of head; D, photomicrograph of partial proboscis from squeezed specimen; E, central stylet and basis, from squeezed specimen; F, statocyst, from squeezed specimen; G, intestinal region, from squeezed specimen, showing diverticula. ba, basis; cf, cephalic furrow; cs, central stylet; mc, middle chamber of proboscis; pd, proboscis diaphragm; sl, statolith. Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B, C = 300 µm; D = 50 µm; E, F = 20 µm; G = 100 µm.
Data from: At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)
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FIGURE 2 in Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new interstitial nemertean from the South China Sea
FIGURE 2. Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. A, Transverse section near the tip of head; B, transverse section of precerebral region; C, transverse section through anterior foregut region, longitudinal muscles covering brain are arrowed; D, transverse section through stomach region; E, body wall (foregut region); F, transverse section of stomach. bv, blood vessel; cg, cephalic glands; cm, circular muscle layer; d, dermis; e, epidermis; es, esophagus; ex, efferent duct of excretory system; fo, frontal organ; lm, longitudinal muscle layer; ln, lateral nerve; rd, rhynchodaeum; st, stomach; vc, ventral cerebral commissure. Scale bars = 20 µm.
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